Sehlooho: Ho Utloisisa Mehloli ea Molumo: Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Pendahuluan
Molumo ke leqhubu la mechine le hasanang ka mokhoa o kang moea, metsi, kapa lintho tse tiileng. Ketsahalo ena e bohlokoa bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho tloha puisanong ea batho le ho natefeloa ke 'mino ho ea lits'ebetsong tsa theknoloji tse kang sonar le ultrasound. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba likhopolo tse fapaneng tse amanang le mehloli ea molumo ka mathata a mehlala a tla re thusa ho utloisisa.
Khopolo ea Motheo ea Mehloli ea Molumo
Pele re teba mathateng a mohlala, ha re hlahlobeng ka bokhutšoanyane mohopolo oa motheo oa mehloli ea molumo. Molumo o hlahisoa ke ho thothomela ha ntho, 'me ho na le litšobotsi tse' maloa tsa bohlokoa tseo u lokelang ho li utloisisa:
1. Maqhubu: Palo ea ho thothomela ho hlahisoang ke mohloli oa molumo ka motsotsoana, e lekanngoang ka Hertz (Hz). Maqhubu a khetholla molumo oa molumo.
2. Bongata: Boholo ba ho thothomela ho tswang mohloding wa modumo. Bongata bo amana ka ho toba le modumo o phahameng kapa bonolo ba modumo.
3. Lebelo la Molumo: Lebelo la modumo le fapana ho latela modumo. Mohlala, modumo o tsamaya ka potlako metsing ho feta moyeng.
4. Bolelele ba maqhubu: Sebaka se pakeng tsa litlhōrō tse peli tse latellanang tsa leqhubu la molumo.
Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Mohloli oa Molumo
A re buisaneng ka mehlala e meng ea lipotso ho utloisisa hamolemo khopolo ea mehloli ea molumo.
Potso ea 1: Mehloli ea Molumo le Makhetlo
Fereko ea ho lokisa e hlahisa molumo o nang le maqhubu a 440 Hz. Haeba lebelo la molumo moeeng e le 340 m/s, bolelele ba leqhubu la molumo o hlahisoang ke fereko ea ho lokisa ke bofe?
Puisano:
Bolelele ba maqhubu bo ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ \lambda = \frac{v}{f} \]
Moo \( \lambda \) e leng bolelele ba leqhubu, \( v \) ke lebelo la modumo, mme \( f \) ke maqhubu.
Kenya boleng boo re nang le bona:
\[ \lambda = \frac{340 \, \text{m/s}}{440 \, \text{Hz}} = 0.7727 \, \text{m} \]
Kahoo, bolelele ba leqhubu la molumo o hlahisoang ke limithara tse 0.7727.
Potso ea 2: Bongata le Matla a Molumo
Mehloli e 'meli e tšoanang ea molumo e hlahisa maqhubu a mabeli a nang le boholo ba li-unit tse 2 ka 'ngoe. Haeba maqhubu ana a mabeli a kopantsoe, boholo bo boholo bo ka hlahisoang ke bofe?
Puisano:
Ha maqhubu a mabeli a nang le boholo bo tšoanang le mohato o tšoanang a kopanngoa, boholo bo phahameng bo hlahang ke kakaretso ea boholo ba bona. Kahoo:
Boholo ba boholo = 2 + 2 = diyuniti tse 4.
Potso ea 3: Phello ea Doppler
Ambulense e tsamayang ka lebelo la 30 m/s e atamela motho ya tsamayang ka maoto ya sa emeng. Haeba maqhubu a siren ya yona e le 700 Hz mme lebelo la modumo moyeng e le 340 m/s, motho ya tsamayang ka maoto o utlwa maqhubu afe?
Puisano:
Sebelisa foromo ea phello ea Doppler bakeng sa mohloli o atamelang momameli:
\[ f' = f \left( \frac{v + v_o}{v – v_s} \right) \]
Mona, \( f' \) ke maqhubu a bonoang, \( v \) ke lebelo la molumo moeeng, \( v_o \) ke lebelo la momameli (0 m/s hobane motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto o eme), 'me \( v_s \) ke lebelo la mohloli (ambulense).
\[ f' = 700 \, \text{Hz} \left( \frac{340 \, \text{m/s} + 0 \, \text{m/s}}{340 \, \text{m/s} – 30 \, \text{m/s}} \right) \]
\[ f' = 700 \, \text{Hz} \left( \frac{340}{310} \right) \]
\[ f' = 768.39 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a utluoang ke motho ea tsamaeang ka maoto ke hoo e ka bang 768.39 Hz.
Potso ea 4: Ho utloahala ha lentsoe
Phaephe e bulehileng ea molumo e na le bolelele ba limithara tse 0.85. Haeba lebelo la molumo moeeng e le 340 m/s, maqhubu a motheo a molumo ona ke afe?
Puisano:
Bakeng sa tube e bulehileng, maqhubu a motheo a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ f = \frac{v}{2L} \]
Moo \( L \) e leng bolelele ba tube.
\[ f = \frac{340 \, \text{m/s}}{2 \times 0.85 \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 200 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a motheo a tube ea resonance ke 200 Hz.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mehloli ea molumo le liketsahalo tse amanang le oona tse kang maqhubu, boholo ba molumo, lebelo, le phello ea Doppler ho bohlokoa fisiks ea molumo. Mehlala ea mathata a kaholimo e bontša kamoo likhopolo tsena li sebelisoang kateng maemong a fapaneng. Ka ho ithuta le ho itloaetsa mathata ana, re ka tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea hore na molumo o sebetsa joang ho re potoloha. Tsoela pele ho itloaetsa le ho hlahloba mehloli e fapaneng ho matlafatsa tsebo ea hau ea molumo.
