Mehlala ea Lipotso Mabapi le Melao-motheo ea Maqhubu
Maqhubu ke liketsahalo tsa 'mele tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa likarolong tse ngata tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi le saense. Ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea mantlha ea maqhubu ho re lumella ho utloisisa hamolemo lefatše le re potileng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mathata a fapaneng a mehlala a amanang le melao-motheo ea bohlokoa ea maqhubu, joalo ka maqhubu a mechini, maqhubu a motlakase, le liketsahalo tse ling tse amanang le tsona.
Kutloisiso ea Motheo ea Maqhubu
Leqhubu ke tšitiso e atang ka seaplane (joalo ka metsi kapa moea) kapa sebaka. Maqhubu a ka aroloa ho latela hore na a ata joang le seaplane seo a tsamaeang ho sona. Lihlopha tse peli tse ka sehloohong ke maqhubu a mechine, a hlokang seaplane, le maqhubu a motlakase, a ka atang ntle le seaplane. Maqhubu a ka boela a aroloa ka maqhubu a potolohang le a longitudinal ho latela tataiso ea ho sisinyeha ha likaroloana ka har'a seaplane.
Mehlala ea Melao-motheo ea Maqhubu
Molao-motheo oa Superposition
Molao-motheo oa superposition o bolela hore ha maqhubu a mabeli kapa ho feta a kopana moyeng, tšitiso e hlahang ntlheng eo ke kakaretso ea vector ea amplitudes ea leqhubu ka leng. Molao-motheo ona oa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa liketsahalo tsa tšitiso.
Mohlala oa Superposition Bothata:
Maqhubu a mabedi a sinusoidal a kopana ntlheng hodima metsi ka boholo ba A1 = 3 cm le A2 = 4 cm, ka ho latellana. Haeba maqhubu ana a mabedi a le mokgahlelong, fumana boholo ba leqhubu le hlahang.
Karabo:
Kaha maqhubu ka bobeli a boemong, boholo ba leqhubu le hlahang ke kakaretso ea boholo ba maqhubu ka bobeli:
\[ A_{\text{total}} = A_1 + A_2 = 3 \, \text{cm} + 4 \, \text{cm} = 7 \, \text{cm} \]
Molao oa Snell
Molao oa Snell o amana le ho refraction ha maqhubu ha a kena mokerong o fapaneng, mohlala ho tloha moeeng ho ea metsing. Sena se hlalosoa ke mokhoa ona:
\[ n_1 \sin \theta_1 = n_2 \sin \theta_2 \]
moo \( n_1 \) le \( n_2 \) e leng di-index tsa refractive tsa medium 1 le 2, mme \(\theta_1\) le \(\theta_2\) e leng dikhutlo tsa incidence le refraction.
Lipotso tsa Mohlala oa Refraction:
Lehlaseli la leseli le tsamaea ho tloha moeeng (lenane la refractive = 1) 'me le kena metsing (lenane la refractive = 1.33) ka sekhutlo sa ketsahalo ea 30°. Fumana sekhutlo sa refraction ka metsing.
Karabo:
Ho sebelisa molao oa Snell:
\[ 1 \cdot \sin(30^\circ) = 1.33 \cdot \sin(\theta_2) \]
\[ \sin(30^\circ) = 0.5 \]
\[ 0.5 = 1.33 \cdot \sin(\theta_2) \]
\[ \sin(\theta_2) = \frac{0.5}{1.33} \hoo e ka bang 0.376 \]
\[ \theta_2 = \sin^{-1}(0.376) \hoo e ka bang 22.2^\circ \]
Ketsahalo ea Phapang
Phapang ke ho kobeha ha maqhubu ha a kopana le litšitiso 'me a feta likheong tse tšesaane, 'me ketsahalo ena e hlahella haholoanyane haeba boholo ba lekhalo bo bapisoa le bolelele ba maqhubu.
Lipotso tsa Mohlala oa Phapang:
Leqhubu la molumo le nang le bolelele ba limithara tse 0,5 le feta ka har'a lekhalo le bophara ba limithara tse 1. Buisanang ka hore na sena se tla ama ho falla ha leqhubu joang.
Karabo:
Hobane bophara ba lesoba bo boholo ho feta bolelele ba leqhubu, maqhubu a molumo a ba le diffraction, empa e seng haholo. Haeba bophara ba lesoba bo ne bo le bonyenyane kapa bo lekana le bolelele ba leqhubu, diffraction e ne e tla ba matla haholo.
Maqhubu a Elektromakenete
Maqhubu a motlakase (EM) a kenyeletsa maqhubu a seea-le-moea, li-microwave, leseli la infrared, leseli le bonahalang, leseli la ultraviolet, mahlaseli a X le mahlaseli a gamma. Ho fapana le maqhubu a mechine, maqhubu a EM ha a hloke sebui ho jala.
Molao oa Planck
Ketsahalo ea maqhubu a motlakase e ka bonoa hangata ho latela pono ea fisiks ea sejoale-joale, joalo ka molao oa Planck o bolelang hore matla a proton a lekana le maqhubu a eona:
\[ E = h \cdot f \]
moo \( E \) e leng matla, \( h \) ke phetoho ya Planck (\(6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js}\)), mme \( f \) ke maqhubu.
Mehlala ea Lipotso tsa Maqhubu a Elektromakenete:
Haeba maqhubu a khanya ea ultraviolet e le \(8 \times 10^{14} \, \text{Hz}\), matla a eona ke afe?
Karabo:
\[ E = 6.626 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js} \ka makhetlo a 8 \ka makhetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz} = 5.301 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-19} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Ho koala
Ho utloisisa melao-motheo ea motheo ea maqhubu ho bohlokoa ho ithuteng fisiks le ts'ebeliso ea 'ona theknolojing ea letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho tloha melao-motheong ea superposition ho ea ho refraction ho ea ho diffraction, li fana ka temohisiso ea hore na maqhubu a sebelisana joang le tikoloho ea 'ona le ho susumetsa liketsahalo tseo re li bonang.
Ka mehlala e hlahisitsoeng, re ka fumana kutloisiso e tebileng ea hore na likhopolo tsena li ka sebelisoa joang, ha ka nako e ts'oanang re matlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea mohopolo o akaretsang oa maqhubu. Saenseng e tsoetseng pele, melao-motheo ena e ntse e sebelisoa masimong a kang puisano, optics, esita le cosmology, e leng se etsang hore e be motheo oa bohlokoa bakeng sa baithuti ba fisiks le bafuputsi ho utloisisa.
