Metamorphism le Mehlala ke Eng
Metamorphism ke ts'ebetso ea jeoloji e fetolang mineralology, sebopeho le sebopeho sa mafika ka lebaka la liphetoho maemong a tikoloho, joalo ka mocheso, khatello le ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale. Ts'ebetso ena e etsahala botebong ba lekoko la Lefatše, moo mafika a teng a pepesehelang maemo a fapaneng haholo le ao a thehiloeng tlas'a 'ona. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa metamorphism ka botlalo le ho fana ka mehlala e meng ea 'nete ea mafika a tloaelehileng a metamorphic.
Tlhaloso ea Metamorphism
Lentsoe "metamorphism" le tsoa mantsoeng a Segerike "meta," a bolelang "phetoho," le "morph," a bolelang "sebopeho." Ka ho toba, metamorphism e bolela phetoho sebopehong. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa liphetoho sebopehong sa diminerale le sebopeho sa mafika a teng ntle le ho qhibiliha. Mafika a kileng a feta metamorphism hangata a bitsoa mafika a metamorphic.
Mabaka a Susumetsang Metamorphism
Mabaka a mang a ka sehloohong a susumetsang ts'ebetso ea metamorphic a kenyelletsa:
1. Mocheso: Mocheso o phahameng o ka potlakisa diketso tsa dikhemikhale mafikeng, wa dumella diathomo tse dimineraleng tsa mafika ho tsamaya le ho theha diminerale tse ntjha tse tsitsitseng haholoanyane maemong ana a mocheso.
2. Kgatelelo: Kgatelelo e phahameng e bakwang ke ditshebetso tsa tectonic tse kang subduction kapa menahano e ka fetola sebopeho sa diminerale majweng, ya etsa hore a be teteaneng le ho tsitsisa tlasa maemo a matjha.
3. Metsi: Boteng ba maro a nang le li-ion tse ngata bo thusa ts'ebetsong ea ho theha liminerale tse ncha ka ho jara li-ion tse hlokahalang bakeng sa liketso tsa phetoho.
4. Nako: Ts'ebetso ea phetoho e nka nako e telele, hangata limilione tsa lilemo, ho fihlela sebopeho se secha se tsitsitseng.
Mefuta ea Metamorphism
Metamorphism e ka aroloa ka mefuta e mengata ho latela mabaka a laolang ts'ebetso. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea metamorphism ke ena:
1. Metamorphism ea ho ikopanya
Ho fetoha ha mafika a kopanang le mafika ho etsahala ha mafika a pepesehela mocheso o phahameng o hlahisoang ke ho kenella ha magma lefikeng la moamoheli. Ts'ebetso ena hangata e lekanyelitsoe libakeng tse haufi le mohloli oa mocheso 'me hangata ha e akarelletse libaka tse kholo. Mohlala o tloaelehileng oa ho fetoha ha mafika a kopanang le mafika ke ho thehoa ha li-hornfel, lefika le thata haholo le fetoloang ke ho futhumatsoa ke magma.
2. Phetoho ea Libaka
Phetoho ea libaka e etsahala ka tekanyo e kholo 'me hangata e amahanngoa le lits'ebetso tsa tectonic tse kang subduction le plate collision. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mocheso o phahameng le likhatello 'me e ama libaka tse kholo. Sephetho se seng sa phetoho ea libaka ke ho thehoa ha schist le gneiss, mefuta e 'meli ea lefika la metamorphic le atisang ho fumanoa libakeng tse kholo tsa lithaba.
3. Phetoho e Fetohang (Phetoho)
Phetoho e matla e hlaha haholo-holo ka lebaka la khatello e hlahisoang ke matla a tectonic. Ts'ebetso ena hangata e fella ka liphetoho tse kholo tsa sebopeho, joalo ka ho thehoa ha makhasi, moo liminerale ka har'a lefika li hlophisitsoeng ka mekhahlelo e bapileng. Mohlala oa phetoho e matla ke mylonite, e hlahang ka lebaka la phetoho e matla.
4. Phetoho ea Mocheso oa Metsi
Phetoho ea hydrothermal e kenyelletsa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale tse bakoang ke maro a chesang a kenang mafikeng. Sena se atisa ho etsahala haufi le masoba a metsi a chesang fatše leoatleng kapa haufi le libaka tse ka tlas'a lefatše. Mofuta ona oa phetoho ea hydrothermal o ka hlahisa liminerale tsa bohlokoa moruong, tse kang li-ore tse rarahaneng tsa sulfate.
Mehlala ea Mafika a Metamorphic
Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea mafika a metamorphic a thehiloeng ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea metamorphic. Mehlala e meng ea mafika a metamorphic hammoho le kamoo a thehiloeng kateng ke ena:
1. Letlapa
Slate ke lefika le fetotseng mafika a kang shale. Tshebetso ena e fetotseng mafika hangata e hloka kgatello e tlase ho isa ho e mahareng le mocheso o tlase. Slate e tsebahala ka bokgoni ba yona ba ho arolwa ka masela a masesaane, e leng se etsang hore e be molemo bakeng sa marulelo le thepa ya dithaele.
2. Schist
Schist ke mofuta oa lefika le feto-fetohang le nkiloeng mafikeng a sedimentary a nang le lithollo tse kholo joalo ka shale kapa sedstone. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa likhatello le mocheso o phahameng ho feta o hlokahalang ho theha slate, e leng se fellang ka makhasi a fapaneng le sebopeho se seholo.
3. Gneiss
Gneiss ke lefika le fetotsweng ka mafika a igneous kapa sedimentary a neng a ena le sebopeho se fapaneng qalong. Metamorphism e matla ya sebaka e hlahisa dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa diminerale, tse nang le dikarolo tse ikgethang tse lefifi le tse bobebe.
4. 'Mabole
Mabole ke lefika le fetotsweng ka mokgwa wa metamorphic le tswang majweng a carbonate a kang lejwe la mokoetla. Mokgwa wa metamorphism, tlasa mocheso o phahameng le kgatello, o fetola calcite ka hara lejwe la mokoetla hore e be sebopeho se seholo, se teteaneng sa kristale, e leng se fellang ka lejwe le thata le bitswang mabole. Mabole hangata a sebediswa bononong le kahong bakeng sa botle ba wona.
5. Quartzite
Quartzite ke phetoho ea lefika la lehlabathe le nang le sedimentary le entsoeng haholo-holo ka quartz. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa khatello e eketsehileng le mocheso, e leng se etsang hore quartz binder e be teteaneng haholo le e kopaneng.
6. Li-hornfels
Li-hornfels li thehoa ka ho fetoha ha li-contact metamorphism ha majoe a teng a pepesehetse mocheso oa magmatism. Sebopeho sa eona hangata se thata haholo ebile se tiile, 'me hangata se sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa indasteri tse hlokang thepa e hanelang mocheso.
Bohlokoa ba ho Ithuta Metamorphism
Ho utloisisa metamorphism le mefuta ea mafika a metamorphic ho fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa historing ea jeoloji ea Lefatše le nts'etsopele ea bokaholimo ba Lefatše. Thuto ea mafika a metamorphic le eona ea bohlokoa indastering ea merafo, kaha liminerale tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa li fumanoa mafikeng a metamorphic, ho kenyeletsoa khauta, silevera le litšepe tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e tse sa tloaelehang.
Qetello
Metamorphism ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ea jeoloji e bapalang karolo e kholo ho thehoeng ha bokaholimo ba Lefatše. Ka ho fetola thepa ea mineralological, sebopeho le sebopeho sa majoe a seng a ntse a le teng, ts'ebetso ena e hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea majoe a metamorphic a fumanehang lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho tloha letlapeng ho ea ho 'mabole, mefuta e fapaneng ea majoe a metamorphic e pheta pale e telele ea maemo a fetohang a jeoloji ka tlas'a bokaholimo ba Lefatše. Thuto ea metamorphism ha e re thuse feela ho utloisisa nalane ea Lefatše hamolemo empa hape e na le lits'ebetso tse sebetsang indastering ea merafo le ea kaho.
