Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buisanang ka Spectrum ea Maqhubu a Electromagnetic
Pendahuluan
Sekhahla sa motlakase ke mefuta eohle ea mahlaseli a motlakase. Mahlaseli a motlakase ke matla a tsamaeang sebakeng ka mokhoa oa maqhubu. Mehlala ea mahlaseli a motlakase a kenyelletsa leseli le bonahalang leo re le bonang, maqhubu a seea-le-moea a sebelisoang bakeng sa puisano, le mahlaseli a X a sebelisoang bongaka. Sengoloa sena se tla fana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a buang ka sekhahla sa motlakase ho thusa ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa motheo le ts'ebeliso ea tsona bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
Sekhahla sa Maqhubu a Elektromakenete
Pele re kena lipotsong le puisanong ea mohlala, ha re hlahlobeng ka bokhutšoanyane sekala sa motlakase. Sekala sena se arotsoe ka mefuta e 'maloa ho latela bolelele ba leqhubu kapa maqhubu, e leng:
1. Maqhubu a Seea-le-moea: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho milimithara e le 'ngoe ho isa ho lik'hilomithara tse 100. A sebelisoa puisanong ea seea-le-moea le thelevishene.
2. Maqhubu a dimaekroweife: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho milimithara e le 1 ho isa ho mithara e le 1. E sebediswa ho radar le dimaekroweife.
3. Infrared: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho nanometer tse 700 ho isa ho milimithara e le 1. E sebediswa dilaoleng tse hole, dikhamera tsa pono ya bosiu, le di-sensor tsa mocheso.
4. Leseli le Bonahalang: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho li-nanometer tse ka bang 400 ho isa ho tse 700. Ena ke spectrum e ka bonoang ke leihlo la motho.
5. Ultraviolet: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho li-nanometer tse 10 ho isa ho tse 400. E sebelisoa ho sterilization le ho lemoha forensic.
6. Mahlasedi a X: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo tloha ho 0.01 ho isa ho 10 nanometers. E sebelisoa litšoantšong tsa bongaka.
7. Mahlasedi a Gamma: Bolelele ba maqhubu bo ka tlase ho nanometers tse 0.01. E sebediswa kalafong ya kankere.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1
Potso: Antena ea seea-le-moea e sebetsa ka maqhubu a 100 MHz. Leqhubu la eona la maqhubu ke lefe?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Maqhubu (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
– Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \text{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \mongolo{dimithara} \]
Kahoo, bolelele ba leqhubu la lets'oao la seea-le-moea ke limithara tse 3.
Potso ea 2
Potso: Haeba bolelele ba leqhubu la khanya ea infrared e le 900 nm, maqhubu a eona ke afe?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 900 nm = 900 x 10^-9 limithara
– Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{900 \times 10^{-9} \text{ metres}} \]
\[ f = 3.33 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \mongolo{ Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a mahlaseli a infrared ke 3.33 x 10^14 Hz.
Potso ea 3
Potso: Leseli la ultraviolet le na le maqhubu a 8 x 10^14 Hz. Leqhubu la lona la maqhubu ke lefe?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Makgetlo (f) = 8 x 10^14 Hz
– Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{8 \times 10^14 \text{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3.75 \makgetlo a 10^{-7} \mongolo{dimithara} \]
\[ \lambda = 375 \mongolo{ nm} \]
Kahoo, bolelele ba leqhubu la khanya ea ultraviolet ke 375 nm.
Potso ea 4
Potso: Mohloli o ntša li-microwave tse nang le bolelele ba leqhubu la 5 cm. Maqhubu a tsona ke afe?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 5 cm = 0.05 metres
– Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{0.05 \text{ metres}} \]
\[ f = 6 \makgetlo a 10^9 \mongolo{ Hz} \]
Kahoo, maqhubu a li-microwave ke 6 x 10^9 Hz kapa 6 GHz.
Potso ea 5
Potso: Leseli le leputsoa le na le bolelele ba leqhubu ba hoo e ka bang 450 nm. Matla a photon a tsoang khanyeng ena e putsoa ke afe?
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 450 nm = 450 x 10^-9 limithara
– Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– Phetoho e sa fetoheng ya Planck (h) = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js
Foromo e sebelisitsoeng ke:
\[ E = hf \]
Ka:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{450 \times 10^{-9} \text{ metres}} \]
\[ f = 6.67 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \mongolo{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 6.626 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-34} \mongolo{ Js} \ka makhetlo a 6.67 \ka makhetlo a 10^{14} \mongolo{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 4.42 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} \mongolo{ Dijoules} \]
Kahoo, matla a photon a khanya e putsoa ke 4.42 x 10^-19 Joules.
Qetello
Sekhahla sa motlakase se kenyeletsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mahlaseli a nang le maqhubu le maqhubu a fapaneng. Sehloohong sena, re buisane ka mathata a 'maloa a mehlala a akaretsang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa sekhahla sena, ho tloha maqhubung a seea-le-moea ho ea khanyeng ea ultraviolet. Ka ho utloisisa likhopolo le lipalo tsa motheo, re ka sebelisa tsebo ena masimong a fapaneng a saense le theknoloji joalo ka puisano, bongaka le lits'ebetso tse ling. Re tšepa hore mathata a mehlala a kaholimo a u thusitse ho utloisisa sekhahla sa motlakase hamolemo.
Litlhahiso tse ling tsa Boikoetliso
Boitlhakiso bo eketsehileng bo lula bo thusa ho matlafatsa kutloisiso ea hau ea mehopolo eo u ithutileng eona. Lipotso tse ling tseo u ka li lekang ke tsena:
1. Antena ea thelevishene e amohela lets'oao le nang le bolelele ba leqhubu ba 75 cm. Fumana maqhubu a lona.
2. Bolelele ba leqhubu la khanya e khubelu ke 650 nm. Matla a eona ke afe?
3. Microwave e na le maqhubu a 10 GHz. Fumana bolelele ba leqhubu la yona.
4. Mahlasedi a X a na le bolelele ba leqhubu ba 0.1 nm. Bala maqhubu a ona.
5. Leseli le letala le na le maqhubu a 5.5 x 10^14 Hz. Fumana bolelele ba leqhubu la lona.
Ho sebetsa mathateng a mangata ho tla thusa ho matlafatsa kutlwisiso le bokgoni ba hao tabeng ya maqhubu a motlakase.
