Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Tharollo e Tloaelehileng
Tharollo e tloaelehileng ke tharollo e sebelisoang e le litšupiso litekong le litlhahlobong tse fapaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale. Litharollo tsena li na le mahloriso a tsejoang 'me li sebelisoa khafetsa ho li-titrations, tlhahlobo ea bongata, le netefatso ea mokhoa oa tlhahlobo. Ho lokisa litharollo tse nepahetseng tse tloaelehileng ke tsebo ea bohlokoa ea motheo laboratoring ea k'hemistri. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa mehato ea bohlokoa ea ho lokisa tharollo e tloaelehileng, mefuta ea litharollo tse tloaelehileng, le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tse sebetsang.
Mokhahlelo oa Boitokisetso
1. Lokisetsa Lisebelisoa le Lisebelisoa
Mohato oa pele oa ho etsa tharollo e tloaelehileng ke ho lokisa thepa le lisebelisoa tse hlokahalang. Mona ke lethathamo la lisebelisoa tsa motheo tse hlokahalang hangata:
– Lik'hemik'hale tse hloekileng (lintho tse tloaelehileng)
- Tekanyo e nepahetseng ea tlhahlobo
– Tekanyo ea kopi kapa pipette ea volumetric
– Folakha ea bophahamo ba modumo
– Metsi a hloekisitsoeng kapa a hloekisitsoeng
– Liatlana le likhalase tse sireletsang
Etsa bonnete ba hore o sebelisa lik'hemik'hale tse hloekileng haholo 'me kamehla u hlahlobe letsatsi la ho fela pele u sebelisa.
2. Ho Fumana Khatello ea Tharollo
Ho fumana hore na ho na le khakanyo e hlokahalang ea tharollo ke mohato oa pele oa ho etsa tharollo e tloaelehileng. Khakanyo hangata e hlalosoa ka molarity (M), e leng palo ea li-moles tsa solute ka litara ea tharollo. Foromo ea motheo ea ho bala molarity ke:
\[ M = \frac{n}{V} \]
moo \( n \) e leng palo ea li-moles tsa solute le \( V \) e leng bophahamo bohle ba tharollo ka lilithara.
Mohlala, haeba o batla ho etsa tharollo ea sodium chloride (NaCl) ea 1 M ka litara e le 1, o hloka ho bala boima ba NaCl bo lekanang le mole e le 1. Boima ba molar ba NaCl bo ka ba ligrama tse 58,44/mol. Kahoo, o hloka ligrama tse 58,44 tsa NaCl ho etsa tharollo ea 1 M.
Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Tharollo e Tloaelehileng
1. Ho Lekanya Lintho tse Tloaelehileng
Lekanya ntho e tloaelehileng u sebelisa tekanyo e nepahetseng haholo ea tlhahlobo. Netefatsa hore tekanyo e lekantsoe 'me e hloekile pele u e sebelisa. Kamora ho lekanya ntho, ngola boima ka hloko.
2. Lintho tse Qhibilihang ka Metsing
Fetisetsa ntho e lekantsweng ka hara flaske kapa beaker e nang le dikotlolo tse ngata. Kenya metsi a lekaneng a hlwekisitsweng ho qhibilihisa ntho eo. Haeba ntho eo e le thata ho qhibilihisa, o ka e qhibilihisa o sebedisa stirrer ya makenete kapa molamu o qhibilihisang.
3. Fetisetsa ka har'a flask ea ho lekanya
Hang ha ntho e qhibilihile ka ho feletseng, fetisetsa tharollo ho flask ea volumetric kapa flask ea volumetric ea bophahamo bo hlokahalang. Sebelisa funeli ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ntho.
4. Tlatsa ho fihlela Bukeng ea Letšoao
Kenya metsi a hloekisitsoeng kapa a hloekisitsoeng ka har'a flask ea volumetric ho fihlela a fihla letšoao la volume le lakatsehang. Etsa bonnete ba hore u a tlatsa letšoao la volume ka hloko bakeng sa ho nepahala ho hoholo.
5. Homogenization
Kwala flask ea volumetric 'me u sisinye butle ho netefatsa hore tharollo e ts'oanang. U se ke ua kopanya ka matla haholo, kaha sena se ka baka lipululana tsa moea tse ka amang molumo oa ho qetela.
Netefatso le Polokelo
1. Netefatso ea ho Tsepamisa Maikutlo
Hang ha tharollo e se e lokisitsoe, netefatsa hore na e na le mahloriso a makae u sebelisa mokhoa o loketseng oa tlhahlobo, haeba ho khoneha. Sena se ka 'na sa kenyelletsa titration ka tharollo e tloaelehileng kapa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse kang spectrophotometer.
2. Penyimpanan
Boloka tharollo ka botlolong e ngotsweng ka letsoho, e koetsoeng ka thata ho qoba tšilafalo. Fumana maemo a loketseng a polokelo (mohlala, mocheso kapa khanya) ho boloka botsitso ba tharollo e tloaelehileng. Boloka ka har'a khabinete ea lik'hemik'hale haeba ho hlokahala.
Mohlala oa ho Etsa Tharollo e Tloaelehileng ea NaOH ea 0,1 M
Mohlala o bonolo oa ho etsa tharollo e tloaelehileng ke ho etsa tharollo ea sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ea 0,1 M. Mehato ke ena:
1. Bala boima ba NaOH bo hlokahalang: Boima ba molar ba NaOH bo ka ba digrama tse 40/mol. Ho etsa tharollo ya 0,1 M ka litara e le 1, ho hlokahala digrama tse 4 tsa NaOH (0,1 mol × 40 g/mol).
2. Boima: Bekha digrama tse 4 tsa NaOH o sebedisa tekanyo ya tlhahlobo.
3. Qhibilihisa: Qhibilihisa NaOH ka metsi a manyane a hloekisitsoeng ka beaker.
4. Fetisetsa ho flask e nang le botenya: Fetisetsa tharollo ho flask e nang le botenya ba litara e le 1 u sebelisa funeli.
5. Tlatsa ho fihlela letšoao: Kenya metsi a hloekisitsoeng ho fihlela a fihla letšoao la litara e le 'ngoe.
6. Homogenization: Sisinya flask butle ho netefatsa hore tharollo e ts'oanang.
Litšebeliso tse Tloaelehileng tsa Tharollo
1. Tekanyo ea ho Fetola
Litharollo tse tloaelehileng hangata li sebelisoa ho titrations, moo titrant ea mahloriso a tsejoang e sebelisoang ho fumana mahloriso a analyte sampole.
2. Tekanyo ea Lisebelisoa tsa Tlhahlobo
Litharollo tse tloaelehileng li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lekanya lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse kang high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-Vis spectrophotometers, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhahlobo ho netefatsa liphetho tse nepahetseng.
3. Netefatso ea Mokhoa
Ntlafatsong ea mekhoa ea tlhahlobo, litharollo tse tloaelehileng lia hlokahala ho lekola ho nepahala, ho nepahala, ho lekana, le moeli oa ho lemoha oa mokhoa o ntlafalitsoeng.
4. Taolo ea Boleng
Litharollo tse tloaelehileng li sebelisoa khafetsa taolong ea boleng ho netefatsa botsitso le ho nepahala ha sehlahisoa indastering ea meriana, lijo le lik'hemik'hale.
Qetello
Ho etsa ditharollo tse tloaelehileng ho hloka ho nepahala le ho nepahala mohatong o mong le o mong oa ts'ebetso, ho tloha ho lokiseng thepa le lisebelisoa, ho fumana mahloriso, ho isa ho netefatsong le polokelong. Tokiso e nepahetseng ea litharollo tse tloaelehileng e bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa laboratori le tsa indasteri. Ka ho utloisisa le ho latela mekhoa e nepahetseng, u ka netefatsa ho nepahala ha litharollo tsa hau tse tloaelehileng, e leng se tlatsetsang ho tšepahala ha liphetho tsa hau tsa tlhahlobo.
