Ho Bala Khanyetso Potolohong
Pendahuluan
Elektroniki ke lefapha la thuto le hlahlobang kamoo likarolo tse fapaneng tsa motlakase le tsa elektroniki li sebetsang le ho sebelisana kateng. E 'ngoe ea likhopolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tšimong ena ke khanyetso. Khanyetso ke tekanyo ea khanyetso e tobaneng le motlakase ha o phalla ka har'a conductor kapa karolo. Bokhoni ba ho bala khanyetso ka nepo ke tsebo ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea amehang ho raleng, ho rarolla mathata, kapa ho boloka lipotoloho tsa elektroniki. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho bala khanyetso lipotolohong tsa motlakase, ebang ke letoto, le bapileng, kapa motsoako oa tsona ka bobeli.
Kutloisiso ea Motheo ea Khanyetso
Khanyetso e lekanngoa ka ohms (Ω), e reheletsoeng ka setsebi sa fisiks sa Lejeremane Georg Simon Ohm. Molao oa Ohm, oo e leng motheo oa khopolo-taba ena, o boletsoe tjena:
\[ V = IR \]
Moo:
– \( V \) ke motlakase oa motlakase ka li-volts (V),
– \( I \) ke motlakase o kenang ka har'a li-ampere (A),
– \( R \) ke khanyetso ho ohms (Ω).
Mabaka a Amang Khanyetso
Khanyetso ea thepa e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa:
1. Mofuta oa Thepa: Thepa ea mokhanni e na le khanyetso e tlase, ha thepa ea insulator e na le khanyetso e phahameng.
2. Bolelele ba Thepa: Khanyetso e tsamaellana ka ho toba le bolelele ba mokhanni; ha mokhanni a le molelele, khanyetso e ba kholoanyane.
3. Sebaka se nang le karolo e kholo: Ha sebaka se nang le karolo e kholo sa mokhanni, khanyetso e ba nyane.
4. Mocheso: Linthong tse ngata, khanyetso ea eketseha ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha.
Ho Bala Khanyetso Potolohong
1. Potoloho ea Letoto
Potolohong ea letoto, likarolo li hokahane tseleng e le 'ngoe. Motlakase o phallang karolong ka 'ngoe o tšoana, empa motlakase oohle ke kakaretso ea motlakase ho pholletsa le karolo ka 'ngoe. Ho bala khanyetso eohle (\(R_{\text{total}} \)) potolohong ea letoto, kopanya feela khanyetso ka 'ngoe:
\[ R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + \ldots + R_n \]
A re re ho na le di-resistor tse tharo potolohong ya letoto, ka \( R_1 = 10\ \Omega \), \( R_2 = 20\ \Omega \), le \( R_3 = 30\ \Omega \). Ebe:
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 10\ \Omega + 20\ \Omega + 30\ \Omega = 60\ \Omega \]
2. Potoloho e Tšoanang
Potolohong e bapileng, dikarolo di hokahantswe e le hore dipheletso tsa tsona di arolelane dintlha tse pedi tse tshwanang. Motlakase o fetang karolo ka nngwe o a tshwana, empa kakaretso ya hona jwale ke kakaretso ya maqhubu lekaleng ka leng. Ho bala khanyetso yohle potolohong e bapileng, sebedisa foromo:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + \ldots + \frac{1}{R_n} \]
Mohlala, haeba ho na le di-resistor tse tharo potolohong e bapileng le \( R_1 = 10\ \Omega \), \( R_2 = 20\ \Omega \), le \( R_3 = 30\ \Omega \). Ebe:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{10\ \Omega} + \frac{1}{20\ \Omega} + \frac{1}{30\ \Omega} \]
Palo:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = 0.1 + 0.05 + 0.0333 = 0.1833 \]
E le hore:
\[ R_{\text{total}} \hoo e ka bang 5.45\ \Omega \]
3. Dipotoloho tsa Motswako wa Letoto le tse Tsamaellanang
Ha e le hantle, lipotoloho tse ngata tsa elektroniki li na le motsoako oa lipotoloho tse latellanang le tse bapileng. Ho bala khanyetso eohle ea motsoako o joalo, ho hlokahala ho arola potoloho ka likarolo tse nyane, ho bala khanyetso eohle ea karolo ka 'ngoe, ebe u kopanya liphetho hape.
Mohlala oa Nyeoe ea Motsoako
A re re ho na le motswako wa potoloho o kang o latelang: di-resistor tse pedi \( R_1 \) le \( R_2 \) ka tatellano, tse hokahantsweng ka ho bapa le resistor \( R_3 \). Mohato wa pele ke ho bala khanyetso ya karolo ya letoto:
\[ R_{\text{letoto}} = R_1 + R_2 \]
Ebe, khanyetso e felletseng ea motsoako oa letoto (\( R_{\text{series}} \)) e hokahane ka nako e le 'ngoe le \( R_3 \), kahoo:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{R_{\text{letoto}}} + \frac{1}{R_3} \]
A re re \( R_1 = 10\ \Omega \), \( R_2 = 20\ \Omega \), le \( R_3 = 30\ \Omega \). Taba ea pele, bala khanyetso ea potoloho ea letoto:
\[ R_{\text{letoto}} = 10\ \Omega + 20\ \Omega = 30\ \Omega \]
Ebe, bala khanyetso eohle:
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} = \frac{1}{30\ \Omega} + \frac{1}{30\ \Omega} = \frac{1}{15\ \Omega} \]
Kahoo:
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 15\ \Omega \]
Mokhoa oa Teko
Ntle le lipalo tsa khopolo-taba, khanyetso potolohong e ka lekanyetsoa ka liteko ho sebelisoa multimeter. Mehato ke e latelang:
1. Lokisa Lisebelisoa le Potoloho: Lokisa multimeter 'me u netefatse hore potoloho e timme pele u qala ho lekanya khanyetso.
2. Ho hokela Multimeter ho Potoloho: Beha di-probe tsa multimeter lipheletsong tsa resistor tse lokelang ho lekanyetsoa.
3. Litekanyo tsa ho Bala: Beha multimeter ho mokgwa wa kganyetso mme o bale boleng bo bontshitsweng.
Malebela a ho Lekanya
– Etsa bonnete ba hore dikgokelo tsa probe di tiile mme ha ho na dikgokelo tse hlephileng.
– Lekanya multimeter haeba ho hlokahala ho latela litaelo tsa bukana.
– Tlosa motlakase o setseng ka ho tima potoloho pele o lekanya.
Qetello
Ho bala khanyetso potolohong ke tsebo ea bohlokoa ea motheo boenjiniereng ba elektroniki le motlakase. Ebang ho sebelisoa lipalo tsa khopolo-taba kapa mekhoa ea liteko, ho utloisisa hore na khanyetso e sebetsa joang le hore na lintlha tse fapaneng li e ama joang ho tla u thusa ho rala le ho sekaseka lipotoloho tsa motlakase tse sebetsang hantle le tse tšepahalang haholoanyane. Ho utloisisa metheo ea khanyetso ho boetse ho fana ka lejoe la ho ea kutloisisong e tebileng ea liketsahalo tse ling tsa motlakase, tse kang khanyetso, capacitance, inductance, le tse ling. Ka kutloisiso e tiileng ea khanyetso, re ka rarolla mathata le ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea litsamaiso tsa elektroniki lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng.
