Phetoho ea tikoloho ke e 'ngoe ea litaba tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tse tobaneng le batho kajeno. Phetoho ena e ama likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo Lefatšeng, ho tloha tlelaemeteng le mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang ho ea ho bophelo bo botle ba batho. Mona ke lintlha tse ling tsa bohlokoa tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka phetoho ea tikoloho le litlamorao tsa eona.
1. Keketseho ea Thempereichara ea Lefatše
Ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, mocheso o tloaelehileng oa lefatše o nyolohile ka likhato tse ka bang 1,1 tsa Celsius. Keketseho ena e bakoa haholo-holo ke mesebetsi ea batho, joalo ka ho chesoa ha mafura a fossil, ho rengoa ha meru, le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea indasteri e hlahisang likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše. Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Boemo ba Leholimo (WMO) o tlaleha hore lilemo tse hlano tse fetileng e bile tse futhumetseng ka ho fetisisa historing ea lirekoto tsa mocheso oa lefats'e.
2. Keketseho ea Khase ea Greenhouse
Sepakapaka sa Lefatše se ntse se eketseha ka bongata ba likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše tse kang carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), le nitrous oxide (N2O). Ho tloha mehleng ea pele ho indasteri, bongata ba CO2 sepakapakeng bo eketsehile ka ho feta 40%. Ho ea ka lintlha tse tsoang ho Mauna Loa Observatory, ka 2020, bongata ba CO2 bo fihlile ho feta likarolo tse 410 ka milione (ppm), e leng se phahameng haholo ho feta maemo a pele ho indasteri a ka bang 280 ppm.
3. Ho qhibiliha ha leqhoa Lipaleng le Liqhoqhoaneng tsa Leqhoa
Phetoho ea tlelaemete e bakile ho qhibiliha ha leqhoa ho hoholo Arctic le Antarctic, hammoho le maqhoqhoane lefatšeng ka bophara. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore leqhoa la Leoatle la Arctic lea fokotseha, ka karolelano, 'me sebaka seo leqhoa le qhibilihang ho sona lehlabula le leng le le leng sea eketseha. Ho qhibiliha hona ho tlatsetsa ho phahama ha boemo ba leoatle, e leng se sokelang libaka tsa lebopong le lihlekehlekeng tse nyane.
4. Ho Phahama ha Boemo ba Leoatle
Ho phahama ha bophahamo ba leoatle ke e 'ngoe ea litlamorao tse tobileng tsa ho futhumala ha lefatše. Ho tloha ka 1900, bophahamo ba leoatle lefatšeng bo eketsehile ka hoo e ka bang 20 cm. Keketseho ena e bakoa ke ho qhibiliha ha leqhoa la polar le leqhoa le katoloso ea metsi a leoatle ka lebaka la ho phahama ha mocheso. Haeba mokhoa ona o tsoela pele, metse e mengata e lebōpong la leoatle, li-delta tsa linoka le lihlekehleke tse nyane li tla tobana le kotsi e kholo ea likhohola.
5. Liphetoho Mekhoeng ea Boemo ba Leholimo
Ho futhumala ha lefatše ho boetse ho ama mekhoa ea boemo ba leholimo lefatšeng ka bophara. Liketsahalo tse mpe tsa boemo ba leholimo tse kang maqhubu a mocheso, lifefo le pula e matla li ntse li eketseha khafetsa ebile li le matla. Liphetoho tsena li ama tikoloho ea tlhaho le meralo ea motheo ea batho, li eketsa kotsi ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho tse kang likhohola, ho thella ha lefatše le mello ea meru.
6. Ho Fetola Asiti Leoatleng
Maoatle a monya hoo e ka bang 30% ea CO2 e hlahisoang ke mesebetsi ea batho. Ts'ebetso ena e baka asiti ea leoatle, e leng se sokelang tikoloho ea leoatle le mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang. Ho eketsa asiti ea leoatle ho senya likorale le lintho tse ling tse phelang metsing ka likhetla tsa calcium carbonate, tse kang li-mollusk le mefuta e meng ea plankton.
7. Tahlehelo ea Mefuta-futa ea Liphedi
Liphetoho tsa tikoloho, ho kenyeletsoa phetoho ea tlelaemete le tšenyo ea libaka tsa bolulo, li baka ho fokotseha ha mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang. Mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo le limela e kotsing ea ho timela ka lebaka la liphetoho mochesong, mekhoa ea boemo ba leholimo le tahlehelo ea libaka tsa tlhaho tsa bolulo. Ho ea ka tlaleho ea WWF, palo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha lefatšeng ka bophara e fokotsehile ka hoo e ka bang 68% ho tloha ka 1970.
8. Ho Rengoa ha Meru le ho Senngoa ha Meru
Meru e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho monyeng CO2 le ho boloka tekano ea tlelaemete. Leha ho le joalo, ho rengoa ha meru le ho senyeha ha meru ho etsahala likarolong tse ngata tsa lefats'e, haholo-holo merung ea tropike e kang Amazon. Selemo se seng le se seng, lihekthere tse limilione tsa meru lia lahleha ka lebaka la ho rema lifate ka tsela e seng molaong, phetoho ea mobu bakeng sa temo, le nts'etsopele ea meralo ea motheo. Tahlehelo ena ea meru ha e kenye letsoho feela ho ntšeng ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše empa hape e sokela mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang le boiketlo ba sechaba sa lehae.
9. Tšilafalo ea Moea le Bophelo bo Botle ba Batho
Tšilafalo ea moea ke bothata bo tebileng ba tikoloho bo amang bophelo ba batho. Mesi e tsoang likoloing, indastering le ho chesoa ha mafura a khale ho hlahisa litšila tse kang lintho tse nyenyane tse nyenyane (PM2.5), naetrojene dioxide (NO2), le ozone e tlaase. Litšila tsena li ka baka mathata a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa mafu a ho hema le a pelo le kankere. Ho ea ka WHO, tšilafalo ea moea e baka mafu a ka bang limilione tse 7 pele ho nako selemo se seng le se seng.
10. Taolo ea Litšila le Tšilafalo ea Plastiki
Tlhahiso e phahameng le tšebeliso e phahameng ea polasetiki li bakile bothata bo boholo ba tšilafalo ea polasetiki. Plastiki e sa boleng e bokellana ka potlako tikolohong, e silafatsa maoatle, linoka le mobu. Litšila tsena tsa polasetiki li sokela bophelo ba leoatle 'me li kena ketane ea lijo, qetellong li beha bophelo bo botle ba batho kotsing. Tsamaiso e sa lekaneng ea litšila e boetse e lebisa tšilafalong ea mobu le metsi, e leng se amang tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba hampe.
11. Tshireletso ea Lijo le Temo
Phetoho ea tlelaemete e ama ts'ireletso ea lijo lefatšeng ka bophara le temo. Mekhoa e fetohang ea boemo ba leholimo, ho phahama ha mocheso, le liketsahalo tse mpe tsa boemo ba leholimo li sitisa tlhahiso ea temo, li fokotsa chai, 'me li eketsa kotsi ea ho hloleha ha lijalo. Ho feta moo, phetoho ea tlelaemete e ama kabo ea likokoanyana le mafu a limela, e leng se eketsang liphephetso tse tobaneng le balemi. Ts'ireletso ea lijo ke taba ea bohlokoa, haholo-holo bakeng sa linaha tse itšetlehileng haholo ka temo.
12. Karolo ea Matla a Nchafatsoang
Ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa phetoho ea tikoloho, ho fetohela mehloling ea matla a nchafatsoang ho bohlokoa. Mehloli ea matla a nchafatsoang joalo ka matla a letsatsi, moea le motlakase oa metsi e fana ka mekhoa e meng e hloekileng le e tsitsitseng ho fapana le mafura a khale. Tšebeliso ea matla a nchafatsoang ha e fokotse feela mesi ea likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše empa hape e thusa ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mehloli ea tlhaho e lekanyelitsoeng.
13. Maiteko a ho Fokotsa le ho Fetola Maemo
Ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsa phetoho ea tikoloho, boiteko ba ho fokotsa le ho ikamahanya le maemo boa hlokahala. Morero oa ho fokotsa maemo ke ho fokotsa mesi e ntšang khase e futhumatsang lefatše le ho fokotsa sekhahla sa phetoho ea tlelaemete. Mehato ea ho fokotsa maemo e kenyelletsa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura a mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, ho boloka meru, le ho eketsa tšebeliso e ntle ea matla. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ikamahanya le maemo ho shebana le ho ikamahanya le liphetoho tse ke keng tsa qojoa tsa tikoloho. Sena se kenyelletsa ho aha meralo ea motheo e mamellang liketsahalo tse mpe tsa boemo ba leholimo, ho laola mehloli ea metsi hamolemo le ho nts'etsapele temo e tsitsitseng.
14. Karolo ea Batho ka Bomong le Metseng
Ntle le boiteko ba mmuso le ba indasteri, batho ka bomong le metse ba bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho sebetsaneng le phetoho ea tikoloho. Bohle ba ka kenya letsoho ka ho fokotsa khabone ea bona, ho tšehetsa maano a tikoloho, le ho phahamisa temoso ea litaba tsa tikoloho. Ketso ea sechaba e kopanetsoeng e ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo boitekong ba paballo ea tikoloho.
Qetello
Phetoho ea tikoloho ke taba e rarahaneng e amang likarolo tse ngata tsa bophelo Lefatšeng. Ho phahama ha mocheso oa lefatše, ho qhibiliha ha leqhoa, ho phahama ha metsi a leoatle, le tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang ke tse ling tsa litlamorao tsa phetoho ena. Ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsena ho hloka boiteko bo felletseng ba ho fokotsa le ho ikamahanya le maemo, hammoho le ho kenya letsoho ka mafolofolo ha maemo ohle a sechaba. Ka mehato e nepahetseng, re ka fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa phetoho ea tikoloho le ho theha bokamoso bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
