Li-lymphocyte le Karabelo e Ikhethang ea 'Mele oa ho Itšireletsa
Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea motho ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa oa ho itšireletsa mafung ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba' mele khahlanong le litšokelo tse bakang mafu, ho kenyeletsoa libaktheria, livaerase le likokoana-hloko. Ka har'a sistimi ena ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ho na le karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, eo ho eona li-lymphocyte li phethang karolo ea bohlokoa. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba mosebetsi oa li-lymphocyte karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le kamoo li kenyang letsoho tšireletsong ea 'mele.
Selelekela ho Tsamaiso e Ikhethang ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo: sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e seng ea tlhaho (kapa ea tlhaho) le sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikhethileng (kapa e ikamahanyang le maemo). Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e seng ea tlhaho ke karabelo ea pele ea hang-hang khahlanong le likokoana-hloko, empa ha e lemohe likokoana-hloko tse itseng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e etselitsoe ho lemoha le ho hopola likokoana-hloko tse itseng, e leng se etsang hore e sebetse haholoanyane ka nako e telele.
Karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e kenyelletsa lisele tse itseng tse tsejoang e le li-lymphocyte. Li-lymphocyte ke lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha le ho arabela litšokelong tse itseng. Li sebetsa ka makala a mabeli a maholo: tšireletso ea 'mele ea humoral le tšireletso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Mefuta ea Lymphocyte
Li-lymphocyte li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa, eo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe ea eona e nang le mosebetsi o itseng:
1. Li-lymphocyte tsa B (Lisele tsa B)
Li-lymphocyte tsa B li ikarabella bakeng sa tšireletso ea 'mele ea humoral, e leng tlhahiso ea li-antibodies. Lisele tsa B li lemoha li-antigen ka li-receptor tse khethehileng holim'a tsona. Kamora ho lemoha antigen, lisele tsa B li ka fetoha lisele tsa plasma, tse hlahisang li-antibodies tse ikhethileng ho antigen eo. Li-antibodies li ntan'o khomarela likokoana-hloko, li li tšoaea hore li senngoe ke lisele tse ling tsa 'mele kapa li fokotsa tšokelo e bakoang ke pathogen.
2. Li-lymphocyte tsa T (Lisele tsa T)
Li-lymphocyte tsa T li bapala karolo ea sesole sa 'mele sa sele, li senya lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng le ho thusa lisele tsa B ho hlahisa li-antibodies. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea lisele tsa T:
– Lisele tsa Mothusi (lisele tsa CD4+ T): Li hokahanya karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka ho kenya tšebetsong lisele tse ling tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Lisele tsa Mothusi li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso ea lisele tsa B le macrophages.
– Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (lisele tsa CD8+ T): Li khethehile ho lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke livaerase kapa lisele tse fetohileng lisele tsa kankere.
3. Lisele tsa T tse laolang (T-regs)
Lisele tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka botsitso tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka ho thibela likarabelo tse feteletseng tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ka hona ho thibela tšenyo ea lisele e bakoang ke likarabelo tse sa laoleheng tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Mokhoa o Ikhethang oa Karabelo ea 'Mele oa ho Itšireletsa
Mokhahlelo o itseng oa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung o kenyelletsa mehato e' maloa e hlophisitsoeng hantle:
1. Ho Amohela Antigen
Ts'ebetso ena e qala ha li-lymphocyte tsa B kapa T li kopana le ho lemoha li-antigen tse itseng tse hlahisoang ke lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng kapa lisele tse hlahisang li-antigen tse kang macrophages kapa lisele tsa dendritic. Antigen ke molek'hule kapa karolo ea pathogen e ka bakang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
2. Ho kenya tshebetsong le ho ata ha disebediswa
Kamora ho lemoha antigen, lisele tsa B kapa tsa T lia kenngoa tšebetsong. Ts'ebetso ena hangata e susumetsoa ke matšoao a tsoang liseleng tsa T tse thusang tse hlahisang li-cytokine—limolek'hule tse nyane tse susumetsang boitšoaro ba lisele tse ling. Ts'ebetso e etsa hore lisele tsena li ate, kapa li arohane ka potlako, ho hlahisa lisele tse sebetsang haholoanyane tse tla loantša kokoana-hloko.
3. Karabelo ea Motlatsi
Lisele tse sebetsang li etsa mosebetsi oa tsona oa ho loantša tšoaetso. Lisele tsa B li hlahisa li-antibodies tse potolohang maling le maro a mang a 'mele ho kokobetsa likokoana-hloko. Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo li bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka ho toba. Ho sa le joalo, lisele tsa T tse thusang li sebetsa ka ho lokolla li-cytokine ho tšehetsa le ho ntlafatsa mosebetsi oa lisele tsa B le lisele tsa T tse sebetsang.
4. Sebopeho sa Memori ea Immunological
Ka mora hore tshwaetso e fele, di-lymphocyte tse ding di a arohana ho ba disele tsa memori. Disele tsena tsa memori di dula di le teng mmeleng ka nako e telele mme di nolofalletsa sesole sa mmele ho arabela ka potlako le ka matla tshwaetsong ya bobedi ke pathogen e tshwanang.
Bohlokoa ba Lymphocyte Bophelong bo Botle le Mafung
Katleho ho loantšeng tšoaetso e itšetlehile haholo ka katleho ea karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Li-lymphocyte, ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho lemoha le ho hopola likokoana-hloko ka ho khetheha, li fana ka tšireletso ea bohlokoa ea nako e telele bakeng sa 'mele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho se sebetse hantle ha li-lymphocyte ho ka lebisa mathateng a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Khaello ea sesole sa 'mele
Boemo bona bo etsahala ha karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e sa sebetse hantle, hangata ka lebaka la khaello kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha li-lymphocyte. Khaello ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ka lebisa kotsing e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso.
2. Mafu a Itšireletsang 'Meleng
Mafung a autoimmune, sesole sa 'mele se hlasela lisele tsa' mele ka phoso, e leng se ka kenyelletsang likarabo tse sa lokelang ho tsoa ho li-lymphocyte tsa T le B. Mehlala e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa lupus le lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1.
3. Ho kula ha mmele
Karabelo ea allergy e bakoa ke karabelo e feteletseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ho antigen e se nang kotsi (allergen). Li-lymphocyte li phetha karolo ea ho hokahanya karabelo ena ka ho hlahisa li-antibodies le li-cytokine tse bakang ho ruruha.
Ho koala
Li-lymphocyte, tse nang le karolo ea bohlokoa likarabelong tse itseng tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung, ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea tšireletso ea 'mele. Kutloisiso e tebileng ea mosebetsi oa li-lymphocyte ha e fane feela ka temohisiso ea hore na 'mele o loantša tšoaetso joang empa hape e bula tsela bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e metle ea phekolo ea bongaka, joalo ka liente le li-immunotherapy bakeng sa mafu a fapaneng. Ka ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa tsebo ena, ho tšeptjoa hore re ka ntlafatsa bokhoni ba rona ba ho phekola le ho thibela mafu a nakong e tlang.
