Tšusumetso ea Lihormone Tsoelo-peleng
Lihormone ke manģosa a lik'hemik'hale a hlahisoang ke litšoelesa tsa endocrine 'me a lokolloa maling ho laola ts'ebetso ea litho tse fapaneng. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba tsona bo bonyenyane le bongata bo bonyenyane, lihormone li na le tšusumetso e kholo mabapi le kamoo 'mele o holang, o fetohang le o sebetsang kateng ho tloha bongoaneng ho ea ho batho ba baholo. Nts'etsopele ea motho—ebang ke ea 'mele, ea kelello, kapa ea maikutlo—ha e etsahale ka tšohanyetso; e tataisoa ke tšebelisano e rarahaneng pakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, tikoloho le tsamaiso ea lihormone. Ho utloisisa karolo ea lihormone ho re thusa ho utloisisa hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba hola ka lebelo le fapaneng le hore na ke hobane'ng ha ho sitisoa ha lihormone ho ka ba le litlamorao tse tebileng bophelong le boitšoarong.
1. Sistimi ea endocrine le karolo ea lihormone 'meleng
Sistimi ea endocrine e na le litšoelesa tse 'maloa tse kholo, tse kang hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, ovary le testes. Litšoelesa tsena li hlahisa lihormone tse laolang metabolism, kholo, ho ikatisa, karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo le maikutlo. Hypothalamus le pituitary hangata li bitsoa "litsi tsa taolo" hobane li hokahanya lihormone tse ling tse ngata. Taolo ena e sebetsa ka mokhoa oa ho fana ka maikutlo: ha maemo a hormone e itseng a lekane, 'mele o tla "fokotsa tlhahiso"; ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha maemo a le tlase, tlhahiso e tla eketseha.
Nakong ea nts'etsopele, mekhoa ena e sebetsa haholo. 'Mele o tlameha ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tsa matla, ho haha lisele tse ncha, ho holisa litho tsa botona le botšehali, le ho hokahanya liphetoho tsa methapo tse amang ho ithuta le maikutlo. Ka hona, liphetoho tse nyane maemong a lihormone li ka ba le litlamorao tse kholo kholong le boitšoarong.
2. Hormone ea kholo le nts'etsopele ea 'mele
Hormone ea kholo (GH), e hlahisoang ke tšoelesa ea pituitary, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kholong ea bolelele, kholong ea mesifa le metabolism ea mafura. GH e sebetsa hammoho le lintlha tse ling, haholo-holo IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1), e hlahisoang haholo-holo sebeteng. Ho bana, GH e hlohlelletsa kholo e telele ea masapo, e thusa ho thehoeng ha lisele, 'me e tšehetsa kholo ea litho.
Haeba tlhahiso ea GH e sa lekana, bana ba ka 'na ba ba le kholo e liehang kapa bolelele bo bokhutšoanyane ho feta karolelano, leha mabaka a liphatsa tsa lefutso le 'ona a bapala karolo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, GH e feteletseng nakong ea kholo e ka baka kholo e feteletseng. Ntle le bolelele, GH e boetse e ama sebopeho sa 'mele: GH e lekaneng e thusa ho boloka mesifa le masapo a teteaneng, e leng tsa bohlokoa eseng feela nakong ea kholo empa hape le bakeng sa bophelo bo botle ba nako e telele.
3. Lihormone tsa qoqotho le nts'etsopele ea boko le metabolism
Thyroid e hlahisa lihormone tsa T3 le T4, tse laolang metabolism—kamoo 'mele o fetolang lijo hore e be matla. Ho feta moo, lihormone tsa thyroid li bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea boko, haholo-holo nakong ea lesea le sa tsoa emoloa le ea masea. Bophelong ba pele, lihormone tsa thyroid li thusa ho theheng likhokahano tsa methapo ea kutlo, nts'etsopele ea tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, le ho hola ha mesebetsi ea kelello.
Mathata a lihormone tsa qoqotho ho bana, a kang hypothyroidism (khaello ea hormone ea qoqotho), a ka baka mokhathala, ho nona, ho hola butle, 'me haeba a sa phekoloe kapele, a ka ama nts'etsopele ea kelello. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, hyperthyroidism (hormone ea qoqotho e feteletseng) e ka baka bothata ba ho nona, ho otla ha pelo, matšoenyeho le mathata a boroko—e leng lintho tse ka sitisang ho ithuta le bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
4. Insulin le lihormone tse laolang tsoekere maling: matla a ho hola
Insulin, e hlahisoang ke manyeme, e bapala karolo ea ho laola maemo a tsoekere maling le ho thusa lisele ho monya tsoekere e le mohloli oa matla. Nakong ea kholo, litlhoko tsa matla lia eketseha ha 'mele o ntse o haha lisele ka mafolofolo. Insulin e boetse e susumetsa polokelo ea matla ka mokhoa oa glycogen le mafura, 'me e tšehetsa lits'ebetso tsa anabolic (ho haha)' meleng.
Ha ho senyehile tekanyo ea insulin, mohlala, lefu la tsoekere la mofuta oa 1 kapa ho hanyetsa insulin, kholo e ka ameha. Bana ba nang le taolo e mpe ea tsoekere maling ba ka ba le mokhathala, ho theola boima ba 'mele, kapa bothata ba ho tsepamisa mohopolo. Hobane bophelo bo botle ba metabolism bo amana haufi-ufi le lihormone, lijo, boikoetliso ba 'mele le boleng ba boroko ho tloha bonyenyaneng ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa ho tšehetsang kholo e ntle ka ho fetisisa.
5. Bocha: estrogen, testosterone, le liphetoho tse kholo ho bacha
E 'ngoe ea mekhahlelo e totobetseng ka ho fetisisa e susumetsoang ke lihormone ke ho kena bohlankaneng. Nakong ena, ho na le keketseho ea lihormone tsa thobalano: estrogen (haholo-holo ho banana) le testosterone (haholo-holo ho bashanyana), leha ka bobeli li le teng maemong a fapaneng ho motho e mong le e mong. Lihormone tsena li khanna liphetoho tsa 'mele tse kang nts'etsopele ea matsoele, liphetoho tsa lentsoe, kholo ea moriri libakeng tse itseng, le kholo ea litho tsa botona le botšehali. Bocha bo boetse bo tsamaea le "ho hola ka potlako," ho kenyelletsang tšebelisano ea lihormone tsa thobalano le lihormone tsa kholo.
Ka ntle ho liphetoho tsa 'mele, lihormone tsa bocha li susumetsa maikutlo le boitšoaro. Bacha hangata ba ba le liphetoho tsa maikutlo, ho ba le kutlo e eketsehileng sechabeng, le ho batla boitsebiso. Liphetoho tsa lihormone li sebelisana le nts'etsopele ea boko ba bacha—haholo-holo libakeng tse laolang taolo ea maikutlo le ho etsa liqeto—kahoo nako ena hangata e tšoauoa ka maikutlo a matla le tšekamelo ea ho leka lintho tse ncha.
6. Hormone ea khatello ea maikutlo: cortisol le tšusumetso ea eona kholong ea maikutlo
Cortisol e hlahisoa ke litšoelesa tsa adrenal 'me e phetha karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong ea khatello ea maikutlo. Maemong a loketseng, cortisol e thusa 'mele ho sebetsana le liphephetso: e eketsa matla, e laola khatello ea mali, 'me e fetola sesole sa' mele. Leha ho le joalo, khatello ea maikutlo e sa foleng e ka lebisa maemong a phahameng a cortisol nako e telele, e leng se ka amang boroko, takatso ea lijo, ho tsepamisa mohopolo le bophelo bo botle ba kelello.
Ho bana le bacha, khatello ea maikutlo e telele—mohlala, e tsoang tikolohong e sa sireletsehang, khatello e feteletseng ea thuto, kapa mathata a lelapa—e ka ama taolo ea maikutlo le bokhoni ba ho ithuta. Maemo a phahameng a cortisol a ka sitisa mekhoa ea ho robala le ea ho hopola, a etsa hore bana ba be le tšekamelo ea ho tšoenyeha kapa ho thatafalloa ho tsepamisa mohopolo. Ka hona, tšehetso ea kelello le kelello, mekhoa e metle ea bophelo le tikoloho e tsitsitseng li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng botsitso ba lihormone tsa khatello ea maikutlo.
7. Lihormone tsa ho ikatisa le karolo ea tsona bophelong bo botle ba nako e telele
Ntle le ho susumetsa ho kena bohlankaneng, lihormone tsa ho ikatisa li boetse li ama bophelo bo botle ba masapo, letlalo le methapo ea mali. Ka mohlala, estrogen e thusa ho boloka masapo a teteaneng, ha testosterone e bapala karolo ea mesifa le tlhahiso ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali. Ho se leka-lekane ha lihormone tsa ho ikatisa ho ka iponahatsa e le lipotoloho tse sa tloaelehang tsa ho ilela khoeli, makhopho a maholo, liphetoho tsa boima ba 'mele, kapa liphetoho tsa maikutlo.
Ho batho ba bang, maemo a kang PCOS (ho basali) kapa mathata a lihormone tsa thyroid a ka ama bophelo bo botle ba ho ikatisa le boleng ba bophelo. Ho fumanoa kapele le kalafo e nepahetseng ho ka thusa ho thibela mathata a tebileng haholoanyane, joalo ka mathata a ho ba le bana kapa likotsi tsa metabolism hamorao bophelong.
8. Mabaka a susumetsang botsitso ba lihormone
Tekanyo ea lihormone e susumetsoa ke lintlha tse ngata: liphatsa tsa lefutso, phepo e nepahetseng, boemo ba mosebetsi, boleng ba boroko, ho pepesehela khatello ea maikutlo, esita le tikoloho (mohlala, ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale tse itseng tse ka sitisang lihormone). Boroko bo lekaneng bo tšehetsa tlhahiso ea lihormone tsa kholo, ha boikoetliso bo tloaelehileng bo thusa ka kutloisiso ea insulin le taolo ea maikutlo. Lijo tse leka-lekaneng li fana ka lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lihormone 'me li boloka metabolism e tsitsitseng.
Hape ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore kholo ea ngoana e mong le e mong e ikhetha. Ho na le liphapang tse tloaelehileng tsa nako ea bocha kapa mekhoa ea kholo, 'me ha se liphapang tsohle tse bontšang bothata. Leha ho le joalo, haeba ho na le matšoao a amanang le sena—joalo ka kholo e liehang haholo, bocha ba pele kapa ba morao, mokhathala o sa khaotseng, kapa liphetoho tse feteletseng tsa boima ba 'mele—ho hlokahala hore ho buisanoe le setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
Qetello
Lihormone li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa kholong ea motho, ho tloha khōlong ea 'mele le khōlong ea boko ho isa taolong ea matla le ho thehoa ha botho ba maikutlo nakong ea bocha. Sistimi ea endocrine e sebetsa joalo ka marang-rang a puisano a bonolo haholo; esita le litšitiso tse nyane li ka ba le litlamorao tse tebileng 'meleng le boitšoarong. Ka ho boloka mokhoa o phetseng hantle oa bophelo—lijo tse leka-lekaneng, boroko bo lekaneng, boikoetliso ba 'mele le taolo ea khatello ea maikutlo—re thusa 'mele ho boloka botsitso ba lihormone bo tšehetsang kholo e ntle ka ho fetisisa. Ho utloisisa lihormone ho bohlokoa eseng feela bakeng sa litsebi tsa bongaka empa hape le bakeng sa batsoali, matichere le bacha ka bobona, ho ba lumella ho ba le kutloelo-bohloko haholoanyane litlhokong tsa 'mele ea bona le ho nka khato ea thibelo ha matšoao a ho se leka-lekane a hlaha.
