Phapang Pakeng tsa Catabolism le Anabolism
Metabolism ke letoto la diketso tsa dikhemikhale mmeleng tse thusang diphedi ho phela ka ho boloka sebopeho le tshebetso ya tsona. Ditshebetso tse pedi tse ka sehloohong tse amehang metabolism ke catabolism le anabolism. Le hoja ka bobedi di le bohlokwa ebile di amana, di bapala karolo e fapaneng haholo baelojing ya sele. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba dipharologanyo tsa motheo pakeng tsa catabolism le anabolism le kamoo di sebetsang mmoho ho tshehetsa bophelo.
Tlhaloso le Mosebetsi
Katabolism
Catabolism ke ts'ebetso ea metabolism e arolang limolek'hule tse rarahaneng ho li etsa tse bonolo, ka kakaretso li hlahisa matla ka mokhoa oa adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mehlala ea lits'ebetso tsa catabolic e kenyelletsa glycolysis, potoloho ea Krebs, le ketane ea lipalangoang tsa lielektrone. Matla a hlahisoang ho tsoa lits'ebetsong tsena a sebelisetsoa ho tšehetsa mesebetsi ea sele e hlokang matla, joalo ka motsamao, tlhahiso ea limolek'hule, le ho boloka li-gradients tsa electrochemical ho pholletsa le lera la sele.
Anabolism
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, anabolism ke ts'ebetso ea metabolism e hahang limolek'hule tse rarahaneng ho tsoa ho tse bonolo. Ts'ebetso ena e hloka matla, hangata a tsoang ho ATP e hlahisoang nakong ea catabolism. Ts'ebetso ea anabolic e kenyelletsa tlhahiso ea protheine, ho ikatisa ha DNA, le biosynthesis ea lipid. Ts'ebetso tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa kholo, tokiso ea lisele, le polokelo ea matla ka mokhoa oa limolek'hule tsa tlhaho tse kang glycogen le mafura.
Mokhoa oa Karabelo
Katabolism
Hangata dikarabelo tsa catabolic ke tsa exothermic, moo matla a ntshwang nakong ya ho senyeha ha dimolek'hule. Mohlala o motle ke glycolysis, moo molek'hule e le nngwe ya glucose e arolwang ka dimolek'hule tse pedi tsa pyruvate, tse hlahisang ATP le NADH. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa dienzyme tse ikgethang haholo tse susumetsang dikarabelo mohatong o mong le o mong.
Anabolism
Hangata dikarabelo tsa anabolic ke tsa endothermic, ho bolelang hore matla a tlameha ho monywa ho qala karabelo. Mohlala, tlhahiso ya protheine e hloka matla a tswang ho ATP ho etsa dibopeho tsa peptide pakeng tsa di-amino acid. Tshebetso ena e boetse e itshetlehile haholo hodima dienzyme tse ikgethang tse tataisang dikarabelo ho hlahisa dihlahiswa tsa ho qetela tse hlokoang ke disele.
Taolo le Khokahano
Mekhoa ena e 'meli e laoloa ka hloko ho boloka botsitso ba matla ka har'a sele. Li-enzyme tse amehang ho catabolism le anabolism hangata li laoloa ke mekhoa e fapaneng ea taolo e kang phosphorylation, thibelo ea maikutlo, le taolo ea allosteric. Mohlala, li-enzyme tsa bohlokoa ho glycolysis li laoloa ho netefatsa hore matla ha a hlahisoe ho feta tekano.
Insulin le glucagon ke lihormone tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa ho laoleng tekano lipakeng tsa catabolism le anabolism. Insulin e khothalletsa lits'ebetso tsa anabolic tse kang glycogen le synthesis ea lipid, ha glucagon e khothaletsa lits'ebetso tsa catabolic tse kang ho senyeha ha glycogen le lipids ho fana ka glucose e le mohloli oa matla.
Mehlala ea 'Nete
Katabolism
– Glycolysis: Ts'ebetso eo ka yona molek'hule e le 'ngoe ea glucose e aroloang ka limolek'hule tse peli tsa pyruvate ka har'a cytoplasm ea sele.
– Potoloho ea Krebs: Kamora glycolysis, pyruvate e boetse e haelloa ke hydrolyzed mitochondria ho hlahisa NADH le FADH2 hammoho le ATP.
– Ketane ea Lipalangoang tsa Elektrone: NADH le FADH2 lia oxidized ho hlahisa ATP e ngata ka phosphorylation ea oxidative.
Anabolism
– Ho kopanya protheine: Li-ribosome li bala mRNA ho kopanya li-amino acid ho etsa liprotheine.
– Ho pheta-pheta ha DNA: Ts'ebetso ea ho kopitsa lintho tsa lefutso pele ho karohano ea sele.
– Lipid Biosynthesis: Acetyl-CoA e sebelisetsoa ho kopanya mafura a acid ao ebe a kopanngoa ho ba triglycerides kapa phospholipids.
Liphapang tsa Matla
Matla a catabolism le anabolism a amana haufi-ufi le boemo ba matla a lisele. Catabolism e sebetsa ho hlahisa ATP, e hlokahalang e le "chelete ea matla" liseleng. Mohlala, ho senyeha ha tsoekere ka glycolysis, potoloho ea Krebs, le ketane ea lipalangoang tsa lielektrone li ka hlahisa limolek'hule tsa ATP tse ka bang 30-32 ho tsoa molek'huleng e le 'ngoe ea tsoekere.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, anabolism e hloka matsete a matla. Mohlala, tlhahiso ya molek'hule e le 'ngoe ea glycogen ho tsoa ho glucose e hloka matla a tsoang ho uridine triphosphate (UTP), ha tlhahiso ya molek'hule e le 'ngoe ea protheine ho tsoa ho li-amino acid e boetse e hloka limolek'hule tse 'maloa tsa ATP le GTP bakeng sa ho lokisa maqhama a peptide.
Moelelo oa Selefouno le 'Mele
Boemong ba sele, lits'ebetso tsena tse peli li etsahala likarolong tse fapaneng tsa sele. Hangata catabolism e qala ka har'a cytoplasm mme e tsoela pele ka har'a mitochondria, ha liketso tse ngata tsa anabolic li etsahala ka har'a endoplasmic reticulum le sesebelisoa sa Golgi.
Moelelong oa 'mele, mesifa e sebetsang ka thata nakong ea boikoetliso ba 'mele e tla ba le keketseho ea metabolism ea catabolic ho hlahisa matla a lekaneng bakeng sa ho honyela ha mesifa. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisele tsa sebete hangata li ameha haholoanyane lits'ebetsong tsa anabolic, tse kang polokelo ea tsoekere e le glycogen le tlhahiso ea mafura.
Qetello
Katabolism le anabolism ke mahlakore a mabedi a tjhelete e le nngwe: metabolism, e leng ya bohlokwa bakeng sa bophelo. Katabolism e arola dimolek'hule tse rarahaneng ho di etsa tse bonolo mme e hlahisa matla a hlokahalang ke disele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, anabolism e haha dimolek'hule tse rarahaneng ho tloha ho tse bonolo ho sebedisa matla a hlahiswang ke catabolism. Ka bobedi di laolwa ka hloko ke mekgwa e fapaneng ya baeloji ho boloka homeostasis le tshebetso e ntle ya sele. Ho utlwisisa dipharologanyo le dikamano pakeng tsa tse pedi ho fana ka temohisiso ya hore na mmele o boloka tekatekano le bokgoni jwang ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa wona tsa mmele.
