Liturbine tsa mouoane lifemeng tsa motlakase
Liturbine tsa mouoane ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase, haholo-holo litsing tsa motlakase tse sebelisang mashala (PLTU) le lits'ebetsong tse ling tse fapaneng tsa motlakase tse sebelisang mocheso ho hlahisa motlakase. Lisebelisoa tsena li sebetsa ka ho fetola matla a mocheso le khatello ea mouoane oa metsi hore e be matla a mechini ka mokhoa oa ho potoloha ha shaft, e leng se susumetsang jenereithara ho hlahisa motlakase. Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba tsona le khōlo ea theknoloji, liturbine tsa mouoane li lula e le mokokotlo oa litsamaiso tse ngata tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara, ebang li tsamaisoa ke mashala, khase (ka lipotoloho tse kopaneng), biomass, geothermal, kapa matla a nyutlelie.
Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa ha turbine ea mouoane
Ha re bua ka bonolo, turbine ea mouoane e sebetsa ho latela molao-motheo oa phetoho ea matla. Metsi a futhumatsoa ka har'a boiler ho fihlela e fetoha mouoane o nang le khatello e phahameng, mocheso o phahameng. Mouoane ona o ntan'o fetisetsoa ho turbine ka mohala o moholo oa mouoane. Ha mouoane o kena ka har'a turbine, o atoloha ka nozzle le mahare. Katoloso ena e baka phetoho ea matla: khatello le matla a mocheso a mouoane li fetoloa matla a kinetic (lebelo la phallo ea mouoane), leo ebe le fetoloa matla a mechini ka ho sutumelletsa mahare a turbine, e leng se etsang hore rotor e potolohe.
Rotor e potoloha hammoho le shaft ea turbine, e hokahaneng le jenereithara. Jenereithara e sebelisa molao-motheo oa induction ea electromagnetic ho hlahisa motlakase. Kamora ho feta mohatong oa turbine, khatello ea mouoane le mocheso lia theoha. Ebe mouoane o phallela ho condenser, moo o khutlisetsoang metsing, ebe o pompeloa hape ho boiler. Tatellano ena e tsejoa e le potoloho ea Rankine 'me e theha motheo oa boholo ba limela tsa motlakase tse thehiloeng ho turbine ea mouoane.
Likarolo tsa mantlha tsa sistimi ea turbine ea mouoane
Leha turbine ea mouoane e shebahala joaloka mochini o le mong o moholo, sistimi e na le likarolo tse ngata tse kopaneng:
1. Jenereithara ea boiler kapa mouoane
E hlahisa mouoane o nang le khatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng. Boleng ba mouoane (khatello, mocheso le mongobo) bo ama haholo ts'ebetso ea turbine le nako ea bophelo.
2. Turbine ea mouoane (karolo e kholo)
E entsoe ka rotor, casing, nozzle, le makhapetla a turbine. Moralo oa lekhapetla le palo ea mekhahlelo e khetholla hore na turbine e fetola matla a mouoane joang hore e be potoloho.
3. Mmusisi le tsamaiso ea taolo
E laola sekgahla sa phallo ya mouoane o kenang ka turbine ka valve ya taolo, e boloka lebelo la ho potoloha le tsitsitse leha mojaro wa motlakase o fetoha.
4. Jenereithara
E fetola matla a mechini a shaft hore e be matla a motlakase. Lebelo la ho potoloha ha turbine le tlameha ho lekana le maqhubu a sistimi, mohlala, 50 Hz Indonesia.
5. Sekontiri
Ho phodisa mouoane wa mosi wa turbine ho ba metsi (condensate). Motsoako o thusang ho hlahisa kgatello e tlase (vacuum) sebakeng sa ho ntsha mosi ho eketsa katoloso ya mosi le ho eketsa bokgoni.
6. Pompo ea metsi a fepeloang le hitara
Ho khutlisetsa metsi boiler le ho eketsa bokgoni ba semela ka ho sebedisa mocheso o setseng.
Mefuta ea li-turbine tsa mouoane
Li-turbine tsa mouoane li ka aroloa ho latela lintlha tse 'maloa:
1. Ho latela molao-motheo oa tšusumetso le karabelo
– Turbine ea tšusumetso: mouoane o potlakisoa ka har'a nozzle, ebe o otla mahare a rotor. Phetoho e matla ea khatello e etsahala ka har'a nozzle.
– Turbine ea karabelo: katoloso e etsahala ho stator le rotor. Moralong ona, mahare a rotor le ona a sebetsa e le li-nozzle.
Ha e le hantle, diturbine tsa sejwalejwale hangata di sebedisa motswako wa ho sisinyeha le karabelo ka sebopeho se hlophisitsoeng ka mekhahlelo.
2. Ho latela boemo ba khatello (HP, IP, LP)
Litsing tse kholo tsa motlakase, turbine hangata e aroloa likarolo tse 'maloa:
– HP (Khatello e Phahameng): e amohela mouoane o nang le khatello e phahameng ho tsoa boiler.
– IP (Khatello e Mahareng): e amohela mouoane o bakoang ke katoloso ho tsoa ho HP, hangata kamora ts'ebetso ea ho futhumatsa hape.
– LP (Khatello e Tlase): mohato oa ho qetela o nang le khatello e tlase, hangata o na le makhasi a malelele le bophara bo boholo.
Karohano ena e thusa ho eketsa bokgoni hammoho le ho fokotsa mongobo wa mouoane mohatong wa ho qetela o ka bakang kgoholeho ya lehare.
3. Ho latela tataiso ea phallo
– Phallo ea Axial (e tloaelehileng haholo): phallo ea mouoane e bapile le mothapo.
– Phallo ea mahlaseli: phallo ea mouoane e otlolohile ho ea ho axis; ha e atile haholo bakeng sa lifeme tse kholo tsa motlakase.
Karolo ea liturbine tsa mouoane katlehong ea lifeme tsa motlakase
Bokgoni ba feme ya motlakase wa mouoane bo susumetswa ke mabaka a mangata, empa turbine e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa hobane e sebetsa jwalo ka "borokho" pakeng tsa matla a mocheso le matla a motlakase. Maano a mang a ntlafatsang bokgoni a amanang le diturbine a kenyeletsa:
– Ho eketsa kgatello le mocheso wa mouoane wa mantlha: ha diparamithara tsa mouoane di le hodimo, matla a mangata a ka ntshwa. Dimela tse nang le tshusumetso e kgolo le tse nang le tshusumetso e kgolo di sebedisa maemo a mouoane a phahameng haholo ho eketsa bokgoni.
– Ho futhumatsa hape: mouoane o tswang ka hara turbine ya HP o futhumatswa hape ebe o kena ka hara turbine ya IP/LP, o fokotsa mongobo mohatong wa ho qetela mme o eketsa tlhahiso ya mosebetsi.
– Ho futhumatsa metsi a fepang a inchafatsang: mouoane o mong o ntšoa ho tsoa turbine ho futhumatsa metsi a fepang, ho fokotsa mojaro oa ho futhumatsa boiler le ho eketsa katleho ka kakaretso.
– Ho boloka vacuum ea condenser: khatello e tlase ka har'a condenser e eketsa karolelano ea katoloso ea turbine e le hore mosebetsi oa turbine o eketsehe.
Ka nqane ho moralo oa thermodynamic, bokhoni bo boetse bo susumetsoa ke bohloeki ba lehare, ho leka-lekana ha rotor, boemo ba tiiso le ho nepahala ha sistimi ea taolo.
Mathata a ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo
Liturbine tsa mouoane li sebetsa tlas'a maemo a feteletseng: mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng, le lebelo le phahameng la ho potoloha. Ka hona, tlhokomelo e bohlokoa. Mathata a mang a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa:
1. Khoholeho le ho bola ha lehare
E hlaha haholo-holo karolong ea LP ka lebaka la mongobo le likaroloana. Moralo oa mohato oa ho qetela le boleng ba metsi a boiler/khemistri li tlameha ho bolokoa ho fokotsa tšenyo.
2. Ho thothomela le ho se leka-lekane ha rotor
Ho thothomela ho ka bakoa ke ho se tsitse hantle, ho se leka-lekane, ho senyeha ha libere, kapa maemo a sa tsitsang a phallo ea mouoane. Ho beha leihlo ho thothomela ke sesupo sa bohlokoa sa bophelo bo botle ba turbine.
3. Tšenyo ea bere le ea ho tlotsa
Sistimi ea ho tlotsa e lokela ho hloeka le ho tsitsa. Tšilafalo ea oli e ka baka ho senyeha kapele le ho eketsa kotsi ea ho khoptjoa.
4. Mokhathala o futhumatsang
Mekhahlelo e atisang ho etsahala ea ho emisa ho qala (mohlala, ka lebaka la moroalo o phahameng) e ka baka mokhathala oa thepa. Ka hona, mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa le ho qala e tlameha ho latela maemo ho thibela liphetoho tse feteletseng tsa mocheso.
5. Ho dutla ha sekwahelo
Ho dutla ha mouoane setikelong ho ka fokotsa bokgoni le ho eketsa tshebediso ya mafura ka kWh.
Ka ho kenya tshebetsong tlhokomelo e itshetlehileng maemong, di-sensor tsa sejwalejwale (ho thothomela, mocheso, kgatello le tlhahlobo ya oli) le ditlhahlobo tse tlwaelehileng, di-turbine di ka sebediswa ka polokeho le ka theko e tlase.
Li-turbine tsa mouoane le phetoho ea matla
Moelelong oa phetoho ea matla, liturbine tsa mouoane li ntse li le bohlokoa. Litsi tsa motlakase tsa biomass le geothermal li sebelisa liturbine tsa mouoane haholo. Litsing tsa motlakase tsa nyutlelie, liturbine tsa mouoane ke karolo ea bohlokoa hobane mocheso o tsoang ho reactor o sebelisoa ho hlahisa mouoane o fetolang turbine. Ho feta moo, litsing tsa motlakase tsa potoloho e kopaneng, mocheso oa mosi o tsoang turbineng ea khase o sebelisoa ho hlahisa mouoane ka har'a Jenereithara ea Mouoane oa ho Fumana Mocheso (HRSG), e ntan'o khanna turbine ea mouoane ho eketsa matla le bokhoni.
Li-turbine tsa mouoane le tsona li qala ho bapala karolo mohopolong oa ho tenyetseha ha sistimi, mohlala, bokhoni bo betere ba ho latela mojaro, ho kopanngoa le polokelo ea mocheso, le taolo e ntlafalitsoeng ea dijithale ho arabela liphetohong tsa mojaro ka lebaka la ho kenella ha matla a nchafatsoang.
Qetello
Turbine ea mouoane ke mochini o fetolang matla o fetolang mouoane o nang le khatello e phahameng hore e be potoloho ea mechini ho hlahisa motlakase. E tšehelitsoe ke boiler, condenser, pompo le sistimi ea taolo, turbine ea mouoane e etsa motheo oa potoloho ea Rankine, sistimi e ipakileng e tšepahala ka lilemo tse fetang lekholo. Mefuta ea turbine le litlhophiso—ebang ke tšusumetso kapa karabelo, kapa karohano ea HP-IP-LP—li etselitsoe ho eketsa bokhoni ha li ntse li boloka ts'epo. Ho sa tsotellehe liphephetso tse kang khoholeho ea lehare, ho thothomela le mokhathala oa mocheso, liturbine tsa mouoane li ntse li le theknoloji ea bohlokoa litsing tse fapaneng tsa motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa le tse tšehetsang phetoho ea matla. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le boqapi thepa le taolo, liturbine tsa mouoane li tla tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa phepelong e tsitsitseng le e sebetsang ea motlakase.
