Sehlooho: Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Puisano mabapi le Khopolo-taba ho tloha ho Prokaryotic ho ea ho Eukaryotic
Pendahuluan
Thutong ea baeloji, e 'ngoe ea lihlooho tsa bohlokoa tse tšohloang ke phetoho ho tloha ho lintho tse phelang tsa prokaryotic ho ea ho eukaryotic. Li-prokaryotes ke lintho tse phelang tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe tse se nang nucleus le li-organelle tse tlamiloeng ka lera, tse kang libaktheria le archaea. Ho sa le joalo, li-eukaryotes ke lintho tse phelang tse nang le lisele tse nang le nucleus ea 'nete le li-organelle tse tlamiloeng ka lera, ho kenyeletsoa liphoofolo, limela, li-fungus le li-protist. Khopolo-taba ena ea ho iphetola ha lintho ke e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa historing ea bophelo Lefatšeng.
Khopolo-taba e tsebahalang haholo e hlalosang phetoho ena ke khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis, e ileng ea tuma ka lekhetlo la pele ke Lynn Margulis ka 1967. Khopolo-taba ena e bolela hore li-eukaryote li bile teng ho tloha kamanong ea ho sebelisana pakeng tsa lisele tse 'maloa tsa prokaryotic. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba mathata a sampole le ho buisana ka khopolo-taba ena, eo ka tšepo e tla thusa ho utloisisa phetoho ea lisele.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1: Hlalosa khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis 'me u bolele bopaki bo tšehetsang khopolo-taba ena.
Puisano:
Khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis e hlalosa hore li-organelle tse kang mitochondria le li-chloroplast liseleng tsa eukaryotic li simolohile ho li-prokaryotes tse phelang tse lokolohileng tse neng li lula ka har'a sele ea eukaryotic ea baholo-holo. Qalong, sele ea prokaryotic ea aerobic e ile ea kena sele e 'ngoe e kholo ea prokaryotic e le endosymbiont. Ha nako e ntse e ea, kamano ea symbiotic e ile ea tsoela mahlakore ka bobeli molemo, 'me sele ea moamoheli e rua molemo bokhoning ba metabolism ea endosymbiont, ha endosymbiont e ile ea fumana tikoloho le mehloli e sireletsehileng. Qetellong, endosymbiont ena e ile ea fetoha organelle.
Bopaki bo tšehetsang khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis bo kenyelletsa:
1. Mitochondria le li-chloroplast li na le DNA ea tsona e chitja e tšoanang le DNA ea baktheria.
2. Li-organelle tsena ka bobeli li na le lera le le leng la lera le nkiloeng ho li-vesicle tsa phagocytic tsa sele ea moamoheli.
3. Mitochondria le di-chloroplast di ikatisa ka boikemelo ho sele ka ho arohana ha binary, e leng mokgwa o sebediswang ke di-prokaryote.
4. Tlhahlobo ea phylogenetic e bontša hore liphatsa tsa lefutso tse mitochondria le li-chloroplast li tšoana haholo le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa baktheria ho feta liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ka har'a khubu ea eukaryotic.
Potso ea 2: Fana ka mohlala oa ntho e phelang e tšehetsang khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis.
Puisano:
Mohlala o mong oa sebopuoa se tšehetsang khopolo-taba ea endosymbiosis ke Amoeba proteus le endosymbiont ea eona ea baktheria. Amoeba proteus ke protozoan ea eukaryotic e ka thehang kamano ea ho sebelisana le baktheria le bolele. Kamano ena e re lumella ho bona mofuta oa pele oa likamano tsa endosymbiosis.
Mohlala o mong ke Cyanophora paradoxa, setsebi sa eukaryotic se nang le cyanelles, li-organelles tsa photosynthetic tse nahanoang hore ke li-endosymbionts tsa cyanobacteria. Boteng ba likokoana-hloko tsena bo bontša kamano ea symbiotic e ileng ea tsoela pele ho theha li-chloroplast linthong tse ling tsa photosynthetic.
Potso ea 3: Mitochondria le li-chloroplast li ka nkoa joang e le litholoana tsa phetoho e tsoang ho li-prokaryotes?
Puisano:
Ho nahanoa hore mitochondria le li-chloroplast li bile teng ho tsoa ho li-prokaryotes ka lebaka la ho tšoana ho boletsoeng ka holimo, joalo ka boteng ba DNA e chitja le ho ikatisa ka ho arohana ha binary. Ho feta moo, tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e bontša hore li-chloroplast li nkiloe ho cyanobacteria le mitochondria ho tsoa ho li-proteobacteria. Lintlha tsa limolek'hule li bontša hore liphatsa tse itseng tsa lefutso ho mitochondria le li-chloroplast li tšoana haholo le liphatsa tsa lefutso ho libaktheria tse itseng.
Mokhoa ona oa ho iphetola ha lintho o ka etsahala ka mekhahlelo e 'maloa,' me mohato oa pele e le ntho e phelang ea prokaryotic e phelang tikolohong e nang le li-probiotic tse ngata. Ho monngoa le ho bolokoa ha li-endosymbiont ha hoa ka ha fana ka melemo ea metabolism feela empa hape ho susumelitse bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho sebelisa mehloli e fapaneng, e leng se ileng sa lebisa molemong o moholo oa ho iphetola ha lintho.
Potso ea 4: Phapang ea motheo pakeng tsa lisele tsa prokaryotic le eukaryotic ke efe ho latela pono ea sebopeho le ts'ebetso?
Puisano:
Phapang ea mantlha pakeng tsa lisele tsa prokaryotic le eukaryotic e kenyelletsa:
1. Boteng ba Nucleus: Lisele tsa eukaryotic li na le nucleus ea 'nete e sirelelitsoeng ke lera la nyutlelie, ha lisele tsa prokaryotic li se na nucleus; DNA ea tsona e fumaneha ka har'a cytoplasm sebakeng se bitsoang nucleoid.
2. Sebopeho sa DNA: DNA ka liseleng tsa prokaryotic e chitja ebile e bonolo, ha DNA ka har'a li-eukaryote e rarahane haholoanyane ebile e le mola ka li-histone tse etsang chromatin.
3. Li-organelle tse tlamiloeng ka lera: Lisele tsa eukaryotic li na le li-organelle tse fapaneng tse tlamiloeng ka lera, tse kang mitochondria, li-chloroplast, lisebelisoa tsa Golgi, le endoplasmic reticulum. Lisele tsa prokaryotic ha li na li-organelle tsena.
4. Boholo ba Sele: Ka kakaretso, lisele tsa eukaryotic li kholo ho feta lisele tsa prokaryotic.
5. Karohano ea Sele: Lisele tsa Prokaryotic li arola binary, ha lisele tsa eukaryotic li arohana ka mitosis kapa meiosis.
Qetello
Phetoho ho tloha ho diphedi tsa prokaryotic ho ya ho tsa eukaryotic e ne e le kgato ya bohlokwa phetohong ya bophelo Lefatsheng. Ka kgopolo ya endosymbiosis, re utlwisisa kamoo di-prokaryotes di ileng tsa fetoha disele tse rarahaneng tsa eukaryotic, tse kgonang ho bopa ho rarahana ha bophelo jwalo ka ha re bo tseba kajeno. Ho utlwisisa mekgwa le bopaki bo ka mora kgopolo ena ho thusa ho hlalosa mefutafuta le ho tswela pele ha diphedi polaneteng ya rona. Ka hona, ho ithuta dipotso mabapi le kgopolo ena ho tla atolosa kutlwisiso ya rona ya tshimollo ya mefuta e fapaneng ya lefatshe.
