Karolo ea Li-Leukocyte Tsamaisong ea 'Mele ea ho Itšireletsa
Li-leukocyte, kapa lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng bophelo bo botle le ho sireletsa 'mele mafung a fapaneng. Ntle le tsamaiso e sebetsang ea leukocyte, 'mele ea rona e ka ba kotsing ea tšoaetso ke likokoana-hloko tse bakang mafu, tse kang libaktheria, livaerase, li-fungus le likokoana-hloko. Li-leukocyte li sebetsa e le tsamaiso ea mantlha ea tšireletso, li lemoha le ho loantša lintho tse bakang mafu ka mokhoa o rarahaneng le o hokahaneng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla karolo ea li-leukocyte tsamaisong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-leukocyte le mekhoa ea tsona ea ts'ebetso.
Mefuta ea Leukocyte
Li-leukocyte li ka aroloa ka mefuta e 'maloa ho latela mosebetsi oa tsona le litšobotsi tsa tsona tsa sebopeho:
1. Li-neutrophil: Mofuta o mongata oa leukocyte maling 'me o sebetsa e le mothati oa pele oa tšireletso khahlanong le tšoaetso ea baktheria le fungal. Li-neutrophil li ka tsamaea kapele ho ea sebakeng seo tšoaetso e leng ho sona 'me tsa etsa phagocytosis, e leng mokhoa oa ho koenya le ho timetsa likokoana-hloko.
2. Li-lymphocyte: Li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: Lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B. Lisele tsa T li bapala karolo karabelong ea sesole sa 'mele ka ho bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng kapa ho thusa ho laola karabelo ea sesole sa 'mele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisele tsa B li ikarabella bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-antibodies karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea humoral.
3. Li-monocyte: Ka mora ho potoloha maling, li-monocyte li ka fallela liseleng 'me tsa arohana ka li-macrophage kapa lisele tsa dendritic. Ka bobeli li bapala karolo ho phagocytosis le tlhahiso ea antigen ho lisele tsa T, e leng senotlolo sa ho qala karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo.
4. Li-Eosinophil: Li ameha karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung khahlanong le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko 'me li boetse li phetha karolo ea ho arabela ho allergy. Li-Eosinophil li na le bokhoni ba ho senya likokoana-hloko ka ho lokolla li-enzyme tse senyang lera la likokoana-hloko.
5. Basophil: Le hoja e le tse fokolang ka ho fetisisa, basophil e phetha karolo ea ho arabela ho allergy le ho ruruha. Li lokolla histamine le lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse laolang likarabelo tsa ho ruruha.
Mokhoa oa ho Sebetsa oa Leukocyte
Li-leukocyte li sebetsa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ho sireletsa 'mele tšoaetsong le mafung. Tse ling tsa mekhoa ea mantlha eo li e sebelisang ke tsena:
Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis ke mokhoa oo ka oona li-leukocyte tse kang li-neutrophils le macrophages li kollang le ho timetsa likokoana-hloko. Mokhoa ona o kenyelletsa mehato e 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa le chemotaxis (ho tsamaea ho ea sebakeng seo tšoaetso e leng ho sona ho tataisoang ke matšoao a lik'hemik'hale), ho tlama kokoana-hloko ka li-receptor tse itseng, le ho kenngoa ha kokoana-hloko ka hare ho phagosome. Ka hare ho phagosome, kokoana-hloko e hlaseloa le ho timetsoa ke li-enzyme tsa lysosomal.
Tlhahiso ea Li-antibody
Li-lymphocyte tsa B li ikarabella bakeng sa ho hlahisa li-antibodies tse lemohang le ho fokotsa likokoana-hloko. Ts'ebetso ena e qala ha lisele tsa B li kopana le antigen e itseng. Lisele tsa B li ntan'o kenya tšebetsong le ho arohana ka lisele tsa plasma, tse hlahisang li-antibodies tse ngata. Li-antibodies tsena li sebetsa ho tlama li-antigen holim'a likokoana-hloko, li li tšoaea hore li senngoe ke mekhoa e meng e kang complement kapa phagocytes.
Ts'ebetso ea Lymphocyte ea T
Li-lymphocyte tsa T li na le mefuta e 'maloa e fapaneng e nang le mesebetsi e fapaneng. Lisele tsa T tse thusang (CD4+) li lokolla li-cytokine tse susumetsang lisele tse ling tsa 'mele le ho ntlafatsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (CD8+) li lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke vaerase kapa kankere. Ho kenya tšebetsong ha lisele tsa T ho qala ka ho lemoha motsoako o moholo oa histocompatibility (MHC) liseleng tse hlahisang antigen (APCs), tse kang macrophages kapa lisele tsa dendritic.
Ho Lokolloa ha Cytokine
Li-cytokine li bontša limolek'hule tse nkiloeng ke li-leukocyte ho buisana le ho laola likarabo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung. Li ka hohela lisele tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung sebakeng sa tšoaetso (chemotaxis), tsa ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea phagocytic, le ho laola tlhahiso ea li-antibody. Mehlala ea li-cytokine e kenyelletsa li-interleukin (ILs), li-interferons (IFNs), le tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
Karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea tlhaho le ea ho ikamahanya le maemo
Li-leukocyte li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa mefuteng ka bobeli ea likarabo tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung: tse tsoaloang le tse ikamahanyang le maemo. Karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke mola oa pele oa tšireletso 'me e etsahala hang ka mor'a tšoaetso. E kenyelletsa lithibelo tsa 'mele (letlalo le mucosa), lisele tsa phagocytic (li-neutrophils, li-macrophage), lisele tsa 'molai oa tlhaho (NK), le liprotheine tsa serum tse kang complement.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanya le maemo e tobile haholoanyane 'me e nka nako e telele ho hola. E kenyelletsa ho lemoha antigen ka ho khetheha ke li-lymphocyte tsa B le T, ho thehoa ha mohopolo oa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung, le tlhahiso ea li-antibodies. Karabelo ea ho itšireletsa mafung e khetholloa ka ho ikhetha ha eona le bokhoni ba ho "hopola" likokoana-hloko tse kileng tsa kopana le tsona pele, ka hona e fana ka tšireletso e sebetsang haholoanyane khahlanong le tšoaetso e latelang.
Taolo ea Homeostasis
Ntle le ho loantša tšoaetso, li-leukocyte li boetse li sebetsa ho bolokeng homeostasis le tokiso ea lisele. Macrophages, mohlala, e bapala karolo ea ho tlosa lisele tse shoeleng le lithōle tse ling liseleng le ho tšehetsa lits'ebetso tsa tokiso ka ho lokolla lintlha tsa kholo. Li-eosinophil le li-basophil li bapala karolo ea ho buella karabelo ea ho ruruha e hlokahalang ho kokobetsa kotsi kapa tlhaselo ea likokoana-hloko.
Mathata a Mosebetsi oa Leukocyte
Mathata mosebetsing oa leukocyte a ka baka mafu a fapaneng. Mohlala, neutropenia ke boemo ba bongaka boo palo ea li-neutrophil e fokotsehang, e leng se etsang hore motho a be kotsing ea tšoaetso ea baktheria le fungus. Mafu a autoimmune, a kang systemic lupus erythematosus, a hlaha ha li-leukocyte li hlasela lisele tsa 'mele ka lebaka la ho hloleha ho itlhokomela ho tsoa ho tse ling. Bongata ba likankere tsa mali, tse kang leukemia, le tsona li kenyelletsa tlhahiso e feteletseng ea li-leukocyte kapa ho se sebetse hantle ha tsona.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likokoana-hloko tse ling li na le mekhoa ea ho qoba kapa ho thibela karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ea leukocyte. Ka mohlala, kokoana-hloko ea HIV e hlasela lisele tsa T tse thusang 'me e senya sesole sa' mele, e leng se lebisang ho AIDS.
Qetello
Li-leukocyte ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa sesole sa 'mele, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa ho lemoha, ho hlasela le ho senya likokoana-hloko. Li sebetsa ka mekhoa e fapaneng e rarahaneng le e hokahaneng, ho kenyeletsoa phagocytosis, tlhahiso ea li-antibody, ho kenya tšebetsong lisele tsa T, le ho lokolloa ha cytokine. Ho feta moo, li-leukocyte li bapala karolo ea ho boloka homeostasis le tokiso ea lisele. Litšitiso mosebetsing oa li-leukocyte li ka lebisa mafung a fapaneng, ho totobatsa bohlokoa ba lisele tsena ho bolokeng bophelo bo botle le ho loants'a mafu. Ka ho utloisisa hamolemo karolo le mekhoa ea li-leukocyte, re ka nts'etsapele mekhoa e sebetsang haholoanyane ea bongaka ho matlafatsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
