Karolo ea Li-amino Acids Phepong ea Liphoofolo
Li-amino acid ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa phepo ea liphoofolo hobane li sebetsa e le litene tsa protheine. Protheine ka boeona ea hlokahala bakeng sa kholo, tokiso ea lisele, ho thehoa ha enzyme le lihormone, ts'ebetso ea sesole sa 'mele, le ho tšehetsa tlhahiso (nama, lebese, mahe, boea) liphoofolong. Moetsong oa kajeno oa lijo, tlhokomelo ho tekanyo ea amino acid ke senotlolo sa ho fihlela ts'ebetso e ntle ka ho fetisisa, katleho e phahameng ea lijo, le bophelo bo botle ba liphoofolo bo ntlafetseng. Sengoloa sena se tšohla karolo ea li-amino acid phepong ea liphoofolo, mefuta ea tsona, lintlha tse susumetsang litlhoko tsa tsona, le ts'ebeliso ea tsona ntlafatsong ea lijo.
Ho Utloisisa Li-Amino Acids le Kamano ea Tsona le Liprotheine
Li-amino acid ke metsoako ea tlhaho e nang le sehlopha sa amino (–NH₂) le sehlopha sa carboxyl (–COOH). Li-amino acid tse fapaneng lia hokahana ho theha liketane tsa polypeptide, tse fetohang liprotheine. Tlhophiso le palo ea li-amino acid li khetholla mofuta oa protheine e entsoeng le mosebetsi oa eona 'meleng oa phoofolo. Mohlala, liprotheine tsa mesifa li hloka boemo bo itseng ba amino acid bo fapaneng le ba li-enzyme tsa tšilo ea lijo kapa li-antibodies.
Tabeng ea phepo e nepahetseng, ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ha se feela bongata ba protheine e tala, empa hape le boleng ba eona—ke hore, hore na amino acid ea bohlokoa e leka-lekane hakae le hore na e felletse hakae kabong. Fepa e nang le protheine e tala e tala e ka 'na ea se sebetse hantle haeba motsoako oa eona oa amino acid o sa khotsofatse litlhoko tsa phoofolo.
Tlhophiso ea Li-Amino Acids: Lia Bohlokoa, Tse sa Bohlokwa, le Tse nang le Maemo
Ka kakaretso, li-amino acid li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse tharo:
1. Li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa
Li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa li ke ke tsa hlahisoa ka ho lekaneng ke 'mele oa phoofolo 'me ka hona li lokela ho fumanoa lijong. Mehlala (mefuteng e mengata) e kenyelletsa lysine, methionine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, histidine, le arginine (litlhoko tsa arginine hangata li phahame liphoofolong/likhoho tse nyane).
2. Li-amino acid tse seng tsa bohlokoa
E ka hlahisoa ke 'mele ho tsoa linthong tse ling tse tlang pele ho eona, tse kang alanine, aspartic acid, le glutamic acid. Leha e nkoa e le "e sa hlokahaleng," boteng ba eona bo ntse bo le bohlokoa bakeng sa ho thehoa ha protheine le metabolism.
3. Li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa maemong a itseng
Tlas'a maemo a itseng—a kang khatello ea maikutlo, kholo e potlakileng, bokuli, kapa khaello ea limatlafatsi—li-amino acid tse ling li ka fetoha “tsa bohlokoa ka mokhoa o sebetsang.” Mehlala e kenyelletsa glutamine kapa arginine nakong ea mohato oa kholo kapa nakong ea ho hlaphoheloa.
Ho utloisisa sehlopha sena ho thusa haholo ho bokelleng dijo ho latela mohato wa tlhahiso le boemo ba mmele ba phoofolo.
Mesebetsi e Meholo ea Li-amino Acid 'Meleng oa Liphoofolo
Karolo ea li-amino acid ha e felle feela ho thehoeng ha lisele tsa 'mele, empa hape e kenyelletsa mesebetsi e fapaneng ea bohlokoa ea metabolic:
1. Kgolo le tokiso ya dinama
Li-amino acid lia hlokahala bakeng sa ho thehoa ha mesifa, lisele tse hokahaneng, letlalo, boea le litho tsa 'mele. Ka mohlala, liphoofolong tse nyane, ho ja lysine le threonine ho lekaneng ho bohlokoa bakeng sa sekhahla sa kholo le katleho ea lijo.
2. Ho thehoa ha li-enzyme le lihormone
Li-enzyme tse ngata ke liprotheine, kahoo ho thehoa ha tsona ho itšetlehile haholo ka ho fumaneha ha li-amino acid. Lihormone tse ling le tsona li entsoe ka li-amino acid kapa li susumetsoa ke boemo ba protheine, kahoo ho se leka-lekane ha li-amino acid ho ka sitisa taolo ea metabolism.
3. Sesole sa 'mele le khanyetso ea' mele
Li-antibodies ke liprotheine. Khaello ea li-amino acid tse itseng e ka fokotsa tlhahiso ea li-antibody le likarabelo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Ho rueng liphoofolo, sena se ka iponahatsa e le keketseho ea ho pepesehela mafu.
4. Tlhahiso ea liphoofolo tse ruiloeng
– Ho behela likhoho: boemo ba amino acid bo susumetsa tlhahiso le boleng ba mahe.
– Likhomo tsa lebese: li-amino acid tse itseng li tšehetsa tlhahiso ea protheine ea lebese.
– Likhomo tsa nama ea khomo: ho leka-lekana ha amino acid ho etsa qeto ea ho bolokoa ha protheine (nama) ha ho bapisoa le mafura.
5. Mohloli oa matla (haeba ho hlokahala)
Haeba matla a tswang ho dikhabohaedreite le mafura a sa lekana, di-amino acid di ka arolwa ho hlahisa matla. Leha ho le jwalo, sena ha se sebetse hantle bakeng sa tlhahiso hobane se fokotsa di-amino acid tseo ho seng jwalo di neng di ka sebediswa bakeng sa kgolo kapa tlhahiso.
Khopolo ea "Ho Fokotsa Li-Amino Acids" ho Litekanyetso
Phepong ea liphoofolo, khopolo ea ho fokotsa li-amino acid e tsejoa, e leng, li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa tse leng ka bongata bo tlase haholo ha li bapisoa le litlhoko tsa phoofolo. Khaello ea amino acid e le 'ngoe e fokotsang e ka fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea li-amino acid tse ling, ka hona ea thibela tlhahiso ea protheine. Ka lebaka leo, kholo ea fokotseha 'me katleho ea lijo ea fokotseha.
Mohlala, lijong tse entsoeng ka poone le soya:
– Lysine hangata ke ntlha e ka sehloohong e sitisang dikolobe le dikgoho.
– Methionine le cystine li ka fokotsa likhoho, haholo-holo bakeng sa kholo le tlhahiso ea masiba.
Ka ho hlwaya di-amino acid tse fokolang, di-formulator tsa phepo di ka etsa ditokiso ka ho kgetha thepa e tala, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba protheine, kapa ho eketsa di-amino acid tsa maiketsetso.
Li-amino acid tsa maiketsetso le melemo ea tsona
Tšebeliso ea li-amino acid tsa maiketsetso tse kang lysine, methionine, threonine le tryptophan e se e tloaelehile indastering ea lijo. Sepheo ha se feela ho eketsa "protheine," empa ho e-na le hoo ke ho leka-lekanya boemo ba amino acid ka nepo. Melemo e kenyelletsa:
1. E fokotsa tlhoko ea protheine e tala
Ka ho eketsa li-amino acid tse hlokahalang tse haellang, tekanyo ea protheine e tala ea lijo e ka fokotsoa ntle le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso. Sena se ka boloka litšenyehelo, haholo-holo ha metsoako ea protheine e le theko e boima.
2. Fokotsa ho ntšoa ha naetrojene
Protheine e ngata e sa sebelisoeng e a robeha ebe e ntšoa e le naetrojene (mohlala, ka morotong le mantle). Sena se tlatsetsa tšilafalong ea tikoloho (ammonia). Kabo e leka-lekaneng ea amino acid e atisa ho ba mosa haholoanyane tikolohong.
3. Ntlafatsa bokgoni ba ho fepa le tshebetso
Tekanyo ea amino acid e thusa liphoofolo ho sebelisa limatlafatsi hantle, e ntlafatsa ho nona, phetoho ea lijo le boleng ba sehlahisoa.
Phapang Litlhoko tsa Amino Acid Pakeng tsa Mefuta
Litlhoko tsa amino acid li susumetsoa haholo ke mofuta oa phoofolo le tsamaiso ea eona ea tšilo ea lijo:
– Li-monogastric (likhoho le likolobe): li itšetlehile haholo ka li-amino acid tse fumanehang lijong hobane ha li na ho belisoa ha rumen ho hoholo. Sebopeho sa amino acid se bohlokoa.
– Diphoofolo tse rumisang (dikgomo, dipodi, dinku): dikokwana-hloko tsa rumen di ka hlahisa di-amino acid tse ding ho tswa ho naetrojene e seng ya protheine. Leha ho le jwalo, bakeng sa tlhahiso e phahameng (mohlala, dikgomo tsa lebese), ho hlokahala tlhokomelo ho netefatsa hore diprotheine tse phonyohang ho senyeha ha rumen (ho feta ha protheine) le ho fumaneha ha amino acid ka maleng a manyane di a bolokeha.
– Litlhapi: Liprofaele tsa amino acid li lokela ho fetoloa hobane litlhoko tsa bohlokoa tsa amino acid tsa mefuta ea lihlapi tsa metsing li ka fapana, 'me katleho ea tšebeliso ea lijo e susumetsoa haholo ke boleng ba protheine le ho sileha ha metsoako.
Mabaka a Amang Litlhoko tsa Amino Acid
Tse ling tsa lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse khethollang litlhoko tsa amino acid liphoofolong li kenyelletsa:
1. Botsofali le mohato oa kholo: liphoofolo tse nyane li hloka li-amino acid tse ngata bakeng sa ho thehoa ha lisele tse ncha.
2. Liphatsa tsa lefutso le sepheo sa tlhahiso: Mefuta ea li-broiler tsa sejoale-joale e hola ka potlako haholo 'me kahoo e hloka li-amino acid tse nepahetseng haholoanyane.
3. Boleng ba phepo le ho sileha ha dijo: dijo tse pedi tse nang le amino acid e tshwanang di ka fana ka diphetho tse fapaneng haeba ho sileha ha tsona ho fapane.
4. Maemo a bophelo bo botle le kgatello ya maikutlo: kgatello ya mocheso, tshwaetso, kapa bongata bo boholo ba di-stock bo ka fetola ditlhoko tse itseng, haholo-holo di-amino acid bakeng sa tshebetso ya mmele ya ho itšireletsa mafung le ho fola.
Qetello
Li-amino acid li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa phepong ea liphoofolo hobane li khetholla boleng le katleho ea tšebeliso ea protheine. Phepelo e leka-lekaneng ea li-amino acid tsa bohlokoa, kutloisiso ea ho fokotsa li-amino acid, le ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea li-amino acid tsa maiketsetso li ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, tsa fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa lijo, le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea tikoloho ea ho ntšoa ha naetrojene. Temong ea liphoofolo le indastering ea lijo, mokhoa oa phepo o thehiloeng ho amino acid - eseng protheine e tala feela - ke leano la bohlokoa la ho hlahisa liphoofolo tse phetseng hantle, tse hlahisang le tse sebetsang hantle.
Haeba o lakatsa, nka fetola sengoloa sena hore se be se tobileng haholoanyane bakeng sa thepa e le 'ngoe (mohlala, likhoho, likolobe, likhomo tsa lebese, kapa litlhapi), ho kenyeletsoa mohlala o bonolo oa tlhahiso le lethathamo la li-amino acid tse tloaelehileng tse fokotsang thepa ka 'ngoe.
