Tšebeliso ea Metsoako ea Polymer Bophelong
Li-polymer ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tsa metsoako ea lik'hemik'hale e amanang haufi-ufi le bophelo ba batho ba mehleng ena. Hoo e ka bang ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe eo re e amang—ho tloha lijaneng tsa ho noa le liaparo ho ea ho lisebelisoa tsa bongaka esita le likarolo tsa likoloi—e amana le li-polymer. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, li-polymer li ka hlalosoa e le limolek'hule tse kholo (li-macromolecule) tse entsoeng ka li-unit tse nyane tse pheta-phetoang tse bitsoang li-monomers. Ha li-monomers tsena li kopana ka liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale, liketane tse telele li thehoa ka thepa e ikhethang: li ka tenyetseha kapa tsa tiea, tsa hlaka kapa tsa se bonahale, tsa hanela mocheso kapa tsa qhibilihisa habonolo, 'me tsa hanela tšusumetso kapa tsa bola habonolo. Ho ikhetha hona ke hona ho etsang hore li-polymer li be le thepa ea bohlokoa masimong a fapaneng.
Tlhaloso le Mefuta ea Li-polymer
Ho latela tšimoloho ea tsona, li-polymer li arotsoe ka li-polymer tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso. Li-polymer tsa tlhaho ke li-polymer tse fumanoang tlhahong, joalo ka cellulose ka har'a lehong le k'hothone, starch ka har'a li-tuber, liprotheine tse phelang, le rabara ea tlhaho e tsoang lero la limela. Li-polymer tsa maiketsetso ke li-polymer tse entsoeng ke batho ka lits'ebetso tsa indasteri, joalo ka polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), le polyester.
Ho phaella moo, di-polymer di ka hlophiswa ho latela boitshwaro ba tsona ka mocheso: di-thermoplastic le di-thermoset. Di-thermoplastic di ka qhibilihiswa le ho bōptjoa botjha kgafetsa, e leng se etsang hore di be bonolo ho di sebedisa hape (mohlala, PE, PP, PET). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, di-thermoset di thatafala ka ho sa feleng ka mora ho futhumala le ho bopa; thepa ena e thata ho e sebedisa hape (mohlala, di-resin tsa Bakelite le epoxy). Ho utlwisisa mefuta ena ya di-polymer ho thusa ho fumana hore na di sebediswa jwang setjhabeng.
Li-polymer tse Paketeng le Lisebelisoa tsa Ntlo
E 'ngoe ea mekhoa e atileng haholo ea ho sebelisa li-polymer ke ho paka. Li-plastiki tse kang PE le PP li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa mekotla ea mabenkele, liphutheloana tsa lijo, libotlolo le lijana tsa polokelo. PET (polyethylene terephthalate) e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa libotlolo tsa lino hobane e bobebe, e matla ebile e bonaletsa. Ka tlung, li-polymer li fumanoa linthong tse fapaneng: libakete, libese, litulo tsa polasetiki, liraka tsa polokelo, esita le liphahlo tse sa khomareleng lipane tse sebelisang li-polymer tsa fluorine joalo ka PTFE.
Melemo ea li-polymer ka har'a liphutheloana e kenyelletsa boima ba tsona bo bobebe, litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, le bonolo ba ho bopa meralo e itseng. Ho feta moo, li-polymer tse ling li ka sebetsa e le litšitiso mouoaneng oa metsi le likhase, li thusa ho boloka boleng ba lijo. Leha ho le joalo, tšebeliso ea liphutheloana tsa polymer e boetse e baka liphephetso tsa tikoloho haeba e sa laoloe hantle, haholo-holo ka litšila tsa polasetiki tse sebelisoang hanngoe feela.
Li-polymer tsa masela le liaparo
Indasteri ea masela le eona e itšetlehile haholo ka li-polymer. Likhoele tsa maiketsetso tse kang polyester, nylon le acrylic ke mehlala ea li-polymer tse entsoeng khoele ebe li lohuoa ka lesela. Polyester e tumme ka ho hanyetsa ha eona makukuno, ho oma kapele le matla a lekanyelitsoeng. Nylon e sebelisoa haholo liaparong tsa lipapali, mekotla le lisebelisoa tsa kantle ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ho khoptjoa le ho tenyetseha ha eona. Khabareng, acrylic e atisa ho sebelisoa e le sebaka sa ulu ka lebaka la mofuthu oa eona.
Li-polymer tsa tlhaho le tsona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa sebakeng sena. K'hothone e entsoe ka cellulose, polymer ea tlhaho e phutholohang le e monyang mofufutso. Ulu le silika ke li-polymer tsa tlhaho, tse thehiloeng protheineng tse li fang litšobotsi tsa tsona tse ikhethang: ulu e futhumetse ebile ea tenyetseha, silika e boreleli ebile ea benya. Hangata ho khethoa motsoako oa likhoele tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso ho fihlela botsitso lipakeng tsa boiketlo, ho tšoarella le litšenyehelo.
Li-polymers Bophelong bo Botle le Bongaka
Lekala la tlhokomelo ea bophelo ke le leng la makala a ruileng molemo haholo ntlafatsong ea thepa ea polymer. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa bongaka li entsoe ka li-polymer hobane ha li na likokoana-hloko, li bobebe, 'me li ka sebelisoa li le ling ho thibela phetiso ea mafu. Mehlala e kenyelletsa li-syringe, liphaephe tsa IV, mekotla ea mali, liatlana tsa bongaka, limaske le liphutheloana tse fapaneng tsa meriana.
Ho feta moo, di-polymer di sebediswa theknolojing ya ho kenya le boenjiniere ba dinama. Di-suture tsa opereishene di ka etswa ka di-polymer tse bolang, kahoo ha ho hlokahale hore di tloswe. Disebediswa tse kang polylactide (PLA) le polyglycolide (PGA) di ka senyeha butle-butle mmeleng. Mefuta e meng ya di-hydrogel—di-polymer tse ka bolokang metsi a mangata—le yona e sebediswa dilenseng tsa mahlo, di-dressing tsa maqeba tsa sejwalejwale, le ditsamaisong tsa ho fana ka meriana tse laolang ho lokollwa ha dithethefatsi butle.
Li-polymer tsa Lipalangoang le Indasteri
Makala a likoloi le a lipalangoang, li-polymer li sebelisoa ho fokotsa boima ba likoloi le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso e ntle ea mafura. Likarolo tse ngata tsa kahare, joalo ka li-dashboard, liphanele tsa mamati le upholstery ea litulo, li sebelisa li-polymer. Ho feta moo, metsoako e thehiloeng ho polymer e matlafalitsoeng ke faeba (mohlala, fiberglass kapa faeba ea carbon) e sebelisoa likoloing tse itseng ka lebaka la matla a tsona empa e le boima bo bobebe.
Indastering, li-polymer li teng ka har'a liphaephe (PVC), liphahlo tsa cable, litiiso le li-gasket, lipente tse sireletsang le likhomaretsi. Li-resin tsa epoxy le polyurethane li tsebahala ka ho khomarela le ho tšoarella ha tsona hantle, e leng se etsang hore li be molemo ho liphahlo tsa fektheri, likarolo tsa elektroniki le kaho. Li-polymer li sebelisoa haholo e le li-insulator tsa motlakase ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho thibela motlakase le ho mamella maemo a itseng a tikoloho.
Li-polymer tsa Elektroniki le Theknoloji ea Sejoale-joale
Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le eona e khanna boqapi ho li-polymer tse khethehileng. Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa elektroniki li sebelisa li-polymer e le li-insulator, li-sheath tsa cable, li-casing, le likarolo tse sireletsang likarolo. Lipontšo tse tenyetsehang le mefuta e meng ea li-sensor li sebelisa li-polymer tse tsamaisang motlakase, li-polymer tse ka tsamaisang motlakase ka mor'a ho fetoloa. Ho feta moo, li-polymer li sebelisoa libetering le liseleng tse itseng tsa letsatsi e le karolo ea polymer electrolyte kapa sekoahelo sa filimi e tšesaane se thusang ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea matla.
Mehleng ea kajeno, lipatlisiso mabapi le li-biopolymer le li-polymer tse sireletsang tikoloho le tsona li matlafalitsoe. Sepheo ke ho hlahisa thepa e bolokang ts'ebetso empa e na le tšusumetso e tlase tikolohong, joalo ka polasetiki e bolang habonolo kapa e ka sebelisoang hape ka katleho.
Liphephetso tsa Tikoloho le Maiteko a Tharollo
Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ea tsona e meholo, tšebeliso ea li-polymer - haholo-holo li-plastiki - e baka mathata a tebileng a litšila. Li-plastic tse sa laoleheng li ka silafatsa mobu, linoka le maoatle, 'me li ka fetoha li-microplastic tse kenang ketane ea lijo. Phephetso ena ha e bakoe feela ke hore li-polymer li "mpe," empa e bakoa ke tšebeliso e se nang boikarabelo le mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea bofelo ba bophelo.
Litharollo tse fapaneng li ntse li tsoela pele ho ntlafatsoa, ho tloha ho fokotseng polasetiki e sebelisoang hanngoe, ho ntlafatsa litsamaiso tsa ho sebelisa hape, ho ea ho boqapi ba thepa joalo ka li-bioplastics. Mohlala oa bioplastic ke PLA, e entsoeng ka mehloli e nchafatsoang joalo ka starch ea poone kapa 'moba. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore ha se li-bioplastics tsohle tse bolang ka bohona tikolohong e bulehileng; tse ling li hloka maemo a khethehileng, joalo ka libaka tsa indasteri tsa ho etsa manyolo. Ka hona, thuto ea sechaba le maano a taolo ea litšila a ntse a le bohlokoa.
Ho koala
Li-polymer ke metsoako e bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho tloha ho liphutheloana tsa lijo le liaparo ho isa lisebelisoa tsa bongaka le lipalangoang ho isa theknoloji ea elektroniki, li-polymer li fana ka boiketlo, katleho le boqapi. Thepa ea tsona e phahameng—e bobebe, e matla, e tenyetsehang, le e bonolo ho e sebelisa—e etsa hore li-polymer e be thepa e matla lits'ebetsong tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, melemo ena ea bohlokoa e tlameha ho leka-lekana le tšebeliso e nang le boikarabelo le taolo ea litšila. Ka ho amohela mekhoa ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso e le 'ngoe, ho hlopha le ho sebelisa hape, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea li-polymer tse sireletsang tikoloho, re ka tsoela pele ho natefeloa ke melemo ea li-polymer ntle le ho beha bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho kotsing. Kahoo, li-polymer ha se letšoao la tsoelo-pele ea lintho tse bonahalang feela, empa hape ke karolo ea tharollo ea mokhoa oa bophelo o tsitsitseng haholoanyane.
