Thuto ea Hans Georg Gadamer ea Hermeneutics le Khopolo-taba ea Tlhaloso
Hermeneutics ke thuto ea filosofi e shebaneng le khopolo-taba le mokhoa oa ho hlalosa, haholo-holo litemana. Tšimoloho ea lentsoe "hermeneutics" e ka lateloa ho molimo oa Bagerike Hermes, ea neng a sebetsa e le lenģosa pakeng tsa melimo le batho, hammoho le mofetoleli oa thato ea melimo. Ka kutloisiso ea mehleng ena, hermeneutics ha e felle feela lingoloeng tsa lingoliloeng, empa e boetse e akaretsa tlhaloso ea liketso tsa batho, lintho tsa setso, nalane le liketsahalo tsa sechaba. Motho e mong ea entseng monehelo o moholo ho hermeneutics e ne e le rafilosofi oa Lejeremane Hans-Georg Gadamer.
Hans-Georg Gadamer: Semelo sa Filosofi
Hans-Georg Gadamer o hlahile ka la 11 Hlakola, 1900, Marburg, Jeremane, mme a hlokahala ka la 13 Hlakubele, 2002. Gadamer e ne e le seithuti sa rafilosofi oa boteng ba lintho Martin Heidegger, 'me mosebetsi oa hae o ka sehloohong ke "Truth and Method" ("Wahrheit und Methode"), e hatisitsoeng ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1960. Ka mosebetsi ona, Gadamer ha aa ka a qapa mokhoa oa filosofi feela empa hape o ile a phephetsa kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na re utloisisa le ho hlalosa lefatše le re potileng joang.
Bukeng ea "Truth and Method," Gadamer o hlahloba likhopolo tsa 'nete le mokhoa lithutong tsa botho, a phephetsa pono e busang ea positivist ea nako eo. O tiisa hore mokhoa oa saense, o sebetsang hantle haholo mahlaleng a tlhaho, ha oa lekana ho hapa 'nete e felletseng ea boiphihlelo ba batho le liketsahalo tsa setso.
Khopolo ea Horizon ho Hermeneutics ea Gadamer
E 'ngoe ea likhopolo tsa bohlokoa ho hermeneutics ea Gadamer ke khopolo ea "horizon" le "horizon fusion." Gadamer o lumela hore motho ka mong o na le pono ea tsebo, e bōpiloeng ke nalane, setso le phihlelo ea hae. Pono ena e emela moeli le bokhoni ba kutloisiso le tlhaloso.
Ho kopanngoa ha mahlakore a hodimo ho hlalosa mokhoa oo tlhaloso e etsahalang ka oona ka ho kopana ha mahlakore a rona a tsebo le mahlakore a hodimo a mongolo kapa ntho e 'ngoe eo re lekang ho e utloisisa. Gadamer o hatisa hore kutloisiso ena ke ea puisano 'me e hlahisoa ka lipuisano pakeng tsa mahlakore ana a hodimo. Ka hona, tlhaloso ha se mosebetsi oa tsela e le 'ngoe, oa thuto ea motho ka mong, empa ke puisano e matla pakeng tsa mofetoleli le sepheo sa tlhaloso.
Pele ho Sehlooho le Leeme ho Hermeneutics
Gadamer o boetse o bua ka bohlokoa ba ho lemoha leeme tlhalosong. O pheha khang ea hore leeme ha se ntho e mpe feela, joalo ka ha ho nahanoa hangata, empa ke karolo ea motheo ea kutloisiso. Leeme lena le akaretsa temoho ea pele le kutloisiso ea pele eo re e tlisang tlhalosong. Ke litholoana tsa nalane ea rona, meetlo le moelelo oa setso; li tataisa tsela eo re utloisisang lefatše ka eona.
Ho fapana le mokhoa oa saense, o batlang ho felisa mefuta eohle ea leeme, Gadamer o buella ho lumela hore ho na le leeme le ho le sebelisa e le qalo ea kutloisiso e tebileng. Ho amohela hona ha ho bolele ho amohela leeme lohle ntle le ho hlahloba ka hloko, empa ho e-na le hoo ho nolofalletsa mokhoa oa puisano oo ho oona li lekoang le ho ntlafatsoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhaloso.
Hermeneutics e Hlahlobang le Histori ea Litlamorao
E 'ngoe ea menehelo ea bohlokoa ea Gadamer ke khopolo ea hae ea "histori ea liphello" (wirkungsgeschichte). O ile a pheha khang ea hore mongolo o mong le o mong kapa ketsahalo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le nalane ea liphello tseo e 'nileng ea hlalosoa ka tsona 'me e susumelitse babali le maemo nakong eohle ea ho ba teng ha eona. Histori ena ea liphello e akaretsa litlhaloso le litšusumetso tse fapaneng tseo mongolo o li hlahisitseng ha nako e ntse e ea.
Ka khopolo ena, Gadamer o bontša hore ha ho kutloisiso e se nang leeme kapa e se nang thuso ka ho feletseng, hobane boiteko bo bong le bo bong ba ho utloisisa bo lutse ka har'a moetlo o pharaletseng le nalane ea liphello. Nalane ena ea liphello e sebetsa kamehla ka har'a mokhoa oa tlhaloso, e re lumellang ho bona kamoo sengoloa kapa ketsahalo e itseng e susumelitseng le ho susumetsoa ke maemo a fapaneng a nalane.
Hermeneutics e le Puisano
Hermeneutics ea Gadamer e tsamaisana le puisano. O lumela hore kutloisiso ha se mosebetsi o ikemetseng oa kelello, empa ke ts'ebetso ea puisano e hokahaneng le ba bang. Sengoloa kapa ketsahalo e hlalosoa ka botlalo feela ka puisano pakeng tsa libaka tse fapaneng tsa kutloisiso tse amehang.
Ho ea ka Gadamer, puisano ena e kenyelletsa "lipotso" le "likarabo." Ts'ebetso ea tsebo ha se taba feela ea ho fumana karabo e nepahetseng, empa ke kamoo re botsang lipotso le kamoo likarabo tseo li amoheloang kapa li haneloang, li lekoang le ho qaptjoa kateng moelelong oa kutloisiso hape. Puisano ena kamehla e kenyelletsa ho nka karolo ka mafolofolo ha mahlakore ka bobeli, a batlang ho utloisisa le ho amoheloa ka har'a meeli ea bona.
Tšusumetso ea Hermeneutics ea Gadamer ho Saense ea Sechaba le Botho
Tšusumetso ea Gadamer holim'a hermeneutics e kholo haholo. Mokhoa oa hae oa tlhaloso ea mongolo ha oa susumetsa filosofi feela empa o boetse oa sebelisoa mahlaleng a kahisano, thuto ea batho, lithuto tsa setso, thuto ea bolumeli le mafapheng a mang a fapaneng a hlokang tlhahlobo ea tlhaloso.
Mohlala, historing, mokhoa oa Gadamerian o thusa bo-rahistori ho utloisisa hore litlhaloso tsa nalane li boetse li susumetsoa ke pono ea bona ea mehleng ena, hammoho le nalane ea litlamorao tse sebetsang ka har'a pale efe kapa efe ea nalane. Mokhoa ona o arohana le pono e ntle ea hore nalane ke kaho bocha ea nako e fetileng, 'me o hlokomela hore nalane e lula e ameha ts'ebetsong ea tlhaloso bocha.
Lefapheng la thuto ea bolumeli, tlhaloso ea Gadamer e thusa litsebi tsa thuto ea bolumeli ho utloisisa lingoliloeng tsa bolumeli ka tsela e matla haholoanyane, e kenyelletsang puisano pakeng tsa lingoliloeng tsa boholo-holo le litlhaloso tsa sejoale-joale, le ho lumella kutloisiso ea tšusumetso ea moetlo kutloisisong ea hona joale ea bolumeli.
Ho koala
Thuto ea Gadamer e thehile mokhoa o mocha oa ho hlalosa khopolo-taba o neng o totobatsa bohlokoa ba puisano, moetlo le nalane ts'ebetsong ea kutloisiso. Ka ho totobatsa likhopolo tse kang ho kopanngoa ha libaka tse fapaneng, leeme le nalane ea litlamorao, Gadamer e fane ka moralo o ruileng le o rarahaneng oa ho utloisisa hore na re sebelisana joang le lingoliloeng, litso le lefats'e le re potileng. Thuto ena ea ho hlalosa, e ananelang le ho ananela botebo le mefuta-futa ea phihlelo ea batho, e ntse e tsoela pele ho utloahala mafapheng 'ohle kajeno.
