Li-lymphocyte tsa T le Likarabo tse Ikhethang tsa 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa Lisele
Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea motho ke marang-rang a rarahaneng a lisele le limolek'hule tse sebetsang hammoho ho sireletsa' mele tšoaetsong le mafung. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ea sistimi ena ke li-T lymphocyte, tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Sehlooho sena se tla hlahloba ka botebo hore na li-T lymphocyte ke eng, li sebetsa joang, le bohlokoa ba tsona karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Selelekela ho T Lymphocytes
Li-lymphocyte tsa T ke mofuta oa sele e tšoeu ea mali e leng karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo. Ho fapana le tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea tlhaho, e fanang ka tšireletso ea pele khahlanong le likokoana-hloko, tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo e fana ka tšireletso e tobileng le e matla ka mor'a hore 'mele o pepesehetse kokoana-hloko. Li-lymphocyte tsa T li hlaha mokong oa masapo, empa lia butsoa ka har'a tšoelesa ea thymus, e fumanehang ka mor'a lesapo la sefuba, ka hona lebitso "T" ho "thymus".
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea li-lymphocyte tsa T ho latela mosebetsi oa tsona: lisele tsa T tse thusang (Th) le lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (Tc). Mefuta ena e 'meli ea lisele e na le mesebetsi e tlatsetsang ho bolokeng botšepehi ba sesole sa 'mele.
Ts'ebetso ea Lymphocyte ea T
Ts'ebetso ea ho kenya tšebetsong ha T lymphocyte e qala ha receptor ea T-cell (TCR) e lemoha likaroloana tse itseng tsa antigen tse hlahisoang ke limolek'hule tse kholo tsa histocompatibility complex (MHC) holim'a lisele tse hlahisang antigen (APCs) tse kang macrophages kapa lisele tsa dendritic. Tšebelisano pakeng tsa TCR le MHC-antigen complex ke ea bohlokoa ho khetholleng ho hlaka ha karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Kamora ho lemoha antigen, lisele tsa T li hloka lets'oao la bobeli la costimulatory le fanoang ke tšebelisano ea limolek'hule holim'a APC le sele ea T. Ke feela kamora hore matšoao ka bobeli a amoheloe moo sele ea T e tla kenngoa tšebetsong ka botlalo 'me e qale ho ata le ho etsa mesebetsi ea eona ea effector.
Mosebetsi oa Lisele tsa T tse thusang le tse nang le chefo ea cytotoxic
Lisele tsa Mothusi (Th): Lisele tsa Mothusi li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho thuseng likarabelo tse ling tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Li etsa sena ka ho lokolla li-cytokine, e leng limolek'hule tsa melaetsa tse fanang ka lipontšo ho lisele tse ling tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Lisele tsa Mothusi li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 'maloa ho latela mofuta oa cytokine eo li e hlahisang le karabelo e itseng eo li e buellang, joalo ka Th1, Th2, Th17, le Tregs (lisele tsa T tse laolang).
– Th1: E hlahisa li-cytokine tse kang interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) tse kenyang tšebetsong macrophages 'me li bohlokoa karabelong khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse ka hare ho sele, joalo ka livaerase le libaktheria tse itseng.
– Th2: E hlahisa li-cytokine tse kang interleukin-4 (IL-4) tse phethang karolo karabelong khahlanong le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko le lits'ebetsong tsa allergy ka ho khothaletsa tlhahiso ea li-antibody ke lisele tsa B.
– Th17: E bapala karolo ea ho itšireletsa khahlanong le libaktheria tse tsoang kantle ho 'mele le li-fungus, 'me e kenya letsoho ho pathogenesis ea mafu a autoimmune.
– Tregs: E ameha ho bolokeng mamello ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ho thibela boits'ireletso ba 'mele ka ho fana ka matšoao a thibelo ho thibela ts'ebetso e feteletseng ea lisele tse ling tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (Tc): Lisele tsena li na le bokhoni bo tobileng ba ho bolaea lisele tsa 'mele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke likokoana-hloko, haholo-holo livaerase. Hang ha li se li kentsoe tšebetsong, li lemoha lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka lipontšo tsa sehlopha sa I sa MHC tsa li-peptide tsa kantle ho naha 'me lia li senya ka ho lokolla liprotheine tse chefo tse kang perforin le granzymes.
Karabelo ea 'Mele e Ikhethang ea Selefouno
Karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikhethang ho lisele e bolela bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho shebana le ho timetsa likokoana-hloko kapa lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka ho nepahala ho hoholo. Li-lymphocyte tsa T li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong ena, ka likarolo tse peli tse kholo: ho lemoha ka ho khetheha li-antigen le ho kenya tšebetsong timetso kapa ho felisoa ha sepheo.
Hang ha di se di kentswe tshebetsong, disele tsa T ha di ata feela empa di boetse di a arohana ka disele tse sebetsang tse ka fallelang sebakeng seo tshwaetso e tshwaeditsweng ho sona. Disele tsena tse sebetsang di etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ho latela mofuta le dikokwana-hloko tseo di di tsebang. Mohlala, disele tsa T tse sebetsang tse nang le chefo di bolaya ka ho toba disele tse tshwaeditsweng, ha disele tsa T tse thusang di kenya tshebetsong disele tse ding tsa mmele ho eketsa karabelo ya mmele.
Ho phaella moo, disele tsa T le tsona di bapala karolo ho hodiseng mohopolo wa mmele o sireletsang mafu. Disele tse ding tsa T tse sebetsang di fetoha disele tsa memori tse ka dulang nako e telele haholo mmeleng. Disele tsena tsa memori di thusa ho arabela ka potlako le ka katleho ho feta tshwaetsong ya bobedi e nang le pathogen e tshwanang, e leng mokgwa o sebediswang ntshetsopeleng ya ente.
Litlamorao Bophelong bo Botle le Mafung
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea li-lymphocyte tsa T karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e boetse e bolela hore li amana haufi-ufi le maemo a fapaneng a mafu. Ho se sebetse hantle ha lisele tsa T, joalo ka ho kenya tšebetsong ho sa laoleheng kapa ho hloleha ho lemoha lisele tsa 'mele e le 'tsona,' ho ka lebisa mafung a autoimmune, ao ho 'ona sesole sa 'mele se hlaselang lisele tsa 'mele.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likokoana-hloko tse ling, tse kang kokoana-hloko ea HIV, li shebana le lisele tsa T tse thusang, li fokolisa sesole sohle sa 'mele. Ho hloka palo e lekaneng ea lisele tsa T le ts'ebetso ea tsona ho etsa hore 'mele o be kotsing e kholo ea tšoaetso e fapaneng e ka bang teng eo batho ba nang le sesole sa 'mele se phetseng hantle ba ka e laolang hangata.
Kalafo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e sebelisang li-lymphocyte tsa T, tse kang nts'etsopele ea phekolo ea lisele tsa T tsa CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor), e bontšitse bokhoni ba ho phekola mefuta e fapaneng ea kankere, ka ho fetola lisele tsa T ho hlasela lisele tsa hlahala ka ho khetheha.
Qetello
Li-lymphocyte tsa T ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo, e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho felisa likokoana-hloko ka ho khetheha. Ka ho rarahana ha mefuta e fapaneng ea mesebetsi le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hopola likokoana-hloko, li-lymphocyte tsa T li fana ka tšireletso e etselitsoeng motho ka mong le e tšoarellang nako e telele. Ho utloisisa mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea li-lymphocyte tsa T ha ho fane feela ka temohisiso mabapi le mesebetsi ea motheo ea tsamaiso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung empa hape ho bula tsela bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo khahlanong le mafu a tšoaetsanoang, mafu a ho itšireletsa mafung le kankere. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele sebakeng sena li tšepisa mehla e mecha tlhokomelong ea bakuli e sebetsang haholoanyane le e ikhethileng.
