Kalafo ea 'mele Phekolong ea Mathata a Methapo a Ikemetseng
Mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo e ikemetseng—hangata a bitsoang ho se sebetse hantle ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea autonomic (ANS)—ke maemo ao karolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo e laolang mesebetsi ea 'mele ea "othomathiki" e sa sebetseng hantle. Tsamaiso ena e laola lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa tse etsahalang ka ho se tsebe, joalo ka sekhahla sa pelo, khatello ea mali, ho hema, tšilo ea lijo, mocheso oa 'mele, ho fufuleloa, le karabelo ea 'mele khatellong ea maikutlo. Ha mathata a hlaha, motho a ka ba le matšoao a fapaneng: ho tsekela ha a eme, ho otla ha pelo ka matla, mokhathala, ho se mamelle mocheso, mathata a boroko, mathata a tšilo ea lijo le bohloko bo sa foleng. Moelelong ona, physiotherapy e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho thuseng ho tsosolosa mamello ea mesebetsi, ho fokotsa matšoao, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ka boikoetliso, thuto le taolo ea karabelo ea 'mele liphetohong tsa boemo le moroalo oa 'mele.
Ho utloisisa mathata a methapo ea kutlo a ikemetseng: matšoao le lisosa
Ho se sebetse hantle ha tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea autonomic ha se lefu le le leng, empa ke lentsoe le akaretsang bakeng sa maemo a fapaneng. Mehlala e kenyelletsa orthostatic hypotension (ho theoha ha khatello ea mali ha motho a eme), POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome), post-infectious dysautonomia, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, le autonomic dysfunction mafung a neurodegenerative. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa ho tsekela kapa ho akheha ha motho a eme, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, moholi oa boko, mokhathala, hlooho e opang, ho otla ha pelo, ho hema hanyane, le mathata a ho fufuleloa. Hobane matšoao a ka etsisa mathata a pelo, mathata a ho tšoenyeha, kapa mokhathala o sa foleng, tlhahlobo e nepahetseng ea bongaka ea bohlokoa ho netefatsa tlhahlobo le ho tlosa lisosa tse ling.
Lisosa tsa mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo li ka fapana: mabaka a liphatsa tsa lefutso, tšenyo ea methapo e bakoang ke lefu la tsoekere, litla-morao tsa meriana, ho felloa ke metsi ho sa feleng, maemo a ho itšireletsa mafung, mathata a kamora vaerase, kapa ho emisoa nako e telele. Ho feta moo, khatello ea 'mele e kang ho hloka boroko, bohloko bo sa laoleheng, le maemo a kelello li ka mpefatsa matšoao hobane ANS e amana haufi-ufi le likarabelo tsa "ntoa-kapa-ho fofa" le "ho phomola-le-ho sila".
Ke hobane'ng ha physiotherapy e le ea bohlokoa mathateng a methapo ea kutlo a ikemetseng?
Kalafo ea 'mele ha e "phekole" lisosa tsohle tsa dysautonomia, haholo-holo ha e amahanngoa le lefu la tsamaiso ea methapo. Leha ho le joalo, e sebetsa haholo e le karolo ea moralo o felletseng oa taolo bakeng sa:
1. Eketsa mamello ea orthostatic (bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho sebetsana le boemo ba ho ema ntle le ho tsekela/ho otla ha pelo).
2. Eketsa butle-butle bokgoni ba pelo le ho phefumoloha ntle le ho baka ho phatloha ha matshwao.
3. E ntlafatsa taolo ea ho hema le ho fokotsa ho hloka matla ha kutloelo-bohloko.
4. E fokotsa ho fokola ha mmele (ho fokotseha ha boikoetliso ka lebaka la ho hloka mosebetsi) e leng se atisang ho mpefatsa matšoao.
5. Ntlafatsa mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi: ho tsamaea, ho sebetsa, mesebetsi ea lapeng, le boikoetliso bo bobebe.
Mekhoa ea phekolo ea 'mele e khethoa ka bomong. Lenaneo la mokuli ea nang le POTS, mohlala, le tla fapana le la lefu la tsoekere le sa foleng kapa hypotension ea orthostatic ho batho ba hōlileng. Ka hona, tlhahlobo ea pele e theha motheo oa phekolo.
Tlhahlobo ea phekolo ea 'mele: ho feta ho ikoetlisa feela
Ketelong ea pele, setsebi sa 'mele hangata se hlahloba nalane ea matšoao a hau, lintho tse u bakelang matšoao (ho ema nako e telele, ho hlapa ka metsi a chesang, ka mor'a lijo, ho se noe metsi a lekaneng), mekhoa ea boikoetliso, boleng ba boroko, le nalane ea bongaka le meriana. Tlhahlobo e ka kenyelletsa ho lekanya matšoao a bohlokoa (sekhahla sa pelo, khatello ea mali, sekhahla sa ho hema) maemong a 'maloa - ho robala, ho lula le ho ema - ho lekola likarabelo tsa orthostatic. Bokhoni ba ho sebetsa (mohlala, ho mamella ho tsamaea), matla a mesifa, ho tenyetseha, boemo ba 'mele, mekhoa ea ho hema, le matšoao a ho hema butle-butle le tsona lia hlahlojoa.
Lingaka tsa 'mele li boetse li nahana ka mathata a mang a kang ho se tsamaye hantle ha manonyeletso, bohloko bo sa foleng, mathata a vestibular, kapa matšoenyeho, a ka mpefatsang matšoao. Sepheo ha se feela ho ntlafatsa boikoetliso ba 'mele empa hape ke ho boloka polokeho ea mokuli le ho thibela matšoao ho mpefala.
Leano la koetliso: butle-butle, le lekantsoe, 'me le bolokehile
Motheo oa physiotherapy bakeng sa mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ke boikoetliso bo hlophisitsoeng bo thehiloeng molao-motheong oa "qala tlase, e-ea butle." Bakuli ba bangata ba ba le ho phatloha ha mesifa haeba ba eketsa ts'ebetso ea bona kapele haholo. Maano a mang a bohlokoa a kenyelletsa:
1. Itloaetse u robetse ka lehlakore kapa u robetse hanyane.
Mokhahlelong oa pele, boikoetliso hangata bo qala ka maemo a fokotsang khatello ea maikutlo ea orthostatic, joalo ka:
– baesekele e rapameng (baesekele e sa sisinyeheng e rapameng),
– mochini oa ho soka (o nang le tlhokomelo),
– boikoetliso ba materase: ho kopanya, ho fetola kokoanyana e shweleng, kapa metsamao ya maoto.
Sepheo ke ho haha bokgoni ba ho ikoetlisa le matla ntle le ho baka ho tsekela ho feteletseng.
2. Ho fetela maemong a ho dula le ho ema
Ha mamello e ntse e eketseha, boikoetliso bo ka tsoela pele ho:
- baesekele ea boikoetliso e tloaelehileng,
– ho ikoetlisa ho matlafatsa motho a lutse/a eme,
- ho tsamaea ka maoto nako e khutšoanyane,
– boikoetliso ba ho leka-lekanya lintho habonolo.
Tswelopele e itshetlehile ka karabelo ya matshwao, eseng feela ka dinako tse rerilweng. Tekolo ya sekgahla sa pelo le sekgahla sa boiteko (RPE) hangata di sebediswa ho netefatsa hore koetliso e dula e le sebakeng se bolokehileng.
3. Koetliso ea matla bakeng sa "pompo ea mesifa"
Ho matlafatsa mesifa ea leoto le ea mantlha ho bohlokoa ho thusa ho khutlela ha methapo ea mali pelong. Mesifa ea namane le ea serope e sebetsa e le "pompo" e fokotsang ho bokellana ha mali maotong ha a eme. Boikoetliso bo kang ho phahamisa namane, ho squats e fetotsoeng, li-hinge tsa letheka, kapa ho hatella maoto ka bonolo bo ka kenyelletsoa hammoho le liphetoho.
4. Boikoetliso ba ho hema le taolo ea tsamaiso ea methapo
Mekhoa e fokolang ea ho hema ka potlako e ka eketsa matšoao a kang ho otla ha pelo le ho tšoenyeha. Lingaka tsa 'mele li ka ruta:
- ho hema ka diaphragm,
– ho lelefatsa nako ya ho ntsha moya,
– boikoetliso ba “ho hema ka lebelo”,
– ho phomola mesifa ho tsoelang pele.
Boikoetliso bona bo ikemiseditse ho thusa ho leka-lekanya tsamaiso ya kutloelo-bohloko le parasympathetic e le hore matshwao a laolehe habonolo, haholoholo maemong a kgatello ya maikutlo.
Thuto le phetoho ea mokhoa oa bophelo: karolo ea bohlokoa ea physiotherapy
Ntle le boikoetliso, thuto ke tšiea ea bohlokoa. Matšoao a mangata aa ntlafala ha bakuli ba utloisisa lintho tse bakang le maano a thibelo. Tse ling tsa lihlooho tse tšohloang khafetsa li kenyelletsa:
– Taolo ea boemo: tsoha borokong butle-butle (ho robala → ho lula → ho ema), qoba ho ema nako e telele haholo, 'me u etse mekhoa e khahlanong le eona (mohlala, ho tšela maoto, ho tiisa mesifa ea namane ea hao) ha u qala ho ikutloa u tsekela.
– Taolo ea mocheso: Mocheso o ka atolosa methapo ea mali le ho mpefatsa matšoao. Bakuli ba eletsoa ho qoba ho hlapa ka metsi a chesang haholo le ho netefatsa hore moea o kena hantle.
– Ho lekanya lebelo la mesebetsi: ho arola mesebetsi ka diboloko tse nyane, tse kopantsweng le dikgeo, ho thibela "ho thula" kamora mosebetsi.
– Ho nosetsa le phepo e nepahetseng: Bakuli ba bangata ba hloka leano le tsitsitseng la ho nosetsa; leha ho le jwalo, sena se lokela ho etswa ho ya ka boemo ba bona ba bongaka (mohlala, mathata a liphio kapa a pelo). Hangata dingaka tsa physiotherapist di sebelisana le dingaka tsa tsona bakeng sa dikgothaletso tse bolokehileng.
– Tšebeliso ea khatello: bakuli ba bang ba fumana likausi tsa khatello kapa lintho tse kopanyang mpa li thusa ho fokotsa ho bokellana ha mali, joalo ka ha setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se laetse.
Tšebelisano-'moho le ts'ireletso ea litsebi tse fapaneng
Taolo ea mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo e ikemetseng e kenyelletsa sehlopha sa lingaka (litsebi tsa methapo ea kutlo, lingaka tsa internist, litsebi tsa pelo), litsebi tsa physiotherapists, litsebi tsa phepo e nepahetseng, 'me, haeba ho hlokahala, litsebi tsa kelello/litsebi tsa mafu a kelello. Litsebi tsa physiotherapists li hloka ho tseba hore na li lokela ho bua neng hape: mohlala, haeba ho e-na le ho akheha khafetsa, bohloko ba sefuba, ho hema ka thata, ho theoha ha boima ba 'mele ho sa hlaloseheng, kapa matšoao a tsoelang pele a methapo ea kutlo.
Polokeho ea boikoetliso ke ntho ea bohlokoa. Boikoetliso hangata bo hlophisitsoe ka ho futhumala ho lekaneng, matla a tlase a itekanetseng, ho phola butle-butle, le tlhahlobo ea kamora boikoetliso ho netefatsa hore ha ho na ho phatloha ho hoholo ha nako e telele. Bakeng sa bakuli ba bang, boikoetliso bo bokhutšoanyane bo atisang ho etsoa bo sebetsa hantle ho feta linako tse telele.
Qetello
Kalafo ea 'mele e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa taolong ea mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ka lenaneo la boikoetliso bo butle-butle, ho matlafatsa mesifa e tšehetsang phallo ea mali, boikoetliso ba ho hema ho laola karabelo ea khatello ea maikutlo, le thuto e tebileng mabapi le lintho tse bakang le maano a mesebetsi ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, o shebaneng le 'mele, le o sebelisanang, physiotherapy e thusa bakuli ho tsosolosa mamello ea bona bakeng sa ts'ebetso, ho fokotsa matšoao a kang ho tsekela le mokhathala, le ho ntlafatsa boleng ba bophelo ba bona. Mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea kutlo a rarahane, empa ka moralo o nepahetseng oa tsosoloso - le ho o khomarela ka tieo - bakuli ba bangata ba ka fihlela ts'ebetso e ntlafetseng haholo nakong e telele.
