Mokhoa oa ho Bala Bokgoni ba Mochini
Pendahuluan
Tšebeliso ea mechini makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri e 'nile ea e-ba mokokotlo oa ho eketsa tlhahiso le katleho ea mosebetsi. Karolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ho lekoleng ts'ebetso ea mochini ke katleho. Bokhoni ba mochini bo lekanya bokhoni ba mochini ba ho fetolela matla a ho kenya hore e be matla a tlhahiso a thusang. Ho lekanya katleho ea mochini ka nepo ho bohlokoa hobane ho ama ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso, tlhokomelo le bophelo bo bolelele. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho bala katleho ea mochini, ho kenyeletsoa melao-motheo ea motheo, mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng, le mehlala ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Bokgoni ba Mochini
Bokgoni ba mochini bo balwa e le karolelano ya matla a sebediswang (tlhahiso) ho matla a amohetsweng (tlhahiso). Mochini o nkuwa o sebetsa hantle haeba o ka fetola boholo ba matla a kentsweng hore e be tlhahiso e thusang ha o ntse o fokotsa tahlehelo ya matla ka mokgwa wa mocheso, modumo le ho thothomela.
Ho ya ka dipalo, bokgoni (\(\eta\)) bo ka hlaloswa ka tsela ena:
\[ \eta = \left( \frac{Output~Energy}{Input~Energy} \right) \times 100\% \]
Mefuta ea Mechini le Mekhoa ea ho Lekanya Bokgoni
Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea mechini, joalo ka mechini ea mocheso, mechini ea motlakase le mechini ea haeteroliki. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho bala katleho ea eona.
1. Enjene ea Mocheso:
Lienjene tsa mocheso li fetola matla a mocheso hore e be matla a mechini. Mehlala e tloaelehileng ke lienjene tsa ho chesa ka hare le liturbine tsa khase. Bakeng sa lienjene tsa mocheso, molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o atisa ho sebelisoa lipalo tsa katleho.
Foromo e bonolo ea katleho ea enjene ea mocheso ke:
\[ \eta_{thermal} = \left( \frac{Work~Output}{Heat~Input} \right) \times 100\% \]
A re re mochini o sebelisa matla a mocheso a 1000 Joules ho hlahisa mesebetsi ea mechine ea 300 Joules, joale katleho ea ona ke:
\[ \eta_{thermal} = \left( \frac{300~Joule}{1000~Joule} \right) \times 100\% = 30\% \]
2. Mechini ea Motlakase:
Mechini ea motlakase, joalo ka lienjene tsa motlakase le lijenereithara, e fetola matla a motlakase hore e be matla a mechini kapa ka tsela e fapaneng.
Foromo e akaretsang ea katleho ea mochini oa motlakase ke:
\[ \eta_{matla} = \left( \frac{Matla~Output}{Matla~Kenyelletso} \right) \times 100\% \]
Haeba motlakase o kentsweng ke 500 Watts mme motlakase o ntshwang ke 450 Watts, bokgoni ke:
\[ \eta_{electricity} = \left( \frac{450~Watt}{500~Watt} \right) \times 100\% = 90\% \]
3. Mochini oa Haeteroliki:
Mechini ea haeteroliki e sebelisa maro ho hlahisa motlakase. Bokhoni ba mochini oa haeteroliki bo boetse bo baloa ho latela matla a kenang le a hlahisoang.
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ \eta_{hydraulic} = \left( \frac{Output~Power}{Input~Power} \right) \times 100\% \]
Mohlala, haeba sistimi ea hydraulic e ja li-Joules tse 2000 tsa motlakase o kenang 'me e hlahisa li-Joules tse 1700 e le tlhahiso, katleho ea eona ke:
\[ \eta_{hydraulic} = \left( \frac{1700~Joule}{2000~Joule} \right) \times 100\% = 85\% \]
Mabaka a Amang Bokgoni ba Mochini
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a ka amang katleho ea enjene. A mang a ona a kenyelletsa:
1. Moralo le Kaho:
Mechini e entsoeng hantle hangata e sebetsa hantle haholoanyane. Mohlala, lienjene tsa motlakase tse nang le thepa ea makenete ea boleng bo holimo le li-winding tse entsoeng hantle li sebetsa hantle haholo.
2. Tlhokomelo:
Mechini e hlokometsoeng hantle e atisa ho sebetsa hantle hobane tahlehelo e bakoang ke khohlano, mafome, kapa ho tsofala e ka fokotsoa.
3. Maemo a Ts'ebetso:
Mochini o sebetsang tlas'a maemo a matle (joalo ka mocheso le khatello e loketseng) o tla sebetsa hantle ho feta mochini o sebetsang ka ntle ho meeli ea oona e ntle.
4. Lahlela:
Bokgoni ba enjene le bona bo angwa ke mojaro oo e o jarang. Ka tlwaelo, ho na le ntlha eo enjene e sebetsang ka bokgoni ba yona bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa, e tsejwang e le ntlha e ntle ka ho fetisisa ya mojaro.
Mohlala oa Tšebeliso ea Palo ea Ts'ebetso ea Mochini
Ho fana ka setšoantšo se hlakileng haholoanyane, ha re shebeng mehlala e meng ea ts'ebeliso e sebetsang ea mokhoa oa ho bala katleho ea mochini.
1. Mechini ea Motlakase Indastering:
Feme e na le enjene ea motlakase e nang le tlhaloso ea matla a ho kenya ea li-watts tse 1500. Litekanyo li bontša hore matla a eona a ho hlahisa ke li-watts tse 1350.
Ho sebelisa mokhoa oa ho sebetsa hantle:
\[ \eta_{electricity} = \left( \frac{1350~W}{1500~W} \right) \times 100\% = 90\% \]
2. Jenereithara ea Disele:
Jenereithara ea diesel e sebelisa li-Joules tse 1200 tsa matla a mafura ho hlahisa li-Joules tse 900 tsa matla a motlakase.
Ho sebelisa foromo ea katleho ea mocheso:
\[ \eta_{thermal} = \left( \frac{900~Joule}{1200~Joule} \right) \times 100\% = 75\% \]
3. Sistimi ea Hydraulic ho Mochini oa ho Phahamisa:
Sistimi ea haeteroliki ea mochini o phahamisang e hloka matla a li-Joules tse 2500 ho tsoa mokelikeling ho hlahisa matla a li-Joules tse 2000.
Ho sebelisa foromo ea katleho ea hydraulic:
\[ \eta_{hydraulic} = \left( \frac{2000~Joule}{2500~Joule} \right) \times 100\% = 80\% \]
Ho koala
Ho lekanya bokgoni ba mochini ke ntlha ya bohlokwa ho fumaneng tshebetso le katleho ya mochini. Ka ho utlwisisa mokhoa wa ho bala bokgoni ba mefuta e fapaneng ya mechini, re ka etsa ditekolo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane mme ra nka mehato e hlokahalang ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ya yona. Bokgoni bo ama eseng feela ditjeo tsa tshebetso empa hape le botsitso le tshusumetso ya tikoloho. Ka hona, ho ela hloko bokgoni ba mochini o mong le o mong o sebediswang dibakeng tsa diindasteri kapa tsa malapeng ke kgato ya bohlokwa tsamaisong e bohlale ya eneji.
Ka dipalo tse nepahetseng, ntlafatso e tswelang pele tlhokomelong, le maemo a matle a tshebetso, bokgoni ba mochini bo ka eketswa. Sena se fetolela ho boloka ditjeo, tshebediso e sebetsang hantle ya eneji, le monehelo o motle mehloding ya rona ya tikoloho.
