Lithuto mabapi le Meriana e Loantšang Likokoana-hloko bakeng sa Liphoofolo
Pendahuluan
Likokoana-hloko ke sesosa se seholo sa mathata a bophelo bo botle liphoofolong, liphoofolong tse ruuoang lapeng le mehlapeng. Litšoaetso tsa likokoana-hloko ha li fokotse boleng ba bophelo ba liphoofolo feela empa li ka boela tsa ama tlhahiso ea liphoofolo, tsa eketsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo, 'me maemong a mang li baka kotsi ea phetisetso ho batho (zoonosis). Ka hona, meriana ea likokoana-hloko e fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea mokhoa oa sejoale-joale oa bongaka ba liphoofolo. Lithuto mabapi le meriana ea likokoana-hloko bakeng sa liphoofolo li kenyelletsa ho utloisisa mefuta ea likokoana-hloko, mekhoa ea tsona ea ts'ebetso, mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ts'ebeliso, le tšokelo e ntseng e hola ea ho hanyetsa.
Mefuta ea Likokoana-hloko Liphoofolong
Ka kakaretso, likokoana-hloko tsa liphoofolo li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli tse kholo: li-ectoparasites le li-endoparasites. Li-ectoparasites li lula holim'a 'mele oa phoofolo, joalo ka li-fleas, li-bottle, likokoanyana le lintsintsi. Li-ectoparasites li baka ho hlohlona, maqeba a letlalo, khaello ea mali ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea mali, 'me li ka boela tsa sebetsa e le li-vector tsa mafu a kang babesiosis kapa ehrlichiosis lintjeng. Ho sa le joalo, li-endoparasites li phela ka hare ho 'mele, joalo ka liboko tsa mala (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes), protozoa (Giardia, Coccidia), le liboko tsa pelo (Dirofilaria lintjeng).
Mefuteng e kang likhomo, lipōli, linku le likhoho, li-endoparasite hangata ke tsona tse bakang tahlehelo ea boima ba 'mele le tlhahiso, ha li-ectoparasite li ka baka khatello ea maikutlo, tšenyo ea letlalo, le ho fokotsa boleng ba lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo tse kang lebese le letlalo.
Khopolo ea Meriana e Loantšang Likokoana-hloko (Likokoana-hloko tse Loantšang Likokoana-hloko)
Meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko ke metsoako e sebelisetsoang ho bolaea, ho holofatsa, kapa ho thibela kholo ea likokoana-hloko. Ha e le hantle, meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko hangata e aroloa ho latela sepheo sa eona:
1. Anthelmintics: bakeng sa diboko (mohlala, albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel).
2. Antiprotozoa: bakeng sa protozoa (mohlala, metronidazole, toltrazuril).
3. Dibolaya-dikokwana-hloko tse bolayang dikokwana-hloko: bakeng sa dikokwana-hloko tse kantle (mohlala, fipronil, permethrin, amitraz, selamectin).
Khetho ea moriana e susumetsoa ke mofuta oa kokoana-hloko, mofuta oa liphoofolo, lilemo, boemo ba 'mele (mohlala, boimana kapa ho anyesa), boemo ba tšoaetso, le nalane ea tšebeliso ea moriana pele.
Mokhoa oa Ketso ea Lithethefatsi tse Thibelang Likokoana-hloko
Lithuto tsa meriana ea antiparasitic li totobatsa kamoo lithethefatsi li sebetsang kateng litsamaisong tsa baeloji tsa parasitic. Mekhoa e meng e tloaelehileng ea ts'ebetso e kenyelletsa:
1. E sitisa tsamaiso ea methapo ea kokoana-hloko
Mohlala, ivermectin le li-lactone tse ling tsa macrocyclic li sebetsa mekerong ea chloride e tsamaisoang ke glutamate, e leng se bakang ho holofala le lefu la likokoana-hloko. Mokhoa ona o sebetsa hantle khahlanong le mefuta e fapaneng ea nematode le li-ectoparasites tse ling.
2. E thibela metabolism ea matla
Albendazole le benzimidazole li thibela ho thehoa ha li-microtubules tsa likokoana-hloko, ka hona li sitisa ho monngoa ha tsoekere. Qetellong likokoana-hloko lia shoa ka lebaka la ho hloka matla.
3. Senya letlalo kapa lera la kokoana-hloko
Praziquantel, e leng ntho e tloaelehileng ho liboko tse tepeletseng, e eketsa ho kenella ha lera ho ea ho li-ion tsa calcium, e leng se bakang ho honyela ha mesifa le tšenyo ea meaho ea 'mele ea likokoana-hloko.
4. E thibela tlhahiso ea DNA kapa karohano ea lisele tsa protozoa
Li-antiprotozoa tse ling li sebetsa ka ho thibela lits'ebetso tsa metabolism tse bohlokoa ho protozoa, ka hona li emisa ho ikatisa.
Ho tseba mokhoa ona oa ts'ebetso ho bohlokoa ho khetha moriana o nepahetseng le ho fokotsa monyetla oa ho hanyetsa.
Foromo ea Tekanyo le Mokhoa oa Tsamaiso
Meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko e fumaneha ka mefuta e fapaneng, e etselitsoeng litlhoko tsa mofuta ona le maemo ao li bolokiloeng tlas'a 'ona. Liphoofolong tse ruuoang lapeng, meriana hangata e tla ka mokhoa oa matlapa a hlafunoang, mekhoa ea phekolo e tobileng (marotholi a tlotsoang letlalong), li-shampoo, likholara tse thibelang likokoana-hloko, kapa liente. Liphoofolong, litokisetso tsa molomo (li-drenches), liente tse ka tlas'a letlalo, li-pour-ons, kapa li-additives tsa lijo hangata li sebelisoa.
Mokhoa oa ho fana ka moriana o etsa qeto e kholo ea katleho ea moriana. Mohlala, ho tšela likhomo ho sebetsa khahlanong le li-ectoparasites le li-endoparasites tse itseng, empa ho hloka tekanyo e nepahetseng ho latela boima ba 'mele. Ho lintja le likatse, ho tšela moriana o sa keneleng mali ho ka hloka ts'ebeliso ea kamehla khoeli le khoeli ho thibela tšoaetso ea li-fleas le li-bow.
Polokeho, Litla-morao, le Lintho Tse Lokelang ho nahanoa ka Mefuta ea Liphoofolo
Hase meriana yohle e bolokehileng bakeng sa diphoofolo tsohle. Diphuputso tsa chefo di bontshitse hore metswako e meng e sebetsang e ka ba kotsi ho mefuta e itseng. Mohlala, permethrin e bolokehile bakeng sa dintja empa e na le chefo e kgolo ho dikatse. Ho feta moo, mefuta e meng ya dintja (jwalo ka Collies le beng ka tsona) e na le phetoho ya lefutso la MDR1 e etsang hore di be bonolo ho fumana tekanyo e phahameng ya ivermectin.
Litla-morao tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa ho hlatsa, letšollo, ho tepella, liketso tsa letlalo sebakeng seo ho sebelisoang ho sona, esita le mathata a methapo ea kutlo maemong a chefo. Ka hona, meriana e loantšang likokoana-hloko e lokela ho sebelisoa ho latela keletso ea ngaka ea liphoofolo, haholo-holo liphoofolong tse nyane, liphoofolong tse immeng, kapa liphoofolong tse nang le maemo a itseng a bophelo bo botle.
Ho Hanela Likokoana-hloko: Phephetso e Khōlō
E 'ngoe ea lintho tse ka sehloohong tse shebaneng le lipatlisiso tsa sejoale-joale tsa ho loantša likokoana-hloko ke ho hanyetsa, boemo boo likokoana-hloko li lahleheloang ke kutlo ea tsona ho meriana e neng e sebetsa pele. Ho hanyetsa hangata ho hlaha libokong tsa mala mapolasing ka lebaka la tšebeliso e pheta-phetoang ea lithethefatsi, tekanyo e sa lokelang, kapa maano a thibelo a sa fellang.
Litlamorao tsa ho hanyetsa li tebile: tšoaetso e ba thata ho e laola, litšenyehelo lia eketseha, 'me kotsi ea tahlehelo ea tlhahiso ea eketseha. Ka hona, bafuputsi ba buella mokhoa oa "taolo e kopaneng" o kenyeletsang phetoho ea meriana, tekanyo e nepahetseng, taolo e ntle ea moliko, le litlhahlobo tsa kamehla tsa mantle ho lekola maemo a tšoaetso.
Lenaneo la Leano la Thibelo le Taolo
Lithuto tsa meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko le tsona li hatisa bohlokoa ba thibelo, eseng kalafo feela. Lenaneo le atlehang la taolo ea likokoana-hloko le na le mehato e 'maloa:
1. Tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ka tlhahlobo ea mantle, tlhahlobo ea mali, kapa tlhahlobo ea letlalo.
2. Kalafo e reriloeng ho latela potoloho ea bophelo ba likokoana-hloko le boemo ba kotsi ea tikoloho.
3. Taolo ea bohloeki ba lihoko, taolo ea manyolo, le taolo ea palo ea li-vector.
4. Tlhokomelo e tloaelehileng ho netefatsa hore moriana o ntse o sebetsa hantle le hore ha o na khanyetso.
Liphoofolong tse ruuoang lapeng, thibelo ea kamehla ea li-fleas, matsetse le liboko tsa pelo e atisa ho khothaletsoa, haholo-holo libakeng tse atileng haholo. Liphoofolong tse ruuoang, maano a ho fula ka potoloho le ho fokotsa bongata ba li-stock li ka thusa ho roba potoloho ea bophelo ba liboko.
Tataiso ea Lipatlisiso le Boiqapelo
Diphuputso tsa ho thibela dikokwana-hloko di ntse di tswela pele ho hola. Ho na le mekgwa e mmalwa ya bohlokwa, jwalo ka ntshetsopele ya dimolekhule tse ntjha tse kgethang dikokwana-hloko, mahlale a ho ntsha meriana nako e telele, le diente tsa ho thibela dikokwana-hloko tse ntseng di ntshetswa pele bakeng sa mefuta e mmalwa ya dikokwana-hloko tsa mehlape. Ho phaella moo, mekgwa e thehilweng hodima baeloji e kang tshebediso ya di-fungus tse nang le nematophagous (diphoofolo tse jang diboko) le di-probiotic tse itseng le tsona di qala ho fuputswa e le tlatsetso taolong ya dikhemikhale.
Ntho e 'ngoe e ncha ke tšebeliso ea data ea epidemiological le lits'ebetso tsa dijithale ho fumana nako ea tsamaiso ea lithethefatsi ka nepo haholoanyane, ka hona ho etsa hore tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi e sebetse hantle le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho hanyetsa.
Qetello
Thuto ea meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko bakeng sa liphoofolo ke tšimo ea bohlokoa e hokahanyang li-parasitology, pharmacology, tsamaiso ea bophelo bo botle ba liphoofolo le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Meriana e thibelang likokoana-hloko e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntlafatseng boleng ba bophelo ba liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le tlhahiso ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang, empa tšebeliso ea tsona e tlameha ho ba e loketseng bakeng sa polokeho le katleho. Tšokelo ea khanyetso e etsa hore maano a taolo a kopaneng e be a bohlokoa, a tšehetsoang ke tlhahlobo e nepahetseng le mekhoa e metle ea tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo. Ho ea pele, lipatlisiso tsa meriana e mecha, mekhoa e meng ea baeloji, le mahlale a tsoetseng pele a thibelo li lebelletsoe ho matlafatsa boiteko bo tsitsitseng ba taolo ea likokoana-hloko.
