Tšebeliso ea Khopolo-taba e Ntle ea Psychology ho Keletso
Psychology e 'nile ea utloisisoa khale e le saense e shebaneng le mathata, mathata le mokhoa oa ho a fokotsa. Mokhoa ona o bohlokoa haholo, haholo-holo ho phekoleng khatello ea maikutlo, matšoenyeho, likotsi le mathata a mang a kelello. Leha ho le joalo, lilemong tse mashome a mabeli tse fetileng, ho hlahile phallo e matla e tlatsanang le sepheo sena: kelello e ntle. Ho e-na le ho botsa feela "phoso ke efe?", kelello e ntle e boetse e botsa "ke eng e matla?", "ke eng e etsang hore bophelo bo be le morero?", le "motho a ka hola joang?". Moelelong oa boeletsi, likhopolo-taba le mekhoa ea ho kenella ea kelello e ntle li fana ka moralo o molemo oa ho thusa bareki ho haha boiketlo, ho mamella le boleng ba bophelo bo felletseng haholoanyane.
Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Psychology e Ntle
Positive psychology ke lekala la psychology le ithutang matla, makhabane, maikutlo a matle, moelelo bophelong, likamano tse phetseng hantle, le lintlha tse nolofalletsang batho ka bomong le sechaba ho sebetsa hantle. Mohlala o mong o tsebahalang ke mohlala oa PERMA oa Martin Seligman, o khethollang litšiea tse hlano tsa boiketlo: Maikutlo a Matle, Boitlamo, Likamano, Moelelo le Phihlello. Mohlala ona o atisa ho sebelisoa maemong a boeletsi e le "'mapa" oa boiketlo o ka hlahlojoang le bareki.
Ntle le PERMA, kelello e ntle e boetse e totobatsa mehopolo e kang tšepo, tšepo ea 'nete, teboho, kutloelo-bohloko, phallo le matla a botho. Sepheo ha se ho hana liphihlelo tse mpe, empa ho e-na le hoo se ho nts'etsapele mehloli ea kelello e le hore bareki ba khone ho tobana le liphephetso hamolemo, ba hlaphoheloe khatellong ea maikutlo le ho phela bophelo bo nang le morero haholoanyane.
Bohlokoa ba Psychology e Ntle ho Keletso
Mokhoa oa boeletsi, bareki ba bangata ba hlaha ba e-na le litletlebo tse itseng: khatello ea mosebetsi, likhohlano tsa lelapa, ho qhalana ha likamano, tahlehelo, pherekano mosebetsing, kapa maikutlo a ho se be le thuso. Mekhoa ea setso hangata e hatisa ho khetholla bothata, lisosa tsa bona le maano a ho imolla matšoao. Kelello e ntle e tla e le tlatsetso: ntle le ho fokotsa mahlomola, baeletsi ba boetse ba thusa bareki ho ntlafatsa boiketlo ba bona le ho matlafatsa likarolo tsa bona tse seng li ntse li sebetsa hantle.
Tšebeliso ea kelello e ntle e bohlokoa ho batho ba bangata ba fapaneng: bacha ba batlang boitsebahatso, baithuti ba nang le khatello ea maikutlo thutong, basebetsi ba nang le mokhathala o feteletseng, banyalani ba batlang ho ntlafatsa likamano tsa bona, esita le batho ba baholo ba nahanang bocha ka moelelo oa bophelo ba bona. Mokhoa ona o boetse oa thusa likolong, mekhatlong le libakeng tsa litšebeletso tsa sechaba hobane o ka fetoloa ka mokhoa o tenyetsehang.
Melao-motheo ea Tšebeliso ho Keletso
Tšebeliso ea khopolo-taba ea kelello e ntle ho boeletsi hangata e totobatsa melao-motheo e 'maloa ea bohlokoa:
1. Ho shebana le matla: baeletsi ba thusa bareki ho lemoha bokhoni, katleho ea pele le litšobotsi tse ntle tseo hangata li hlokomolohuoang.
2. Khothaletsa tšepo le lipakane: boeletsi ha bo felle feela ho utloisiseng bothata, empa bo lebisa lipakaneng tse hlakileng le tse utloahalang.
3. Ho hlaolela tsebo ea boiketlo: bareki ba ithuta maano a tiileng a ho eketsa maikutlo a matle, likamano le moelelo.
4. Ho aha boits'ireletso: e seng ho felisa khatello ea maikutlo, empa ho matlafatsa bokhoni ba ho tobana le mathata le ho a hlaphoheloa.
5. Ho kopanya maikutlo a fosahetseng ka tsela e phetseng hantle: kelello e ntle ha e hloke hore bareki ba lule ba "thabile", empa ho e-na le hoo e ba tataisa ho utloisisa le ho laola maikutlo a fosahetseng ntle le ho felisa menyetla ea kholo.
Tlhahlobo ea Pele: Ho Khetholla Matla le Litekanyetso
Mehatong ea pele ea boeletsi, moeletsi a ka hlahloba eseng feela matšoao le mathata, empa hape le matla a botho, litekanyetso tsa bophelo, le mehloli ea tšehetso. Mohlala, ka lipotso tse batlisisang: "Hangata ke eng e u thusang ho tsoela pele linakong tse thata?", "Ke neng lekhetlo la ho qetela u ikutloa u le motlotlo ka uena?", kapa "U nka eng e le ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bophelong?"
Baeletsi ba bang ba sebelisa lenane la matla a botho (mohlala, ho latela Matla a Semelo a VIA) ho thusa bareki ho lemoha matla a kang mamello, toka, bohelehele, boqapi, kapa boetapele. Hang ha matla a se a khethollotsoe, baeletsi ba ka khothaletsa bareki ho a sebelisa liphephetsong tseo ba tobanang le tsona. Mohlala, moreki ea ikutloang a sa tšoanelehe mosebetsing a ka ba le matla a "ho ithuta" le "ho mamella" a ka sebelisoang ho nts'etsapele maano a ho ikamahanya le maemo.
Mekhoa e Metle ea ho Keletsa Maikutlo a sa Feleng
Mona ke mekhoa e meng ea ho kenella e sebelisoang hangata ho fana ka likeletso tse ntle tse thehiloeng ho kelello:
1. Tloaelo ea Teboho
Baeletsi ba ka khothaletsa bareki ho boloka bukana ea teboho: ho ngola lintho tse tharo tseo ba li lebohang letsatsi le leng le le leng le hore na hobaneng. Boikoetliso bona bo thusa ho tlosa tlhokomelo ho tloha ho hlokeng ho ea linthong tse lulang li le bohlokoa, leha bophelo bo le boima. Kabong ea likeletso, likoranta tsa teboho li ka hlahlojoa hammoho ho khetholla mekhoa: ha bareki ba fumana teboho e fumaneha habonolo, le hore na ke eng e e sitisang.
2. "Lintho tse Tharo tse Molemo"
Ho tšoana le bukana ea teboho, mokhoa oa "lintho tse tharo tse ntle" o khothalletsa bareki ho ngola liketsahalo tse tharo tse ntle tse etsahetseng letsatsing leo, ho sa tsotelehe hore na li nyane hakae. Sepheo ke ho koetlisa boko ho lemoha liphihlelo tse ntle ka linako tsohle. Bakeng sa bareki ba nang le matšoenyeho a fokolang ho isa ho a mahareng kapa khatello ea maikutlo, boikoetliso bona bo ka thusa ho leka-lekanya leeme le lebe le atisang ho busa.
3. Tlhahlobo le Tšebeliso ea Matla
Hang ha matla a mantlha a se a fumanoe, moeletsi a ka abela mosebetsi oa beke le beke: ho sebelisa matla a mantlha a le mong ka tsela e ncha. Mohlala, moreki ea nang le matla a "mosa" a ka 'na a kōptjoa ho etsa ketso e itseng ea mosa ha a ntse a boloka meeli ho qoba boitelo bo feteletseng.
4. Kenello ea ho Etsa Moelelo
Mathata a mangata a kelello a amana le bothata ba moelelo: "Ke phelela eng?", "Ke hobane'ng ha see se etsahetse?" Baeletsi ba ka thusa ho nahana ka moelelo ka lipale tsa bophelo, ho hlahloba boleng, kapa lipakane tsa nako e telele. Bareki ba khothalletsoa ho hokahanya liphihlelo tse thata le lithuto, lintho tsa bohlokoa bophelong, kapa litsela tse ncha - ntle le ho etsa hore mahlomola a be monate.
5. Boikutloelo-bohloko
Bareki ba bang ba tšoasoa ke ho inyatsa ho feteletseng. Mekhoa ea ho itlhokomela e thusa bareki ho itšoara ka botho haholoanyane: ho amohela mathata, ho utloisisa hore bohle baa hloleha, le ho bua ba le bang ka puo e tšehetsang haholoanyane. Ha ho fanoa ka keletso, sena hangata se kopanngoa le mekhoa ea ho lokisa tsebo kapa ea ho ela hloko.
6. Ho aha Likamano tse Ntle
Likamano ke tšiea ea bohlokoa ea boiketlo. Baeletsi ba ka thusa bareki ho ntlafatsa boleng ba likamano tsa bona ka koetliso ea puisano e tiileng, kutloelo-bohloko, bokhoni ba ho mamela, le mesebetsi ea ho rera e khothalletsang ho atamelana. Kelello e ntle e nka likamano e le ho feta feela ho ba "ntle le likhohlano," empa hape e na le likarolo tsa tšehetso, kananelo le kholo ea bobeli.
Kopanyo le Mekhoa e Meng
Thuto ea kelello e ntle ha e nke sebaka sa mekhoa e meng ea phekolo; e ka kopanngoa. Ka mohlala, ho CBT, ho phaella ho fokotseng ho sotha ha tsebo, baeletsi ba ka kenyelletsa boikoetliso ba teboho kapa mekhoa e thehiloeng matla ho eketsa matla a kelello. Mokhoeng oa botho, thuto ea kelello e ntle e tsamaisana le ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho itlhahlobeng le bokhoni ba motho. Esita le keletsong e thehiloeng likotsing, mekhoa e metle ea thuto ea kelello—ka hloko—e ka thusa ho holisa matla le kholo ea kamora koluoa, hafeela netefatso ea kotsi e ntse e le ntho ea bohlokoa.
Liphephetso le Boitšoaro ba ho Kena Ts'ebetsong
Leha ho le molemo, ho sebelisa kelello e ntle ho hloka ho nahana ka likotsi tse 'maloa. Ea pele, ho na le kotsi ea ho ba le maikutlo a chefo, takatso ea ho "lula u le motle," e leng se hatellang maikutlo a mabe le ho etsa hore bareki ba ikutloe ba le molato ka ho hlonama kapa ho halefa. Baeletsi ba hloka ho hatisa hore maikutlo a mabe a tloaelehile 'me a na le mosebetsi. Ea bobeli, mekhoa ea ho kenella e tlameha ho etsoa ho latela maemo a setso le maemo a moreki. Mohlala, bareki ba bang ba ka 'na ba thatafalloa ke ho ngola tlaleho ka lebaka la lithibelo tsa nako, tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola, kapa likhetho tsa botho. Ea boraro, baeletsi ba tlameha ho nahana ka botebo ba bothata; mathateng a tebileng, mekhoa ea ho kenella ea kelello e ntle e tlameha ho tsamaea le tsamaiso e loketseng ea bongaka.
Ho koala
Tšebeliso ea khopolo-taba ea kelello e ntle ho boeletsi e ntlafatsa mokhoa oa tšehetso ea kelello ka ho totobatsa matla, moelelo le boiketlo, ntle le ho hlokomoloha linnete tsa mahlomola. Ka moralo o kang PERMA le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso - teboho, matla, kutloelo-bohloko, ho aha likamano le ho batla moelelo - baeletsi ba ka thusa bareki eseng feela "ho rarolla mathata" empa hape le ho haha maphelo a felletseng le a nang le moelelo. Qetellong, sepheo sa boeletsi ha se feela ho fokotsa matšoao, empa ke ho tšehetsa bareki ho ba le botsitso haholoanyane, ho ba le temoho haholoanyane, le ho khona ho phela maphelo a nang le boiketlo bo boholo ba kelello.
