Mehlala e 19 ea Lipotso tsa Khopolo-taba ea Kinetic ea Likhase
1. Khase e loketseng ka setshelong se koetsoeng qalong e na le khatello ea P le bophahamo ba V. Haeba khatello ea khase e eketsoa ho makhetlo a 4 ho feta ea pele 'me bophahamo ba khase bo lula bo tsitsitse, karolelano ea matla a pele a kinetic le matla a ho qetela a kinetic a khase ke...
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Khatello ea ho qetela (P)2) = 4P
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Moqolo oa ho qetela (V)2) = V
E botsitsoe Papiso ea matla a pele a kinetic le matla a ho qetela a kinetic (EK)1 : EK2)
Jawab :
Kamano pakeng tsa khatello (P), bophahamo ba modumo (V) le matla a kinetic (EK) a khase e ntle :
Papiso ea matla a pele a kinetic le matla a ho qetela a kinetic :
2. Fumana karolelano ea matla a kinetic a phetolelo ea limolek'hule tsa khase mochesong oa 57oC!
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Mocheso oa khase (T) = 57oC + 273 = 330 Kelvin
Boltzmann's constant (k) = 1,38 x 10-23 Joule/Kelvin
E botsitsoe : Matla a kinetic a karolelano ea phetolelo
Jawab :
Kamano pakeng tsa matla a kinetic le mocheso oa khase :
Matla a kinetic a karolelano :
3. Khase mochesong oa likhato tse 27oC e ka setshelong se koetsoeng. Ho eketsa matla a yona a kinetic ho mena habeli matla a yona a pele a kinetic, kgase e lokela ho futhumatswa ho fihlela mochesong wa...
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Mocheso oa pele (T)1= 27oC + 273 = 300 K
Matla a kinetic a pele = EK
Matla a ho qetela a kinetic = 4 EK
E botsitsoe : Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2)
Jawab :
Mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase ke 600 K kapa 327oC.
4. Khase e loketseng e sebakeng se koetsoeng. Khase e loketseng e futhumatsoa ho fihlela lebelo le tloaelehileng la likaroloana tsa khase le eketseha ho fihlela lebelo la pele le feta makhetlo a 3. Haeba mocheso oa pele oa khase e le 27oC, joale mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase e loketseng ke…
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Mocheso oa pele = 27oC + 273 = 300 Kelvin
Lebelo la pele = v
Lebelo la ho qetela = 2v
E botsitsoe : Mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase e loketseng
Jawab :
Lebelo le tloaelehileng la ho qetela = 2 x Lebelo le tloaelehileng la pele
5. Li-mole tse tharo tsa khase li ka phapusing e nang le bophahamo ba lilithara tse 36. Molek'hule e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khase e na le matla a kinetic a 5 x 10-21 Joule. Phepelo e sa fetoheng ea khase ea bokahohleng = 8,315 J/mol.K le phepelo e sa fetoheng ea Boltzmann = 1,38 x 10-23 J/K. Bala khatello ea khase ka phapusing!
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Palo ea li-moles (n) = 3 mol
Bophahamo ba modumo = lilithara tse 36 = 36 dm3 = 36 x 10-3 m3
Boltzmann's constant (k) = 1,38 x 10-23 J/K
Matla a kinetic (EK) = 5 x 10-21 Joule
Khase e sa fetoheng ea bokahohle (R) = 8,315 J/mol.K
E botsitsoe : kgatello ya kgase (P)
Jawab :
Bala mocheso (T) o sebedisa foromo ya matla a kinetic a kgase le mocheso:
Bala khatello ea khase u sebelisa foromo ea Molao oa Khase o Ideal (ka palo ea li-moles, n):
Khatello ea khase ke 1,67 x 10 5 Pascal kapa sepakapaka sa 1,67.
6. Ka sekepeng se koetsoeng, bophahamo ba khase bo atoloha ho fihlela bophahamo ba pele bo mena habeli (V)o = bophahamo ba pele, Po = khatello ea pele) 'me mocheso oa khase o eketseha ho fihlela makhetlo a 4 ho feta oa pele. Khatello ea khase e fetoha...
A. Po
B. 2 Po
C. 4 Po
D. 6 Po
E. 8 Po
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Bophahamo ba pele ba khase (V)1) = Vo
Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V)2) = 2Vo
Mocheso oa pele oa khase (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase (T)2) = 4T
Khatello ea pele ea khase (P)1) = Po
O botsitse: Khatello ea ho qetela ea khase (P)2)
Karabo:
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
7. Palo e itseng ea khase e loketseng e feta ts'ebetsong ea isothermal, hoo khatello e bang makhetlo a mabeli ho feta khatello ea pele, ebe molumo o fetoha ...
A. ea pele ka makhetlo a 4
B. makhetlo a 2 hape
C. makhetlo a halofo ho feta a pele
D. ¼ makhetlo a pele
E. ntse e le teng
Puisano
Isothermic = mocheso o sa fetoheng
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Bophahamo ba pele ba khase (V)1) = V
Khatello ea pele ea khase (P)1) = P
Khatello ea ho qetela ea khase (P)2) = 2P
O botsitse: Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V)2)
Karabo:
P1 V1 = P.2 V2
PV = (2P) V2
V = (2) V2
V2 = V / 2
V2 = ½ V
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
8. Ka sekepeng se koetsoeng, bophahamo ba khase bo atoloha ho fihlela makhetlo a 2 ho feta bophahamo ba pele (Vo = bophahamo ba pele, Po = khatello ea pele) 'me mocheso oa khase o nyolohela makhetlo a 4 ho feta oa pele. Khatello ea khase e fetoha…
A. Po
B. 2 Po
C. 4 Po
D. 6 Po
E. 8 Po
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Bophahamo ba pele ba khase (V)1) = Vo
Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V)2) = 2Vo
Mocheso oa pele oa khase (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela oa khase (T)2) = 4T
Khatello ea pele ea khase (P)1) = Po
E botsitsoe : Khatello ea ho qetela ea khase (P2)
Jawab :
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
9. Palo e itseng ea khase e loketseng e feta ts'ebetsong ea isothermal, hoo khatello e bang makhetlo a mabeli ho feta khatello ea pele, ebe molumo o fetoha ...
A. ea pele ka makhetlo a 4
B. makhetlo a 2 hape
C. makhetlo a halofo ho feta a pele
D. ¼ makhetlo a pele
E. ntse e le teng
Puisano
Isothermic = mocheso o sa fetoheng
Hoa tsebahala :
Bophahamo ba pele ba khase (V)1) = V
Khatello ea pele ea khase (P)1) = P
Khatello ea ho qetela ea khase (P)2) = 2P
E botsitsoe Bophahamo ba ho qetela ba khase (V)2)
Jawab :
P1 V1 = P.2 V2
PV = (2P) V2
V = (2) V2
V2 = V / 2
V2 = ½ V
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
10. Kgatelelo ya kgase e loketseng sebakeng se kwetsweng kgahlanong le mabota a phaephe e entswe ka tsela ena :
P = 2N / 3V EK
P = khatello (Pa)
N = palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase (likaroloana)
V = bophahamo ba khase
EK = karolelano ea matla a kinetic a limolek'hule (J).
Polelo e nepahetseng mabapi le mokhoa o kaholimo ke…
A. Kgatelelo ya kgase kgahlanong le lebota e itshetlehile ka palo ya dimolekhule ka yuniti ya bophahamo.
B. Matla a kinetic a khase ha a itšetlehe ka khatello e hlahisoang ke limolek'hule tse maboteng.
C. Bophahamo ba khase ka har'a silindara ha bo fetohe haeba khatello ea khase e fetoha.
D. Palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea fokotseha, kahoo matla a kinetic a limolek'hule a tla eketseha.
E. Bophahamo ba khase boa eketseha, kahoo palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea eketseha.
Puisano
Kamore e koetsoe e le hore leha khatello ea khase e fetoha, bophahamo ba khase ka har'a tube bo se ke ba fetoha.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
11. Kgatelelo ya kgase e loketseng sebakeng se kwetsweng kgahlanong le lebota la tube e entswe ka tsela ya P = (2N / 3V) EK. P = kgatello (Pa), N = palo ya dimolekhule ( dikarolwana) tsa kgase mme EK ke matla a kinetic a dimolekhule (J). Ho itshetlehile ka equation ena, polelo e nepahetseng ke...
A. Kgatelelo ya kgase kgahlanong le lebota e itshetlehile ka karolelano ya matla a kinetic a dimolek'hule.
B. Matla a kinetic a khase a itshetlehile ka kgatello e tswang ho dimolek'hule tse maboteng.
C. Mocheso oa khase ka har'a phaephe o tla fetoha haeba khatello ea khase e fetoha.
D. Haeba palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase e fokotseha, bophahamo ba matla a kinetic a limolek'hule bo tla fokotseha.
E. Haeba bophahamo ba khase bo eketseha, kgatello ya khase e tla fokotseha.
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Foromo ea khatello: P = (2N / 3V) EK
P = khatello
N = palo ea limolek'hule tsa likaroloana tsa khase
V = bophahamo ba khase
EK = matla a kinetic a tloaelehileng
P e lekana ka ho toba le N le EK
P e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le V
N e lekana ka ho toba le bophahamo ba modumo
N e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le EK
Botsitsoe: Ke polelo efe e nepahetseng?
Karabo:
A e fosahetse hobane ho latela foromo e kaholimo, khatello ea khase (P) e itšetlehile ka matla a kinetic, eseng matla a kinetic a tloaelehileng.
B e fosahetse hobane kgatello e itshetlehile ka matla a kinetic a kgase, eseng ka tsela e fapaneng.
C e fosahetse hobane ho latela foromo e ka holimo, mocheso ha o itshetlehe ka kgatello.
D o fositse hobane N e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le EK, ho bolelang hore haeba N e le kgolo, EK e kgolo.
E e nepahetse hobane kgatello (P) e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le bophahamo ba modumo (V).
Karabo e nepahetseng ke E.
12. Haeba khase e loketseng ka har'a sejana e hatelloa (e hatelloa), khase e tla utloa….
A. Phokotso ea lebelo la likaroloana
B. Phokotso ea mocheso
C. Keketseho ea mocheso
D. Ho eketsoa ha likaroloana tsa khase
E. Phokotso ea likaroloana tsa khase
Puisano
Molao o motle oa khase (ka li-moles) :
PV = nRT
Molao o loketseng oa khase (ka palo ea limolek'hule) :
PV = NkT
Kamano pakeng tsa matla a kinetic le mocheso oa khase :
EK = 3/2 kT
Lintlha :
P = kgatello, V = bophahamo ba modumo, T = mocheso, n = palo ya dimolekhule, N = palo ya dimolekhule, R = kgase e sa fetoheng ya bokahohle, k = kgatelelo ya Boltzmann
Ho latela mekhoa e meraro e ka holimo, ho fihleloa liqeto tse latelang:
– Haeba khase e hatelloa, bophahamo ba khase (V) boa fokotseha.
– Haeba bophahamo ba khase (V) bo fokotseha, kgatello (P) ya khase e a eketseha mme mocheso (T) wa khase o a eketseha.
– Kamore e koetsoe (V e tsitsitse) ka hona palo ea li-mole tsa khase (n) le palo ea likaroloana tsa khase (N) ha li fetohe.
– Haeba mocheso (T) oa khase o eketseha, matla a kinetic (EK) a khase aa eketseha. Haeba matla a kinetic a khase a eketseha, lebelo la likaroloana tsa khase lea eketseha (EK = ½ mv 2 , v = lebelo).
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
13. Bongata ba khase e loketseng ka har'a tube e koetsoeng e futhumatsoa ka mokhoa oa isochoric e le hore mocheso oa eona o nyolohele ho makhetlo a mane mochesong oa eona oa pele. Matla a tloaelehileng a kinetic a limolek'hule tse loketseng tsa khase ke….
A. ¼ makhetlo a pele
B. makhetlo a halofo ho feta a pele
C. Ho tšoana le pele
D. makhetlo a 2 hape
E. ea pele ka makhetlo a 4
Puisano
Isochoric = molumo o sa fetoheng
Kamano pakeng tsa karolelano ea matla a kinetic (EK) le mocheso (T) oa khase e hlahisoa ke equation e ka tlase:
EK = 3/2 kT
Tlhaloso: EK = matla a kinetic, T = mocheso, 3/2 = kamehla, k = kamehla ea Boltzmann.
Ho latela foromo ena, ho bonahala eka matla a kinetic a lekana ka ho toba le mocheso. Kahoo, ha mocheso o phahame, matla a kinetic a ba maholo. Haeba mocheso o imenne habeli, matla a kinetic le ona a tla imenne habeli.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke E.
14. Khase e loketseng e nang le khatello ea P le bophahamo ba V sebakeng se koetsoeng. Haeba khatello ea khase sebakeng e fokotsehile ho ea ho 1/4 ea ea pele ka bophahamo bo sa fetoheng, joale karolelano ea matla a kinetic pele le ka mor'a phokotso ea khatello ke…
K. 1: 4
B. 1: 2
C. 2: 1
D. 4: 1
E. 5: 1
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore :
Molumo oa pele = V
Molumo oa ho qetela = V
Khatello ea pele ea khase = P
Khatello ea ho qetela ea khase = ¼ P
Potso : papiso ea matla a pele a kinetic le matla a ho qetela a kinetic (EK 1 : EK 2 )
Karabo :
Kamano pakeng tsa khatello (P), bophahamo ba modumo (V) le matla a kinetic (EK) a khase:
Papiso ea matla a pele a kinetic le matla a ho qetela a kinetic:
Karabo e nepahetseng ke D.
15. Mocheso oa khase e loketseng ka har'a tube o entsoe ka EK = 3/2 kT, moo T e emelang mocheso o felletseng le EK = matla a tloaelehileng a kinetic a limolek'hule tsa khase. Ho latela equation e kaholimo…
A. Ha mocheso oa khase o phahame, matla a eona a kinetic a fokotseha.
B. Ha mocheso oa khase o phahame, likaroloana tsa khase li tsamaea butle.
C. Ha mocheso oa khase o phahame, likaroloana tsa khase li tsamaea ka potlako.
D. Mocheso oa khase o lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le matla a kinetic a khase
E. Mocheso oa khase ha o ame motsamao oa likaroloana tsa khase.
Puisano
Ho latela foromo e kaholimo, mocheso o lekana ka ho toba le matla a kinetic. Ha mocheso o phahame, matla a kinetic a ba maholo. Matla a kinetic a lekana le lebelo la motsamao oa likaroloana tsa khase (EK = ½ mv 2 , moo EK = matla a kinetic, v = lebelo). Ha matla a kinetic a le maholo, motsamao oa likaroloana tsa khase o potlaka.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
7. Mabaka a susumetsang matla a kinetic a khase sebakeng se koetsoeng:
(1) khatello
(2) bophahamo ba modumo
(3) mocheso
(4) mefuta ea lintho
Polelo e nepahetseng ke….
A. (1) le (2)
B. (1) le (3)
C. (1) le (4)
D. (2) feela
E. (3) feela
Puisano
Sebaka se koetsoe kahoo bophahamo ba khase bo lula bo tsitsitse, bophahamo ba khase ha bo ame matla a kinetic.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
16. Ela hloko polelo e latelang!
(1) Palo ea likaroloana tsa khase ea eketseha
(2) Palo ea li-moles e fokotsehile
(3) Mocheso o eketsehile
(4) Molumo o eketsehile
Mabaka a ka eketsang khatello ea khase sebakeng se koetsoeng a bontšoa ke palo…
Puisano
Tekanyo ea khatello ea khase sebakeng se koetsoeng:
Lintlha:
P = kgatello, N = palo ya dimolekhule tsa kgase, m = boima, v = lebelo le tloaelehileng la dimolekhule, V = bophahamo ba setshelo, n = palo ya dimolekhule.
Ho latela equation e kaholimo,
Haeba palo ea likaroloana tsa khase (N) e eketseha, khatello ea khase (P) ea eketseha.
Haeba palo ea li-moles (n) e fokotsehile, joale khatello ea khase (P) ea fokotseha.
Haeba mocheso (T) o eketseha, kgatello ya kgase (P) e a eketseha.
Haeba bophahamo ba modumo (V) bo eketseha, kgatello ya kgase (P) e a fokotseha.
Kahoo mabaka a ka eketsang kgatello ya kgase sebakeng se kwetsweng ke 1 le 3.
17. Khase ea Argon e ka phapusing e koetsoeng ha mocheso o fetoha habeli ho feta oa pele, ebe lebelo la motsamao oa likaroloana tsa khase ea argon le fetoha ho ... makhetlo a pele.
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala:
Mocheso oa pele = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela = 2T
Lebelo la pele = v
Potso: Lebelo la ho qetela = ….v
Karabo:
Foromo ea kamano pakeng tsa lebelo, karolelano ea matla a kinetic le mocheso oa khase:
Lintlha:
v = lebelo, k = Bolztmann e sa fetoheng, T = mocheso, m = boima
Lebelo la pele:
A re re k = 1, T = 1 le m = 1.
Haeba mocheso oa ho qetela = 2 joale lebelo la ho qetela ke:
Lebelo la ho qetela = √ makhetlo a 2 ho feta la pele.
18. Palo e itseng ea khase e ntle ea monatomic qalong e na le khatello ea 120 kPa. Ebe khase e futhumatsoa ka khatello e sa fetoheng e le hore e atolohe. A re re khase e sa fetoheng e hlalosoa e le R J.mol -1 .K -1 . Haeba ts'ebetsong mocheso oa khase o nyolohela ho 38,4/R Kelvin 'me mosebetsi ka kmol o etsoang ke khase ho atoloha ke 8,4 J, joale bophahamo ba pele ba khase ka kmol ke...
A. 210 cc
B. 225 cc
C. 235 cc
D. 240 cc
E. 250 cc
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala:
Khatello (P) = 120 kPa = 120.000 Pascals
Khase e sa fetoheng ka kakaretso = R
Mocheso (T) = 38,4/R
Mosebetsi (W) ka kilomol = 8,4 Joules
E botsitsweng: Bophahamo ba pele (V 1 ) ka kilomol
Karabo:
Bala bophahamo ba ho qetela (V 2 ):
PV 2 = n RT
120.000 (V 2 ) = R (38,4/R)
120.000 (V 2 ) = 38,4
V 2 = 38,4 /120.000
V 2 = 0,00032
V 2 = 0,32 x 10 -3 m 3 /kmol
V 2 = 0,32 x 10 -3 x 10 6 cm 3 / kmol
V 2 = 0,32 x 10 3 cm 3 /kmol
V 2 = 320 cm 3 /kmol
V 2 = 320 cc/kmol
Bala bophahamo ba pele (V 1 ):
W = P (V 2 – V 1 )
8,4 = 120 x 10 3 (0,32 x 10 -3 – V 1 )
8,4 = 120 x 10 3 x 0,32 x 10 -3 – (120 x 10 3 V 1 )
8,4 = 120 x 0,32 – (120 x 10 3 V 1 )
8,4 = 38,4 – (120 x 10 3 V 1 )
(120 x 10 3 V 1 ) = 38,4 – 8,4
(120 x 10 3 V 1 ) = 30
V 1 = 30 / (120 x 10 3 )
V 1 = 0,25 x 10 -3 m 3
V 1 = 0,25 x 10 -3 x 10 6 cm 3
V 1 = 0,25 x 10 3 cm 3
V 1 = 250 cm 3
V 1 = 250 cc
Karabo e nepahetseng ke E.
19. Khase ea Argon e ka nkoa e le khase e loketseng. Khase qalong e na le matla a ka hare E1 le mocheso T1Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ka ho etsa mosebetsi oa W, e lokolla matla a boleng ba Q 'me boemo ba ho qetela ba matla a ka hare ke E.f le mocheso TfBoholo ba phetoho ea matla bo bontšitsoe setšoantšong se kaholimo. Qeto ea ts'ebetso ena ke efe?
A. Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ea isobaric le T f < T i
B. Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ea adiabatic le T f < T i
C. Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ea isochoric le T f < T i
D. Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ea isothermal 'me T f = T i
E. Khase e feta ts'ebetsong ea isochoric mme T f = T i
Puisano
Ho latela setšoantšo, matla a pele (E i ) le matla a ho qetela (E f ) ha li fetohe, ka mantsoe a mang phetoho ea matla a ka hare ke lefela. Foromo ea phetoho ea matla a ka hare: ΔU = 3/2 N k ΔT
Ho latela foromo ena, haeba phetoho ea matla a ka hare e le lefela (ΔU=0), joale phetoho ea mocheso le eona ke lefela (ΔT=0). Phetoho ea mocheso oa lefela e bolela hore mocheso o lula o sa fetohe. Haeba mocheso o lula o sa fetohe, khase e ntse e feta ts'ebetsong ea isothermal.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke D.
Mohloli oa lipotso:
Lipotso tsa Fisiks tsa Tlhahlobo ea Naha bakeng sa Sekolo se Phahameng sa Thuto e Phahameng/Sekolo se Phahameng sa Mosebetsi
