Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Puisano mabapi le Limota tsa Motlakase
Mochini oa motlakase ke mochini o fetolang matla a motlakase hore e be matla a mechini. Ke karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, khoebo le malapa. Ho utloisisa melao-motheo le ts'ebetso ea li-motor tsa motlakase ho bohlokoa, haholo-holo bakeng sa baithuti ba boenjiniere le litsebi lefapheng la motlakase. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le lipuisano tse amanang le li-motor tsa motlakase ho thusa ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Li-motor tsa Motlakase
Pele re teba lipotsong tsena, ho molemo ho hlahloba melao-motheo ea mantlha ea li-motor tsa motlakase. Li-motor tsa motlakase li sebetsa ho latela molao-motheo oa electromagnetism, moo motlakase o fetang ka har'a coil o hlahisang matla a makenete a sebelisanang le matla a makenete a mohloli o kantle ho hlahisa motsamao. Ka kakaretso, li-motor tsa motlakase li arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: li-motor tsa motlakase o tobileng (DC) le li-motor tsa motlakase o fapanyetsanang (AC).
Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong tsa Motlakase oa Motlakase
1. Stator: Karolo e sa sisinyeheng ea enjene eo hangata e nang le likhoele tsa terata kapa limakenete tse sa feleng.
2. Rotor: Karolo e potolohang ea enjene eo hangata e nang le likhoele tsa terata kapa makenete.
3. Khoele: Terata e phuthetsweng ho potoloha rotor kapa stator ho hlahisa matla a makenete.
4. Mohloli oa Matla: E fana ka motlakase o hlokahalang ho khanna enjene.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Lebelo la Enjene ea DC
Potso: Enjene ea DC e nang le liphetho tse 500 ka koili e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e sebetsa ho 24V le 5A. Haeba constant ea enjene \( K_m \) e le 0.02 Nm/A, bala lebelo la ho potoloha ha rotor haeba torque e hlahang e le 1 Nm.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Palo ea lipotoloho (N) = 500
– Motlakase (V) = 24V
– Hona jwale (I) = 5A
– Enjene e sa fetoheng \( K_m \) = 0.02 Nm/A
– Torque (T) = 1 Nm
Ho latela equation ea motheo ea enjene ea DC, rea tseba:
\[ T = K_m \cdot I \]
\[ 1 Nm = 0.02 Nm/A \cdot 5 A \]
\[ 1 Nm = 0.1 Nm \]
Sena se bolela hore torque e sa fetoheng e hlokahalang ho hlahisa 1 Nm ka motlakase oa 5 A e nepahetse.
E latelang, ho bala lebelo la ho potoloha (\( \omega \)):
\[ E = K_m \cdot \omega \]
\[ V = E \]
\[ 24V = 0.02 Nm/A \cdot \omega \]
Ho tloha mona, re ka bala lebelo (\( \omega \)):
\[ \omega = \frac{V}{K_m} \]
\[ \omega = \frac{24V}{0.02 Nm/A} \]
\[ \omega = 1200 rad/s \]
Potso ea 2: Bokgoni ba Motlakase oa AC Induction
Potso: Moenjene oa induction oa mekhahlelo e 3 o na le matla a ho kenya a 30 kW le matla a ho ntša a 27 kW. Bala katleho ea moenjene.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Matla a ho kenya (P_in) = 30 kW
– Matla a ho ntša (P_out) = 27 kW
Bokgoni (\( \eta \)) ba enjene bo ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ \eta = \left( \frac{P_{out}}{P_{in}} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \eta = \left( \frac{27 kW}{30 kW} \right) \times 100\% \]
\[ \eta = 0.9 \makgetlo a 100\% \]
\[ \eta = 90\% \]
Kahoo, katleho ea enjene ea induction ke 90%.
Potso ea 3: Mochini o Tšoanang
Potso: Moenjene o tsamaisanang le motlakase o na le lipalo tse 4 'me o fanoa ka maqhubu a 60 Hz. Bala lebelo le tsamaisanang le motlakase la moenjene.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Palo ea lipalo (P) = 4
– Maqhubu (f) = 60 Hz
Lebelo la synchronous (n_s) la enjene e lumellanang le ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ n_s = \frac{120 \cdot f}{P} \]
\[ n_s = \frac{120 \cdot 60}{4} \]
\[ n_s = \frac{7200}{4} \]
\[ n_s = 1800 \, RPM \]
Kahoo, lebelo la synchronous la enjene e tsamaisanang ke 1800 RPM.
Potso ea 4: Torque ea Enjene ea DC ea Letoto
Potso: Enjene ea letoto la DC e na le khanyetso ea coil ea 0.5 ohms 'me e fanoa ka voltage ea 120V. Haeba phallo ea hona joale e le 10A, bala torque haeba torque e sa fetoheng e le 0.1 Nm/A².
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Khanyetso ea khoele (R) = 0.5 ohm
– Motlakase oa phepelo (V) = 120V
– Hona jwale (I) = 10A
– Torque e sa fetoheng \( K_t \) = 0.1 Nm/A²
Taba ea pele, bala ho theoha ha motlakase ho pholletsa le khoele:
\[ V_R = I \cdot R \]
\[ V_R = 10A \cdot 0.5 \Omega \]
\[ V_R = 5V \]
Motlakase o sebetsang hantle (V_eff) o sebetsang ho enjene:
\[ V_eff = V – V_R \]
\[ V_eff = 120V – 5V \]
\[ V_eff = 115V \]
Torque (T) e ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ T = K_t \cdot I^2 \]
\[ T = 0.1 Nm/A² \cdot (10A)^2 \]
\[ T = 0.1 Nm/A² \cdot 100 A² \]
\[T = 10 Nm \]
Kahoo, torque e hlahisoang ke enjene ea DC ea letoto ke 10 Nm.
Potso ea 5: Sesebelisoa sa ho Qala Mochini oa Induction
Potso: Setsebi se kenya starter ea star-delta ho enjene ea induction ea 50 kW. Bala hona joale ea ho qala ea pele haeba motlakase o sebetsang e le 400 V 'me enjene e na le bokhoni ba 92%.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– Matla a enjene (P) = 50 kW
– Motlakase (V) = 400V
– Bokgoni (\( \eta \)) = 92%
Taba ea pele, re bala matla a ho kenya (P_in):
\[ P_{in} = \frac{P}{\eta} \]
\[ P_{in} = \frac{50 kW}{0.92} \]
\[ P_{in} = 54.35 kW \]
Kaha enjene e sebedisa sistimi ya star-delta, motlakase o qalang naleding o tla ba tlase ho feta motlakase nakong ya tshebetso ya delta. Leha ho le jwalo, ho bala motlakase o tlwaelehileng, re ka sebedisa P_in le V:
\[ I_{nom} = \frac{P_{in}}{\sqrt{3} \cdot V} \]
\[ I_{nom} = \frac{54.35 kW}{\sqrt{3} \cdot 400V} \]
\[ I_{nom} = \frac{54350}{692.82} \]
\[ I_{nom} \hoo e ka bang 78.44 A \]
Bakeng sa ho qala hona joale ha o sebedisa potoloho ya dinaledi:
\[ I_{start\_star} = \frac{I_{nom}}{\sqrt{3}} \]
\[ I_{start\_star} \hoo e ka bang \frac{78.44A}{\sqrt{3}} \]
\[ I_{start\_star} \hoo e ka bang 45.28 A \]
Kahoo, motlakase oa pele oa ho qala potolohong ea linaleli ke hoo e ka bang 45.28 A.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa lipalo tsa motheo tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-motor tsa motlakase ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ba sebetsang boenjiniere ba motlakase le mechini. Mehlala ea mathata a kaholimo e bontša kamoo liparamente tse fapaneng tse kang motlakase, motlakase, motlakase, le bokhoni li bapalang karolo ho khetholleng ts'ebetso ea motlakase. Ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng, bokhoni ba ho rarolla mathata a kang ana bo tla ba bohlokoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang le mosebetsing.
