Theknoloji ea Tlhahiso ea Likheibole e nang le Lisebelisoa tse Sireletsang Tikoloho
Likhoele ke "methapo ea mali" ea lefats'e la sejoale-joale. Motlakase oa malapa, marang-rang a puisano, likoloi tsa motlakase, esita le meralo ea motheo ea matla a nchafatsoang kaofela li itšetlehile ka tsona. Leha ho le joalo, ho sa tsotellehe karolo ea eona ea bohlokoa, indasteri ea likhoele e boetse e kenya letsoho liphephetsong tsa tikoloho: tšebeliso ea polasetiki e thehiloeng mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale bakeng sa ho futhumatsa, lisebelisoa tse thata ho li sebelisa hape, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla nakong ea tlhahiso, le litšila tsa likhoele tsa kamora tšebeliso tse atisang ho fella libakeng tsa lithōle kapa tse chesoang ka mokhoa o sa sireletsehang. Ka hona, boqapi ba theknoloji tlhahisong ea likhoele tse sebelisang thepa e sireletsang tikoloho bo bohlokoa haholo ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tikoloho ntle le ho beha polokeho le ts'ebetso kotsing.
Ke hobane'ng ha likhoele li lokela ho ba mosa haholoanyane tikolohong?
Ka kakaretso, dithapo di na le kondaktara (hangata koporo kapa aluminium), lera le thibelang mocheso, sheath (jekete), mme ka dinako tse ding lera le matlafatsang kapa tshireletso ya mechini. Matshwenyeho a maholo a tikoloho hangata a hlaha ho thepa ya polymer e sebediswang ho thibela mocheso le sheath, jwalo ka PVC (polyvinyl chloride), e sebedisang chlorine mme hangata e hloka di-plasticizer le di-additi tse itseng. Hang ha di lahlilwe, dithapo tsena tse kopaneng tsa tshepe le polymer di thata ho di sebetsana haeba ho se nahanelwe ho sebediswa botjha ha tsona moralong wa tsona. Ho feta moo, ho tjhesa PVC ho ka hlahisa diphaephe tse kotsi haeba ho sa sebetswe setsing se nepahetseng.
Tsusumetso ea lefats'e ho ea moruong o chitja e khanna bahlahisi ba lithapo ho qapa lintho tse ncha: ho nkela thepa e kotsi haholo sebaka, ho eketsa litaba tse sebelisitsoeng hape, ho fokotsa chefo e eketsehileng, le ho rala lithapo bakeng sa ho arola le ho sebelisa hape habonolo. Mahlale a tikoloho tlhahisong ea lithapo ha se feela mokhoa, empa ho e-na le hoo ke karabelo litlhokong tsa taolo, litlhoko tsa indasteri le temoso ea bareki.
Thepa e mosa tikolohong bakeng sa ho kenya le ho thiba lithapo tsa cable
1. Polymer e se nang Halogen (LSZH/HFFR)
E 'ngoe ea lintho tse ncha tse kholo indastering ea lithapo ke tšebeliso ea thepa ea LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen) kapa HFFR (Halogen Free Flame Retardant). Lisebelisoa tsena li etselitsoe ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea mosi haeba ho ka cha 'me ha li lokolle likhase tsa asiti tse senyang joalo ka li-halogen (mohlala, chlorine). Ho ea ka pono ea tikoloho le polokeho, lithapo tsa LSZH li fokotsa kotsi ea tšilafalo ea moea o chefo le tšenyo ea lisebelisoa tse bakoang ke likhase tse senyang.
Lisebelisoa tsa LSZH hangata li thehiloe ho polyolefin ka li-filler tsa diminerale tse kang aluminium hydroxide kapa magnesium hydroxide e le li-retant tsa malakabe. Le hoja e se kamehla e "bakiloeng ke biobased," LSZH e nkoa e le mosa ho feta tikoloho ho feta PVC, haholo-holo nakong ea tšebeliso le liketsahalo tsa mollo.
2. Li-bioplastic le li-polymer tse thehiloeng limela
Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le tsona li ntse li leba tšebelisong ea li-polymer tse thehiloeng ho biomass, tse kang:
– PLA (Polylactic Acid): e nkiloeng ho starch ea poone/moba, e hohelang bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse itseng empa e hloka ntlafatso ea ho hanyetsa mocheso le ho tenyetseha.
– Bio-PE (polyethylene e thehiloeng ho ethanol ea 'moba): thepa ea eona e tšoana le PE e tloaelehileng empa carbon footprint ea eona e ka ba tlase hobane ke mohloli o ka nchafatsoang.
– TPU kapa TPE e thehiloeng ho Bio: elastomer ea thermoplastic e nang le dikahare tse thehiloeng ho bio tse ka eketsang ho tenyetseha le ho hanyetsa ho kgohlahala.
Phephetso ke ho netefatsa hore thepa e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang e fihlela maemo a motlakase: ho hanyetsa mocheso oa ts'ebetso, ho hanyetsa ho taboha, ho hanyetsa mongobo, le botsitso ba nako e telele. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso ea li-bioplastics hangata e kenngoa ka mekhahlelo mefuteng e itseng ea lithapo, joalo ka lithapo tse tenyetsehang tse bobebe, lithapo tsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, kapa lits'ebetso tsa ka tlung.
3. Lisebelisoa tse nang le dikahare tse sebedisitsweng hape
Ho eketsa tšebeliso ea li-polymer tse sebelisitsoeng hape (mohlala, PE/PP e sebelisitsoeng hape) ke khetho ea bohlokoa ea ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura a khale. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa likhoele, tšebeliso ea thepa e sebelisitsoeng hape e tlameha ho laoloa ka thata hobane litšila li ka senya ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa, tsa eketsa kotsi ea ho lutla ha hona joale, kapa tsa fokotsa matla a mechini. Ho hloekisa ha sejoale-joale, ho sefa ho qhibilihang, le mahlale a taolo ea boleng a lumella ho eketseha ha litaba tse sebelisitsoeng hape, haholo-holo lera la kantle la sheath le sa kopaneng ka ho toba le li-conductor tsa motlakase o phahameng.
4. Lisebelisoa tse sireletsang tikoloho le tse se nang chefo
Ntle le polymer e ka sehloohong, likhoele li sebelisa lintho tse ling tse kang tse thibelang malakabe, li-antioxidants, li-UV stabilizers, lidae le li-plasticizers. Mokhoa ona o mosa tikolohong o khothalletsa:
– Diminerale tse thibelang malakabe di nkela di-halogen sebaka.
– Sehatsetsi se nang le chefo e tlase.
– Lidae tse sireletsehileng haholoanyane tse nang le litšepe tse boima tse fokolang.
Ho khetha lintho tse eketsang ke senotlolo sa ho netefatsa hore likhoele li lula li sireletsehile ebile li le bonolo ho li sebelisa hape.
Theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e tala
Thepa e sireletsang tikoloho e tlameha ho tšehetsoa ke mekhoa e sebetsang hantle ea tlhahiso. Mona ke mahlale a mang a ntseng a kenngoa tšebetsong ka ho eketsehileng:
1. Extrusion ea sejoale-joale e nang le ts'ebeliso e ntle ea matla
Mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa ho koahela ka ho sireletsa mocheso le ho koahela ka sekoahelo ke ho ntša metsi, ho kenyeletsang ho qhibilihisa polymer ebe o e phuthela ho potoloha mokhanni. Lisebelisoa tsa ho ntša metsi tsa moloko o mocha li na le:
– Ho futhumatsa ho sebetsang hantle haholoanyane,
– Taolo ea mocheso o nepahetseng ho fokotsa litšila,
– Enjene e bolokang eneji,
– Sistimi e ntlafaditsweng ya ho phodisa.
Ka taolo e ntle ea ts'ebetso, bahlahisi ba ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka mithara ea cable le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea liphoso tse lebisang tšenyo.
2. Ho hokahanya ho hlwekileng bakeng sa XLPE
Bakeng sa dithapo tsa motlakase tse mahareng ho isa ho tse phahameng, XLPE (polyethylene e hokahaneng ka sefapano) e sebediswa hangata ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso hantle le thepa ya motlakase. Leha ho le jwalo, mekgwa ya setso ya ho hokahanya ka sefapano e ka kenyelletsa dikhemikhale tse itseng mme ya hloka taolo e tiileng. Dintlha tse ntjha tsa tshebetso di kenyeletsa:
– Sistimi e hokahanyang e tsitsitseng haholoanyane le e nang le mosi o fokolang,
– Tlhokomelo ea inthanete ho netefatsa hore lihokelo tse fapaneng lia lekana,
– Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea matla bakeng sa tšebeliso e tlase ea matla.
Leha XLPE e sa sebelisoe habonolo kamehla ka lebaka la tlhaho ea eona e "kopaneng", indasteri e boetse e ntse e ntlafatsa mekhoa ea ho e sebelisa hape kapa ho e sebelisa lits'ebetsong tse itseng kamora ho sebetsoa.
3. Thepa ea thermoplastic e le mokhoa o mong o bonolo ho o sebelisa hape
Kaha thepa ea thermoplastic e ka qhibilihisoa hape, bahlahisi ba bang ba khothalletsa tšebeliso ea thermoplastics e sebetsang hantle e le sebaka sa thepa e thata ho sebelisoa hape. Mohlala, li-polyolefin tse itseng tsa thermoplastic li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse neng li hloka thepa e rarahaneng haholoanyane pele. Leano lena hangata le kopanngoa le meralo ea cable e nolofalletsang karohano ea ply.
4. Phokotso ea solvent le mekhoa e thehiloeng metsing
Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse itseng tse kang ho penta kapa ho tšoaea, indasteri e batla ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea li-solvent tsa tlhaho (li-VOC) le ho fetela lits'ebetsong tse thehiloeng metsing kapa mekhoa ea ho tšoaea e hloekileng (mohlala, jete ea inkjet ea indasteri ea VOC e tlase kapa ho tšoaea ka laser lijaketeng).
Moralo oa likhoele bakeng sa moruo o chitja
Theknoloji e sireletsang tikoloho ha e felle fekthering; moralo oa sehlahisoa o etsa qeto ea bophelo ba cable kamora ts'ebeletso. Melao-motheo ea "moralo oa ho sebelisa hape" e kenyelletsa:
– E fokotsa motswako wa dintho tse thata ho di arola.
– E sebelisa mekhahlelo e lumellanang bakeng sa ho e lokisa hape habonolo.
– Ho tshwaya thepa e ka hara sekwahelo bakeng sa ho e tsebahatsa habonolo.
– Qoba lintho tse eketsang lintho tse sitisang ho sebelisoa hape kapa tse kotsi mohatong oa ho qetela.
Likhoele tse entsoeng hantle li lumella lits'ebetso tsa ho sebelisa hape ka mechine: ho seha, ho hlobola, ho arola tšepe ea koporo/aluminium, le ho e lokisa ka polymer hore e be li-pellets bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape.
Ho sebelisa hape likhoele: ho tloha lithōleng ho ea mehloling
Hona jwale, karolo ya bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa ya thapo ke mokhanni wa yona. Koporo le aluminium di bonolo ho sebediswa hape mme di na le boleng bo hodimo ba moruo. Bothata bo boholo ke ho sebetsana le polymer e thibelang ho ruruha. Ditheknoloji tse sebediswang di kenyeletsa:
– Granulator le karohano ho arola tšepe ho polasetiki ka mechini.
– Ho hlwekisa ka polymer ka ho sefa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba dipellet tse sebediswang hape.
– Maemong a itseng, lits'ebetso tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka nahanoa, leha li hloka litšenyehelo le taolo e thata ea tikoloho.
Ka sistimi e nepahetseng ea pokello, litšila tsa cable e ka ba mohloli oa bobeli oa thepa e tala. Sena se fokotsa tlhoko ea merafo ea tšepe le tlhahiso e ncha ea polymer.
Liphephetso le litaelo tsa nakong e tlang
Leha theknoloji ea cable e sireletsang tikoloho e ntse e hola ka potlako, ho na le liphephetso tse 'maloa:
1. Maemo a polokeho le tshebetso: dithapo di lokela ho fihlela maemo a motlakase, di hanele mocheso, di hanele mollo, mme di dule dilemo tse ngata.
2. Litšenyehelo le boholo: thepa e thehiloeng linthong tse phelang kapa lintho tse eketsang tikoloho ka linako tse ling li bitsa chelete e ngata ebile li fumaneha ka bongata.
3. Ho sebelisa hape thepa e rarahaneng: mefuta e meng ea likhoele (mohlala, likhoele tse khethehileng bakeng sa indasteri e boima) li ntse li sebelisa meaho ea thepa e mengata e thata ho e arola.
4. Ho hloka sistimi ea ho bokella litšila: meralo ea motheo ea ho bokella le ho sebetsana le litšila tsa cable ha e ajoe ka ho lekana.
Ho ya pele, boqapi bo tla lebisa ho di-polymer tse ntjha tse ka sebediswang hape habonolo, tse eketsang dikahare tse sebediswang hape ntle le ho tela boleng, tse sebedisang matla a ntjhafatswang tshebetsong ya tlhahiso, le ho etsa hore dijithale di sebetse (ho latela thepa) ho tshehetsa moruo o chitja.
Ho koala
Theknoloji ea tlhahiso ea lithapo tse sebelisang thepa e sireletsang tikoloho ke mohato oa leano o lebisang indastering e nang le boikarabelo haholoanyane. Ka tšebeliso ea thepa e se nang halogen, li-polymer tse thehiloeng linthong tse phelang, litaba tse sebelisitsoeng hape, lintho tse ling tse sireletsehileng, le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso tse bolokang matla, lithapo li ke ke tsa tšepahala feela empa hape li ka lumellana le litlhoko tsa polanete. Ka tšehetso ea moralo o ka sebelisoang hape le litsamaiso tse ntle tsa taolo ea litšila, lithapo tseo pele li neng li nkoa li le thata ho li sebelisa hape li ka fetoloa mehloli ea bohlokoa lipotolohong tse ncha tsa tlhahiso. Qetellong, phetoho ea lithapo tse sireletsang tikoloho ha se khetho ea botekgeniki feela, empa ke letsete la nako e telele polokehong, katlehong le botsitsong.
