Mohlala oa Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Liphesente tsa Lintlha tsa Sehlopha
Liperesente ke tekanyo ea boemo lipalo-palong tse sebelisoang ho utloisisa kabo ea data. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka botlalo ka mokhoa oa ho fumana liperesente bakeng sa data e hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha. Re tla kenyelletsa mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le litlhaloso tsa ona ho hlakisa mohopolo ona. A re qaleng ka kutloisiso ea motheo ea liperesente ebe re fetela mehlaleng le litlhalosong tsa eona.
Ho utloisisa Liperesente
Peresente ke boleng bo arolang data ka likarolo tse 100 tse lekanang. Ke hore, persente ea nth ke boleng boo n% ea data kabong e oelang ka tlase ho bona. Mohlala, haeba data e na le persente ea 25 (P25), ho bolela hore 25% ea data e oela ka tlase ho boleng boo.
Dintlheng tse hlopilweng, hangata re sebedisa ditafole tsa kabo ya maqhubu ho hlophisa data ebe re fumana dipersente tse amehang. Ditafole tsena di hlahisa data ka dinako tse itseng tsa sehlopha, e leng se re dumellang ho utlwisisa kabo ya data ka botlalo.
Foromo ea Peresente ho Lintlha tsa Sehlopha
Foromo e akaretsang ea ho fumana percentile ea nth (Pn) ho data ea sehlopha ke e latelang:
\[
P_n = L + \left( \frac{nN – \sum f_{\text{before}}}{f_{k}} \right) \times c
\]
Di mana:
– \(P_n\) ke peresente ya bontlhanngwe.
– \(L\) ke moeli o ka tlase oa karohano ea sehlopha sa percentile.
– \(n\) ke peresente e lakatsehang (mohlala, bakeng sa P25, n = 25).
– \(N\) ke palo yohle ya maqhubu a kopaneng.
– \(\sum f_{\text{before}}\) ke leqhubu le kopaneng pele ho karohano ya sehlopha sa percentile.
– \(f_{k}\) ke maqhubu a karohano ya sehlopha sa percentile.
– \(c\) ke bolelele ba karohano ya sehlopha.
Mohlala oa mathata
Ho utloisisa hamolemo, ha re shebeng mohlala oa potso e latelang 'me re e buisane ka botlalo.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Phuputsong, ho fumanoe lintlha tse mabapi le bolelele (ka cm) ba baithuti ba 100 ba sekolo se phahameng sa sehlopha sa leshome ka tsela e latelang:
| Nako ea Sehlopha | Makhetlo |
|——————-|———–|
| 150 – 154 | 5 |
| 155 – 159 | 8 |
| 160 – 164 | 12 |
| 165 – 169 | 20 |
| 170 – 174 | 30 |
| 175 – 179 | 15 |
| 180 – 184 | 10 |
Bala peresente ea 40 (P40) ea data.
Mehato ea ho Rarolla
1. Fumana maqhubu a kopaneng bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng:
| Nako ea Sehlopha | Maqhubu | Maqhubu a Kopaneng |
|——————-|————–|———————|
| 150 – 154 | 5 | 5 |
| 155 – 159 | 8 | 13 |
| 160 – 164 | 12 | 25 |
| 165 – 169 | 20 | 45 |
| 170 – 174 | 30 | 75 |
| 175 – 179 | 15 | 90 |
| 180 – 184 | 10 | 100 |
2. Hlalosa karohano ea sehlopha sa percentile (P40):
Kaha re batla P40, re hloka 40% ea baithuti ba 100, e leng baithuti ba 40. Ha re sheba tafole ea maqhubu a kopaneng, re fumana hore baithuti ba 40 ba robetse karolong ea sehlopha ea 165 - 169 cm hobane 45 ke maqhubu a pele a kopaneng a fetang 40.
3. Fumana boleng bo hlokahalang ka foromo:
– (L = 164.5)
– \(nN = 40\)
– \(\sum f_{\text{before}} = 25\)
– \(f_k = 20\)
– \(c = 5\)
4. Kenya boleng ka foromong:
\[
P_{40} = 164.5 + \left( \frac{40 – 25}{20} \right) \times 5
\]
\[
P_{40} = 164.5 + \left( \frac{15}{20} \right) \times 5
\]
\[
P_{40} = 164.5 + 0.75 \makhetlo a 5
\]
\[
P_{40} = 164.5 + 3.75
\]
\[
P_{40} = 168.25
\]
Kahoo, peresente ea bo40 (P40) ea data ke 168.25 cm.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
A re re ho na le lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea lipalo tse tsoang sehlopheng sa baithuti ba 200:
| Nako ea Sehlopha | Makhetlo |
|——————-|———–|
| 40 – 44 | 10 |
| 45 – 49 | 18 |
| 50 – 54 | 32 |
| 55 – 59 | 45 |
| 60 – 64 | 50 |
| 65 – 69 | 25 |
| 70 – 74 | 12 |
| 75 – 79 | 8 |
Bala peresente ea 75 (P75) ea data.
Mehato ea ho Rarolla
1. Fumana maqhubu a kopaneng bakeng sa sehlopha ka seng:
| Nako ea Sehlopha | Maqhubu | Maqhubu a Kopaneng |
|——————-|————–|———————|
| 40 – 44 | 10 | 10 |
| 45 – 49 | 18 | 28 |
| 50 – 54 | 32 | 60 |
| 55 – 59 | 45 | 105 |
| 60 – 64 | 50 | 155 |
| 65 – 69 | 25 | 180 |
| 70 – 74 | 12 | 192 |
| 75 – 79 | 8 | 200 |
2. Hlalosa karohano ea sehlopha sa percentile (P75):
Kaha re batla P75, re hloka 75% ea baithuti ba 200, e leng baithuti ba 150. Ha re sheba makhetlo a kopaneng, re fumana hore baithuti ba 150 ba oela karolong ea sehlopha ea 60 - 64.
3. Fumana boleng bo hlokahalang:
– (L = 59.5)
– \(nN = 150\)
– \(\sum f_{\text{before}} = 105\)
– \(f_k = 50\)
– \(c = 5\)
4. Kenya boleng ka foromong:
\[
P_{75} = 59.5 + \left( \frac{150 – 105}{50} \right) \times 5
\]
\[
P_{75} = 59.5 + \left( \frac{45}{50} \right) \times 5
\]
\[
P_{75} = 59.5 + 0.9 \makhetlo a 5
\]
\[
P_{75} = 59.5 + 4.5
\]
\[
P_{75} = 64
\]
Kahoo, peresente ea 75 (P75) ea data ke 64.
Qetello
Sehloohong sena, re buisane ka mokhoa oa ho fumana liperesente bakeng sa data e hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha re sebelisa liforomo le mathata a 'maloa a mehlala. Liperesente ke sesebelisoa se thusang lipalo-palo bakeng sa ho utloisisa kabo ea data le ho fumana boemo bo amanang ba boleng ba data. Ka ho utloisisa mokhoa oa ho bala liperesente datang e hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha, re ka sekaseka data ka botlalo. Re tšepa hore mathata ana a mehlala le puisano li u thusitse ho utloisisa hamolemo mohopolo oa liperesente datang e hlophisitsoeng ka lihlopha.
