Ho utloisisa bokhoni
Khalase e nyane e ka boloka metsi a manyane a nooang, ha khalase e kholo e ka boloka a mangata. Ha khalase e le kholoanyane, e ka boloka metsi a mangata. Kahoo khalase ka 'ngoe e na le bokhoni, kapa tekanyo ea bokhoni ba eona ba ho boloka metsi. Joalo ka likhalase, li-capacitor le tsona li na le bokhoni ba ho boloka tjhaja ea motlakase le matla a motlakase. Bokhoni ba capacitor, kapa tekanyo ea bokhoni ba capacitor ba ho boloka tjhaja ea motlakase le matla a motlakase, bo bitsoa bokhoni.
Mabaka a amang bokgoni ba ho sebetsa
Boholo ba bokgoni ba khalase ba ho tshwara metsi bo laolwa ke bophahamo ba yona. Ho thweng ka di-capacitor? Ke eng e etsang qeto ya boholo ba bokgoni ba capacitor ba ho boloka tjhaja ya motlakase?
Setšoantšo se ka tlase se bontša capacitor e bonolo e nang le lipoleiti tse peli tse tsamaisang motlakase tse arotsoeng ka sebaka se itseng. Pele li hokeloa mohloling oa motlakase, joalo ka betri, lipoleiti ka bobeli ha li tjhajwe. Ebe poleiti e 'ngoe e hokeloa ho terminal e ntle ea betri 'me e 'ngoe ho terminal e mpe ho sebelisoa lithapo.
Kamora ho hokahanngoa le terminal e ntle ea betri, tjhaja e ntle ka har'a betri e hohela lielektrone tse chajileng hampe poleiting, e leng se etsang hore li fetele terminal e ntle ea betri. Sena se etsa hore poleiti e be le khaello ea lielektrone (tjhaja e mpe) le liprothone tse ngata (tjhaja e ntle), e leng se fellang ka tjhaja e ntle.
Ka ho tšoanang, kamora ho hokahanya poleiti le terminal e mpe ea betri, tjhaja e ntle poleiting e hohela lielektrone tse chajileng hampe terminal e mpe ea betri, e leng se etsang hore lielektrone li fallele poleiting. Sena se etsa hore poleiti e be le lielektrone tse ngata, e leng se etsang hore e be le tjhaja e mpe.
Ts'ebetso ea phetisetso ea lielektrone lipakeng tsa lipoleiti le betri e emisa ka mor'a hore phapang e ka bang teng pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli e lekana le phapang e ka bang teng pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli tsa betri.
Tefiso ea motlakase lipoleiting tse peli tsa conductor e ka eketseha joang? Ka mantsoe a mang, ho lokela ho etsoa eng ho baka phetisetso ea lielektrone hape? Phetisetso ea lielektrone e etsahala feela ha phapang ea matla a motlakase pakeng tsa lipalo tse peli tsa betri e le kholo ho feta phapang ea matla a motlakase pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor. E le hore phetisetso ea lielektrone e etsahale hape e le hore tefiso ea motlakase poleiting ka 'ngoe ea conductor e eketsehe, betri e sebelisoang e nkeloa sebaka ke betri e 'ngoe kapa mohloli o mong oa motlakase o nang le phapang e kholo ea matla a motlakase. Phetisetso ea lielektrone e emisa ha phapang ea matla a mohloli oa motlakase e lekana le phapang ea matla a capacitor, ka hona haeba phapang ea matla a mohloli oa motlakase e le kholo, phapang ea matla a capacitor le eona e kholo.
Ho latela tlhahlobo e kaholimo, ho ka fihlelwa qeto ea hore ha tjhaja ea motlakase e bolokiloe poleiting e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea conductor e le kholo, phapang ea bokhoni ba motlakase lipakeng tsa lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor e ba kholo. Ka hona, tjhaja ea motlakase (Q) e lekana le phapang ea bokhoni ba motlakase (V). Kamano pakeng tsa tjhaja ea motlakase le phapang ea bokhoni ba motlakase e hlahisoa ka tekanyo e latelang:
Q α V
Tekanyo e boletsoeng ka holimo e fetoloa equation ka ho eketsa botsitso ba tekanyo C:
Q = CV kapa C = Q / V
Tlhaloso: Q = tjhaja ya motlakase (Coulomb), V = phapang ya bokgoni ba motlakase kapa motlakase (Volt), C = botsitso ba tekanyo, e bitswang capacitance ya capacitor.
Boleng ba capacitance ha bo itshetlehe ka tjhaja ya motlakase le motlakase empa bo itshetlehile ka sebopeho le boholo ba poleiti ya conductor. Bopaki ba dipalo ba hore capacitance e itshetlehile ka sebopeho le boholo ba poleiti ya conductor bo hlaloswa sehloohong se buang ka mefuta ya di-capacitor tse itshetlehileng ka sebopeho sa poleiti ya conductor, e leng capacitor ea poleiti e tšoanang, capacitor e silindara dan tao capacitor e chitjaSehloohong sena, ho nahanoa hore pakeng tsa likarolo tse peli tsa mokhanni ho na le vacuum.
Bokgoni ba capacitor bo boetse bo itshetlehile ka thepa ya thepa e pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tse tsamaisang motlakase. Thepa e pakeng tsa dipoleiti tse pedi tse tsamaisang motlakase e bitswa dielektriBokgoni ba capacitor e nang le dielectric bo hlahlojwa ka botebo sehloohong se buang ka kamehla ea dielectric.
Yuniti ea bokhoni
Yuniti ea tjhaja ea motlakase ke Coulomb 'me yuniti ea phapang ea matla a motlakase ke Volt, kahoo ho latela equation ea capacitance e kaholimo, yuniti ea capacitance ke Coulomb ka Volt (C/V), eo hape e bitsoang Farad (F) e tsoang lebitsong la rasaense oa Leborithane Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Kahoo 1 Farad = 1 Coulomb/Volt.
Mohlala, capacitor e na le boleng ba Farads tse 2, ho bolelang hore capacitor e boloka tjhaja ya motlakase ya +2 Coulombs ho e 'ngoe ea lipoleiti tsa conductor le -2 Coulombs poleiting e 'ngoe ea conductor, moo lipoleiti tse peli tsa conductor li nang le phapang e ka bang teng ea 1 Volt. Haeba betri ea 12 Volt e hokahantsoe le capacitor, e 'ngoe ea lipoleiti tsa conductor e tla ba le tjhaja ea motlakase ea Q = CV = (2)(12 Volts) = +24 Coulombs ha poleiti e 'ngoe ea conductor e tla ba le tjhaja ea -24 Coulombs.
Ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore Farad ke yuniti e kholo haholo ea capacitance, kahoo hangata ho sebelisoa yuniti e nyane, e leng microFarad, e khutsufalitsoeng e le μF (10).-6 Farad) ho ea ho picoFarad e khutsufalitsoeng pF (10-12 Farad). Lipalo tsa lipalo ho bontša hore Farad ke yuniti e kholo haholo li tšohloa ho mohlala oa lipotso tsa capacitor ea poleiti e tšoanang.
