Karolo ea Plankton Moketjaneng oa Lijo tsa Leoatleng
Plankton, le hoja hangata e sa bonahale mahlong a hlobotse, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tikolohong e kholo le e rarahaneng ea leoatle. Plankton ke lintho tse phelang tse nyenyane tse phelang ka har'a kholomo ea metsi 'me li theha motheo oa ketane ea lijo tsa leoatleng. Li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e meholo: phytoplankton (plankton ea limela) le zooplankton (plankton ea liphoofolo). Lihlopha tsena tse peli li sebelisana haufi-ufi 'me li theha motheo oa mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang metsing. Sengoloa sena se tla teba haholoanyane mesebetsing le karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ea plankton tikolohong ea leoatle.
Phytoplankton: Bahlahisi ba ka Sehloohong Leoatleng
Phytoplankton ke dimela tse nyenyane haholo tse etsang photosynthesis, e leng mokhoa oa ho fetola khanya ea letsatsi, carbon dioxide, le limatlafatsi hore e be matla le oksijene. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hlahisa oksijene le matla, phytoplankton hangata e nkoa e le bahlahisi ba mantlha leoatleng—ba sebetsa joalo ka limela tse phelang tikolohong ea lefatše. Ka photosynthesis, phytoplankton e hlahisa hoo e ka bang 50% ea oksijene eohle Lefatšeng, e leng se etsang hore e be ea bohlokoa eseng feela tikolohong ea leoatle empa le bophelong lefatšeng lohle.
Mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea phytoplankton e kenyelletsa diatoms, dinoflagellates, le cyanobacteria. Diatoms li na le likhetla tsa silica tse etsang meralo e rarahaneng le e makatsang tlas'a microscope. Li-dinoflagellates hangata li tsejoa ka thepa ea tsona ea bioluminescent, li etsa lipontšo tse ntle bosiu. Ha e le hantle, cyanobacteria ke tse ling tsa lintho tse phelang tsa khale ka ho fetisisa Lefatšeng 'me li bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa ho thehoeng ha oksijene ea sepakapaka ea pele.
Zooplankton: Bareki ba ka Sehloohong Inthaneteng ea Lijo
Zooplankton ke diphoofolo tse nyenyane haholo, ho fapana le phytoplankton, tse sa etseng photosynthesize empa ho e-na le hoo di itshetlehile ka phytoplankton bakeng sa mohlodi wa dijo tsa tsona. Zooplankton e ka ba le mefuta e fapaneng ya diphedi, ho tloha ho protozoa ho isa ho diboko tsa ditlhapi le di-crustacean. Zooplankton e sebetsa e le bareki ba mantlha ketane ya dijo tsa lewatleng mme e fana ka borokho ba bohlokwa pakeng tsa phytoplankton le maemo a hodimo a trophic.
Li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fetiseng matla ho tloha ho phytoplankton ho ea ho mefuta e fapaneng ea liphoofolo tse jang tse kholo, joalo ka litlhapi tse nyane le li-shrimp, esita le liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng joalo ka maruarua a baleen. Mefuta e meng e tloaelehileng ea zooplankton e kenyelletsa li-copepod, krill le jellyfish. Krill, haholo-holo, ke mohloli oa lijo oa mantlha bakeng sa mefuta e mengata e meholo, ho kenyeletsoa le maruarua a maputsoa.
Tšebelisano ea Phytoplankton le Zooplankton
Libakeng tsa tikoloho ea leoatle, botsitso ba baahi ba phytoplankton le zooplankton bo sebelisana ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang le ho fetoha kamehla ho latela maemo a tikoloho a kang mocheso, letsoai le ho fumaneha ha limatlafatsi. Khōlo ea phytoplankton hangata e susumetsoa ke ho fumaneha ha limatlafatsi tse kang naetrojene le phosphate, hammoho le boemo ba khanya ea letsatsi. Ha maemo ana a loketse, phytoplankton e ka ikatisa ka potlako ketsahalong e tsejoang e le "palesa ea bolele."
Zooplankton e itshetlehile ka phytoplankton bakeng sa dijo. Ha dimela tsa phytoplankton di thunya, palo ya tsona e a eketseha ka lebaka la phepelo e ngata ya dijo. Leha ho le jwalo, tekatekano ena e a fokola, kaha diphetoho tsa tikoloho di ka baka hore palo ya tsona ya phytoplankton e fokotsehe, e leng se ka lebisang ho fokotseheng ha palo ya tsona le mefuta ya diphoofolo tse jang tse itshetlehileng ka tsona.
Tšusumetso ea Plankton ho Biogeochemistry ea Leoatle
Plankton e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tsa biogeochemical tsa leoatleng. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea potoloho ea khabone hobane phytoplankton e fetola khabone dioxide hore e be lintho tse phelang ka photosynthesis. Kamora lefu, phytoplankton e ka teba fatše leoatleng, e tsamaisa khabone e phelang ho tloha sepakapakeng ho ea libakeng tsa leoatle ka mokhoa o tsejoang e le "pompo ea baeloji." Sena se thusa ho laola bongata ba khabone dioxide sepakapakeng le ho susumetsa boemo ba leholimo ba lefats'e.
Plankton le yona e ameha potolohong ya dikotla tsa lewatle. Ha zooplankton le phytoplankton di shwa kapa di jewa ke diphoofolo tse jang tse ding, di sebedisa dikotla tse ka sebediswang ke phytoplankton e ntseng e phela. Tshebetso ena e boloka ho fumaneha ha dikotla metsing mme e tshehetsa tlhahiso e tswelang pele ya ditikoloho tsa lewatle.
Tšusumetso ea Plankton ho Litlhapi le Moruo oa Leoatle
Boteng ba plankton e phetseng hantle le e ngata bo tšehetsa ka ho toba litlhapi tsa lefats'e, tse fanang ka lijo le mekhoa ea boipheliso bakeng sa batho ba limilione lefatšeng ka bophara. Plankton, ka ho sebeletsa e le mohloli oa lijo oa mantlha bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi, e ama ka ho toba palo ea litlhapi tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo tse kang sardine, tuna le cod.
Ho fokotseha ha Plankton ka lebaka la tšilafalo, phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, kapa tšenyo ea libaka tsa leoatle ho ka lebisa ho putlameng ha palo ea litlhapi, e leng se amang indasteri ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le moruo oa likepe. Ho sireletsa libaka tsa plankton ka maano a tikoloho a sebetsang ka potlako ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka tikoloho ea leoatle e phetseng hantle le botsitso ba moruo oa lefats'e oa ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Liphephetso le Litšokelo ho Baahi ba Plankton
Ho sa tsotellehe karolo ea tsona ea bohlokoa tikolohong ea leoatle, plankton e tobane le litšokelo tse ngata tse tsoang mesebetsing ea batho le phetoho ea tikoloho ea lefats'e. Tšilafalo ea phepo e tsoang temong le lithōle tsa indasteri e ka lebisa ho eutrophication, e leng se ka bakang maemo a chefo moo maemo a oksijene leoatleng a leng tlase haholo ho tšehetsa bophelo. Ho feta moo, phetoho ea tlelaemete e baka ho futhumala ha lefats'e le ho ba le asiti ea leoatle, e leng se sitisang photosynthesis ea phytoplankton le kholo ea plankton e 'ngoe.
Ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano ho boetse ho sitisa ketane ea lijo le botsitso ba tikoloho ea leoatle. Boteng ba liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse fokolang haholo tsa tlhaho bo fokotsa khatello ea liphoofolo tse jang tse ling ho zooplankton, e leng se ka fetolang maemo a baahi ba plankton ka kakaretso. Ka hona, boiteko bo kopanetsoeng ba lefats'e boa hlokahala ho rarolla phephetso ena le ho netefatsa tikoloho ea leoatle e phetseng hantle le e tsitsitseng.
Qetello
Plankton ke tšiea ea bohlokoa ea litsamaiso tsa tikoloho tsa leoatle, tse emeng botlaaseng ba ketane ea lijo 'me li tšehetsa mefuta e mengata ea bophelo ba leoatle ho tloha ho tse nyane ho isa ho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa. Ka photosynthesis le likamano tsa tsona tsa trophic, plankton ha e boloke feela litsamaiso tsa tikoloho tsa leoatle tse phetseng hantle empa hape e susumetsa phetoho ea tlelaemete ea lefats'e ka potoloho ea khabone. Tšireletso le paballo ea plankton le libaka tsa eona tsa bolulo e tlameha ho ba ntho ea bohlokoa boitekong ba paballo ea leoatle ho netefatsa bophelo bo botle ba nako e telele ba litsamaiso tsa tikoloho tsa leoatle le botsitso ba moruo oa leoatle.
