Mohlala oa Potso ea Puisano mabapi le Khatello ea Osmotic ea Litharollo
Pendahuluan
Khatello ea Osmotic ke ketsahalo ea bohlokoa k'hemistri le baeloji. Ke khatello e hlokahalang ho thibela phallo ea metsi ho pholletsa le lera le ka kenang hanyane ho tloha tharollong ea mahloriso a tlase ho ea tharollong ea mahloriso a phahameng. Ho utloisisa khatello ea osmotic ho bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsa baeloji liseleng, kalafo ea metsi le moralo oa meriana. Ho hlakisa mohopolo ona ka ho hlaka haholoanyane, re tla buisana ka mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le litharollo tse amanang le khatello ea osmotic ea litharollo.
Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Khatello ea Osmotic ea Tharollo ea Tsoekere
Potso:
Digrama tse pedi tsa sucrose (C12H22O11) di qhibilihiswa ka metsing ho etsa bophahamo ba 500 mL. Kgatello ya osmotic ya tharollo ena ke efe ho 25°C? (Sebedisa R = 0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1 mme boima ba molar ba sucrose = 342 g/mol).
Puisano:
1. Bala molarity oa tharollo:
Molarity (M) = \( \dfrac{\text{Palo ea li-moles tsa solute}}{\text{Bophahamo ba tharollo ka lilithara}} \)
Palo ea li-moles tsa sucrose = \( \dfrac{2 \text{ g}}{342 \text{ g/mol}} \) = 0.00585 mol
Bophahamo ba tharollo = 500 mL = 0.5 L
Molarity (M) = \( \dfrac{0.00585 \text{ mol}}{0.5 \text{ L}} \) = 0.0117 M
2. Ho bala khatello ea osmotic:
Khatello ea Osmotic (π) = MRT
Di mana:
M = 0.0117 mol/L
R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
T = 25°C = 298 K (hobane mocheso o tlameha ho ba ho Kelvin)
π = (0.0117 mol/L)(0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)(298 K)
π = 0.286 atm
Kahoo, khatello ea osmotic ea tharollo ea sucrose ke 0.286 atm.
Potso ea 2: Khatello ea Osmotic ea Tharollo ea Electrolyte
Potso:
Kgatelelo ya osmotic ya tharollo ya NaCl e nang le mahloriso a 0.2 M mochesong wa 27°C ke eng? (Ho a tsebahala hore NaCl ke electrolyte e arohanang ka ho feletseng le Na+ le Cl- ka R = 0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)
Puisano:
1. Bala tekanyo ea karohano:
NaCl → Na+ + Cl-
Kaha NaCl e arohane ka ho feletseng, palo yohle ya dikarolwana tse ka hara tharollo e feta dimole tse pedi tsa NaCl.
Palo yohle ya dikarolwana = 2 × palo ya di-moles tsa NaCl
2. Ho bala khatello ea osmotic:
Khatello ea Osmotic (π) = iMRT
Di mana:
i = 2 (hobane ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea li-ion, Na+ le Cl-)
M = 0.2 mol/L
R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
T = 27°C = 300 K
π = (2)(0.2 mol/L)(0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)(300 K)
π = 9.852 atm
Kahoo, khatello ea osmotic ea tharollo ea NaCl ea 0.2 M ho 27°C ke 9.852 atm.
Potso ea 3: Khatello ea Osmotic ho Litharollo tsa Glucose le Fructose
Potso:
Tharollo e etsoa ka ho qhala mole e le 'ngoe ea tsoekere (C6H12O6) le mole e le 'ngoe ea fructose (C6H12O6) ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi. Khatello ea osmotic ea tharollo ke efe ho 37°C? (Sebelisa R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1)
Puisano:
1. Bala palo yohle ya di-moles:
Palo yohle ya di-moles = mole e le 1 ya glucose + mole e le 1 ya fructose = di-moles tse 2
2. Ho bala khatello ea osmotic:
Khatello ea Osmotic (π) = MRT
Di mana:
M = 2 mol/L (hobane ho na le kakaretso ea li-moles tse 2 ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi)
R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
T = 37°C = 310 K
π = (2 mol/L)(0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)(310 K)
π = 50.942 atm
Kahoo, khatello ea osmotic ea tharollo e nang le mole e le 'ngoe ea tsoekere le mole e le 'ngoe ea fructose ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi ho 37°C ke 50.942 atm.
Potso ea 4: Motsoako oa Lintho tse peli tse seng tsa Electrolyte
Potso:
Khatello ea osmotic ea motsoako o nang le 0.5 mol ea urea (CO(NH2)2) le 0.5 mol ea ethanol (C2H5OH) ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi ho 20°C ke efe? (R = 0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)
Puisano:
1. Bala palo yohle ya di-moles tse ka hara tharollo:
Palo yohle ya di-moles = 0.5 mol urea + 0.5 mol ethanol = 1 mol
2. Ho bala khatello ea osmotic:
Khatello ea Osmotic (π) = MRT
Di mana:
M = 1 mol/L (hobane ho na le kakaretso ea li-moles tse 1 ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi)
R = 0.0821 L atm K^-1 mol^-1
T = 20°C = 293 K
π = (1 mol/L)(0.0821 L·atm·K^-1·mol^-1)(293 K)
π = 24.0633 atm
Kahoo, khatello ea osmotic ea motsoako o nang le 0.5 mol ea urea le 0.5 mol ea ethanol ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi ka 20°C ke 24.0633 atm.
Qetello
Ho tsoa bothateng ba mohlala bo kaholimo, re ka utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala khatello ea osmotic tlas'a maemo a fapaneng. Khatello ea Osmotic e angoa ke lintlha tse kang mahloriso a tharollo, mofuta oa solute (electrolyte kapa non-electrolyte), le mocheso. Tlhahlobo ea lipalo e ka morao ho khatello ea osmotic e itšetlehile ka melao-motheo ea motheo e laetsoeng ke molao o motle oa khase. Ka kutloisiso e ntle ea mohopolo ona, re ka o sebelisa maemong a fapaneng a sebetsang k'hemistri le baeloji.
