Mohlala oa potso ea puisano mabapi le boholo ba sebaka seo motho a lokelang ho se beha
Litekanyo tsa ho beha ke taba ea bohlokoa mafapheng a fapaneng, haholo-holo lipalo-palo, moruo le tsamaiso. Litekanyo tsa ho beha li kenyelletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea litekanyo tse sebelisoang ho lekanya boemo ba data ka har'a kabo e fanoeng, joalo ka li-quartile, li-decile, li-percentile, jj. Ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho lekanya le ho sekaseka litekanyo tsa ho beha ho bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea tlhahlobo ea data, ho etsa liqeto le mesebetsi ea lipatlisiso.
Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a amanang le litekanyo tsa ho beha le mokhoa oa ho a rarolla. Mathata ana a ikemiselitse ho hlakisa mohopolo le ts'ebeliso ea litekanyo tsa ho beha maemong a fapaneng.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Li-Quartile
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka lintlha tse latelang: 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 30. Bala Q1 (karolo ea pele ea kotara), Q2 (karolo ea bobeli ea kotara), le Q3 (karolo ea boraro ea kotara).
Tharollo:
Mohato oa pele oa ho bala li-quartile ke ho hlophisa lintlha ho tloha ho tse nyane ho isa ho tse kholo. Bothateng bona, lintlha li se li hlophisitsoe.
– n (palo ea lintlha) = 10
Ho bala Q1:
Q1 ke boleng bo nkang boemo \(\frac{n + 1}{4}\).
\[
Q1 = \frac{10 + 1}{4} = \frac{11}{4} = 2.75
\]
Kaha liphetho ha li chitja, re sebelisa phetolo pakeng tsa data ea bobeli le ea boraro.
Lintlha tsa boraro = 7
Lintlha tsa boraro = 8
\[
Q1 = 7 + 0.75 \makhetlo (8 - 7) = 7 + 0.75 = 7.75
\]
Ho bala Q2 (Medium):
Q2 ke boleng bo nkang boemo bo bohareng. Kaha n ke palo e lekanang, Q2 ke karolelano ea boleng boemong ba 5 le ba 6.
\[
Q2 = \frac{13 + 14}{2} = \frac{27}{2} = 13.5
\]
Ho bala Q3:
Q3 ke boleng bo nkang boemo \(\frac{3(n + 1)}{4}\).
\[
P3 = \frac{3 \makgetlo (10 + 1)}{4} = \frac{33}{4} = 8.25
\]
Re sebelisa phetolo pakeng tsa data ea 8 le ea 9.
Lintlha tsa boraro = 21
Lintlha tsa boraro = 23
\[
Q3 = 21 + 0.25 \makhetlo (23 - 21) = 21 + 0.5 = 21.5
\]
Kahoo, Q1 = 7.75, Q2 = 13.5, le Q3 = 21.5.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Ho Sebelisa Liperesente
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka sete ea data e latelang: 15, 18, 20, 24, 30, 32, 35, 40, 42, 45. Fumana boleng ba 70%.
Tharollo:
Mohato oa pele ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore lintlha li hlophisitsoe ho tloha ho tse nyane ho isa ho tse kholo, 'me lintlha tse ka holimo li hlophisitsoe.
Palo ea lintlha, n = 10
Peresente ea bo-70 e bolela hore re batla boleng bo nkang boemo ba 70% ba data eohle.
\[
P_{70} = \frac{70}{100} \makgetlo (n + 1) = 0.70 \makgetlo a 11 = 7.7
\]
Kaha sephetho ke nomoro e seng palo e feletseng, re sebelisa phetolo pakeng tsa data ea 7 le ea 8.
Lintlha tsa boraro = 35
Lintlha tsa boraro = 40
\[
P_{70} = 35 + 0.7 \makgetlo (40 - 35) = 35 + 3.5 = 38.5
\]
Kahoo, boleng ba 70% ba sete ea data ke 38.5.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Ho Bala Li-Decile
Potso:
Ha ho fanoe ka lintlha tse latelang tsa liphetho tsa liteko: 55, 63, 67, 72, 75, 78, 80, 82, 86, 90. Bala desile ea bone (D4).
Tharollo:
Mohato oa pele ke ho netefatsa hore data e hlophisoa ho tloha ho e nyane ho isa ho e kholo. Data e kaholimo e se e hlophisitsoe.
Palo ea lintlha, n = 10
Desile ea bone e bolela hore re batla boleng bo nkang boemo ba 40% ba data eohle.
\[
D_4 = \frac{4 \times (n + 1)}{10} = \frac{4 \times 11}{10} = 4.4
\]
Kaha sephetho ke nomoro e seng palo e feletseng, re sebelisa phetolo pakeng tsa data ea 4 le ea 5.
Lintlha tsa boraro = 72
Lintlha tsa boraro = 75
\[
D_4 = 72 + 0.4 \makgetlo (75 - 72) = 72 + 1.2 = 73.2
\]
Kahoo, decile ea bone ea sete ea data ke 73.2.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4: Kopo ea Kabo ea Lekeno
Potso:
Phuputso ea moruo e bokelletse lintlha tsa chelete ea khoeli le khoeli bakeng sa batho ba 'maloa ka tsela e latelang: 2000, 2200, 2400, 2500, 2700, 3000, 3200, 3500, 3700, 4000, 4200, 4500, 4700, 5000, 5500. Fumana bohareng le li-quartile tsa sete ea data.
Tharollo:
Taba ea pele, re etsa bonnete ba hore data e hlophisoa ho tloha ho e nyane ho isa ho e kholo, 'me data e kaholimo e hlophisoa.
Palo ea lintlha, n = 15
Ho bala Bohareng (Q2):
Mohareng ke data e boemong bo bohareng.
\[
\text{Median position} = \frac{n + 1}{2} = \frac{15 + 1}{2} = 8
\]
Lintlha tsa boraro = 3500
Kahoo, karolelano (Q2) ke 3500.
Ho bala Q1:
Q1 ke boleng bo nkang boemo \(\frac{n + 1}{4}\).
\[
Q1 = \frac{15 + 1}{4} = \frac{16}{4} = 4
\]
Lintlha tsa boraro = 2500
Kahoo, Q1 ke 2500.
Ho bala Q3:
Q3 ke boleng bo nkang boemo \(\frac{3(n + 1)}{4}\).
\[
P3 = \frac{3 \times (15 + 1)}{4} = \frac{3 \times 16}{4} = 12
\]
Lintlha tsa boraro = 4500
Kahoo, Q3 ke 4500.
Kahoo, karolelano (Q2) ke 3500, Q1 ke 2500, 'me Q3 ke 4500.
Qetello
Litekanyo tsa kabo ke lisebelisoa tse molemo haholo tlhahlobong ea data, tse re thusang ho utloisisa le ho toloka kabo ea data. Ka ho sebelisa litekanyo tse kang li-quartile, li-decile, le li-percentile, re ka fumana setšoantšo se hlakileng sa kabo le mekhoa ea data e hlahlojoang. Sengoloa sena se fana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata le litharollo, ka tšepo ea ho thusa babali ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala le ho sebelisa litekanyo tsa kabo maemong a fapaneng.
