Mesebetsi ea Li-amino Acids 'Meleng
Li-amino acid ke tsona tse etsang protheine ea mantlha, tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa hoo e batlang e le ts'ebetsong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea baeloji 'meleng oa motho. Ha re ja lijo tse nang le protheine e ngata—joalo ka nama, tlhapi, mahe, lebese, linate le tempeh—'mele o qhaqha protheine hore e be li-amino acid. Li-amino acid tsena li sebelisoa hape ho haha le ho lokisa lisele, ho hlahisa li-enzyme le lihormone, esita le ho tšehetsa sesole sa 'mele. Ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea tsona e mengata, li-amino acid hangata li bitsoa "li-building blood", tse thusang 'mele ho lula o phetse hantle le ho sebetsa hantle.
Li-amino acid ke eng?
Ha re bua ka bokhutšoanyane, li-amino acid ke limolek'hule tse entsoeng ka khabone, haedrojene, oksijene, naetrojene, 'me, maemong a mang, sebabole. 'Mele oa motho o sebelisa li-amino acid tse ka bang 20 tsa bohlokoa ho etsa liprotheine. Li-amino acid tsena li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo: li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa, tse seng tsa bohlokoa, le tse hlokahalang maemong a itseng.
1. Li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa ke li-amino acid tseo 'mele o ke keng oa li hlahisa ka bongata bo lekaneng 'me ka hona li lokela ho fumanoa lijong.
2. Li-amino acid tse seng tsa bohlokoa li ka etsoa ke 'mele ka booona.
3. Hangata li-amino acid tse nang le maemo li ka hlahisoa ke 'mele, empa tlas'a maemo a itseng—a kang bokuli, khatello ea maikutlo e matla, kotsi, kapa kholo—tlhoko ea eketseha hoo ho hlokahalang hore ho jeoe lijo tse ling hape.
Ho utloisisa mefuta ea li-amino acid ho bohlokoa e le hore re tle re hlokomele hore na ke hobane'ng ha lijo tse leka-lekaneng tse nang le protheine e ntle li hlokahala haholo ho tšehetsa bophelo bo botle.
Mesebetsi ea Li-amino Acids 'Meleng
1. Ho Haha le ho Lokisa Dinama tsa Mmele
Mosebetsi o tsebahalang haholo oa li-amino acid ke ho etsa liprotheine, tse hlokahalang ho haha le ho lokisa lisele. Mesifa, letlalo, moriri, manala le litho tse fapaneng tsa 'mele li hloka protheine e le litene tsa kaho. Ha tšenyo ea lisele e etsahala—mohlala, kamora boikoetliso, kotsi, kapa nakong ea pholiso ea maqeba—'mele o hloka li-amino acid ho potlakisa tokiso ea lisele le tsosoloso ea lisele.
Bakeng sa baatlelete ba mafolofolo, li-amino acid li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa ha mesifa. Li-amino acid tse itseng, tse kang leucine, isoleucine, le valine (hangata tse tsejoang e le BCAAs), li ameha tlhahisong ea protheine ea mesifa 'me li thusa ho fokotsa tšenyo ea mesifa kamora ho ikoetlisa ka matla.
2. Ho Theha Li-enzyme tse Laolang Likarabelo tsa Metabolic
Li-enzyme ke "li-catalyst" tse potlakisang liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale 'meleng—ho kenyeletsoa tšilo ea lijo, tlhahiso ea matla, ho thehoa ha DNA, le lits'ebetso tse ling tse ngata. Li-enzyme li entsoe haholo-holo ka liprotheine, tse nkiloeng ho li-amino acid. Ntle le li-amino acid tse lekaneng, tlhahiso ea li-enzyme e ka fokotseha, e leng se fellang ka lits'ebetso tse sa sebetseng hantle tsa metabolism.
Mohlala, dienzyme tsa tshilo ya dijo di thusa ho qhaqha dikhabohaedreite, mafura le diprotheine hore e be dibopeho tse monyehang. Haeba tshebetso ya dienzyme e sitiswa, mmele o ka ba le mathata a tshilo ya dijo le ho monya dikotla.
3. E Thusa Tlhahiso ea Lihormone le ho Laola Mesebetsi ea 'Mele
Lihormone tse ngata li entsoe ka li-amino acid kapa liprotheine. Lihormone li sebetsa e le "manģosa" a laolang mesebetsi e fapaneng—ho tloha khōlong le metabolismng ho ea maikutlong esita le tsamaisong ea ho ikatisa.
Mohlala, hormone ea insulin, e laolang maemo a tsoekere maling, ke hormone e thehiloeng protheineng. Ntle le phepelo e lekaneng ea li-amino acid, tlhahiso ea lihormone tse itseng e ka sitisoa, e leng se amang botsitso ba litsamaiso tsa 'mele.
4. E tšehetsa Sistimi ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Sistimi ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e hloka liprotheine ho etsa li-antibodies le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa tšireletso ea 'mele. Li-antibodies ke liprotheine tse thusang 'mele ho lemoha le ho loantša livaerase, libaktheria le lintho tse ling tse tsoang linaheng tse ling. Li-amino acid li boetse li sebelisoa ho theha lisele tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung le limolek'hule tse laolang likarabelo tsa ho ruruha.
Haeba ho ja protheine le amino acid ho sa lekana, motho a ka 'na a tšoaetsoa habonolo, pholiso ea maqeba e ka lieha, 'me ho fola ho ka nka nako e telele ho tloha bokuling.
5. Eba Mohlodi wa Matla Ha o Hlokahala
Leha mehlodi ya matla a mantlha a mmele e le dikhabohaedreite le mafura, di-amino acid di ka boela tsa sebediswa bakeng sa matla ha ho ja di-caloric tse sa lekaneng. Nakong ya ho itima dijo nako e telele, dijo tse nang le di-calorie tse tlase haholo, kapa ho ikoetlisa ka matla ntle le ho ja matla a lekaneng, mmele o ka arola protheine hore e be di-amino acid bakeng sa matla.
Leha ho le jwalo, ho sebedisa di-amino acid bakeng sa matla ha ho a loka, kaha protheine e lokela ho tsepamiswa maikutlo haholo tokisong le tlhokomelong ya dinama. Haeba sena se tswela pele ka nako e telele, mmele o ka lahlehelwa ke mesifa.
6. E Thusa ho Tsamaisa le ho Boloka Lintho tsa Bohlokoa
Liprotheine tse ling li sebetsa ho tsamaisa kapa ho boloka lintho tsa bohlokoa maling. Ka mohlala, hemoglobin e tsamaisa oksijene ho tloha matšoafong ho pholletsa le 'mele. Hemoglobin e entsoe ka li-amino acid, 'me boteng ba eona bo bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore litho li fumana oksijene e lekaneng.
Ho phaella moo, diprotheine di na le mafura, divithamine tse qhibilihang mafura, le diminerale tse itseng e le hore di ka sebediswa ke disele tsa mmele. Ka mantswe a mang, di-amino acid ha di hahe sebopeho sa mmele feela empa di boetse di tshehetsa kabo ya dikotla.
7. Boloka Tekanyo ea Mokelikeli le pH
Liprotheine tse maling li thusa ho boloka tekanyo ea mokelikeli pakeng tsa methapo ea mali le lisele. Ha maemo a itseng a protheine a le tlase, tekanyo ea mokelikeli e ka sitisoa 'me mohlomong ea lebisa ho ruruha (edema).
Li-amino acid le tsona li thusa ho boloka botsitso ba acid-base (pH) ea 'mele ka litsamaiso tsa buffer. 'Mele oa motho o tlameha ho boloka pH ea mali ka har'a sebaka se senyenyane hore litho li sebetse hantle. Tekanyo ea pH e sitisitsoeng e ka ama ts'ebetso ea enzyme, metabolism le ts'ebetso ea litho.
8. E tšehetsa Mosebetsi oa Boko le Maikutlo
Li-amino acid tse ling li sebetsa e le li-precursor tsa li-neurotransmitter, lik'hemik'hale tse thusang lisele tsa methapo ho buisana. Mohlala:
– Tryptophan e amahanngoa le tlhahiso ea serotonin, e phethang karolo ea ho laola maikutlo le boroko.
– Tyrosine e hokahantsoe le tlhahiso ea dopamine le norepinephrine, tse susumetsang khothatso, ho tsepamisa maikutlo le karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo.
Ka hona, ho ja amino acid e lekaneng ho ka tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea kelello le botsitso ba maikutlo, leha lintlha tsa kelello le mokhoa oa bophelo li ntse li bapala karolo e kholo.
Mehloli ea Li-amino Acid tse tsoang Lijong
Mehloli e metle ka ho fetisisa ea li-amino acid e tsoa lijong tse nang le protheine e ngata. Ka kakaretso, liprotheine tsa liphoofolo (nama, tlhapi, mahe le lebese) li nkoa e le "liprotheine tse felletseng" hobane li na le li-amino acid tsohle tsa bohlokoa ka bongata bo lekaneng. Leha ho le joalo, liprotheine tsa limela li ka boela tsa fihlela litlhoko tsa li-amino acid ha li kopantsoe ka nepo, mohlala:
– Raese e nang le linaoa
– Borotho ba koro bo felletseng bo nang le botoro ea peanut
– Tempeh e nang le meroho le lijo-thollo
Bakeng sa batho ba jang lijo tsa meroho kapa tsa vegan, mehloli e fapaneng ea protheine e thehiloeng limela ke ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore li-amino acid tsohle tsa bohlokoa lia finyelloa.
Ho koala
Li-amino acid li bohlokoa bakeng sa bophelo bo botle, kaha li ameha ho thehoeng ha mesifa le lisele, tlhahiso ea li-enzyme le lihormone, tšehetso ea sesole sa 'mele, esita le ts'ebetsong ea boko. Ka ho ja lijo tse leka-lekaneng le tse fapaneng tse nang le protheine e ngata, 'mele o fumana li-amino acid tse lekaneng ho etsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa. Qetellong, ho boloka protheine e jeoa ha se feela taba ea ho haha mesifa, empa hape ke ho tšehetsa hoo e ka bang litsamaiso tsohle tsa 'mele hore li sebetse hantle letsatsi le leng le le leng.
