Mehlala ea Lipotso le Lipuisano tse Sebelisang Li-Constant tsa Tekano Lipalong
Pendahuluan
Khemistri ke thuto ea lintho le liphetoho tse etsahalang linthong tseo. Khopolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa k'hemistring ke tekano ea lik'hemik'hale, moo karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e fihlang boemong boo sekhahla sa karabelo ea pele se lekanang le sekhahla sa karabelo e fapaneng. Tekanyong ea lik'hemik'hale, mahloriso a li-reactants le lihlahisoa ha a fetohe ha nako e ntse e ea. Khopolo ena e laoloa ke tekano ea kamehla (K), e leng boleng bo sa fetoheng mochesong o fanoeng 'me ke net ea mahloriso a likarolo karabelong. Sehlooho sena se tla tšohla mehlala le lipuisano ho sebelisoa tekano ea kamehla lipalo.
Tekano e sa Feleng, K
Hangata tekanyo e sa fetoheng e hlalosoa ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo, e leng Kc le Kp. Kc ke tekanyo e sa fetoheng e thehiloeng holim'a mahloriso a molar, ha Kp e le tekanyo e sa fetoheng e thehiloeng khatellong e sa fellang ea khase.
Foromo ea Kc:
Bakeng sa karabelo:
\[ aA + bB \leftrightarrow cC + dD \]
Tekanyo e sa fetoheng e ipapisitseng le mahloriso e fanoa ke:
\[ Kc = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b} \]
Foromo ea Kp:
Bakeng sa dikarabelo tsa khase:
\[ aA(g) + bB(g) \leftrightarrow cC(g) + dD(g) \]
Tekanyo e sa fetoheng e ipapisitseng le kgatello e sa fellang e fanwa ke:
\[ Kp = \frac{(P_C)^c (P_D)^d}{(P_A)^a (P_B)^b} \]
Hoa tsebahala hore pakeng tsa Kp le Kc ho na le kamano e latelang:
\[ Kp = Kc (RT)^{\Delta n} \]
Moo:
– \( R \) ke khase e sa fetoheng (0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹),
– \( T \) ke mocheso ho Kelvin,
– \( \Delta n \) ke phetoho palong ya di-moles tsa kgase (c+dab).
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Palo ea Kc
Potso: Mochesong o itseng, tekanyo e tsitsitseng ea karabelo e latelang ke 4,0:
\[ 2NO_2 \ ka ho le letshehadi N_2O_4 \]
Haeba ho equilibrium, mahloriso a \( [NO_2] \) ke 0,6 M, bala mahloriso a \( [N_2O_4] \) ho equilibrium eo.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( Kc = 4,0 \)
– \( [NO_2] = 0,6 M \)
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ Kc = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{[NO_2]^2} \]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[ 4,0 = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{(0,6)^2} \]
Kahoo:
\[ 4,0 = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{0,36} \]
\[ [N_2O_4] = 4,0 \makgetlo a 0,36 \]
\[ [N_2O_4] = 1,44 \, M \]
Ka hona, mahloriso a \( [N_2O_4] \) ho tekano ke 1,44 M.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Ho Fetolela Kc ho Kp
Potso: Ha ho nahanoa ka karabelo:
\[ N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \ ka ho le letshehadi 2NH_3(g) \]
Ho 500 K, botsitso ba equilibrium Kc ke 0,278. Bala Kp bakeng sa karabelo mochesong oo.
Puisano:
Kamano pakeng tsa Kc le Kp e fanoa ke equation:
\[ Kp = Kc (RT)^{\Delta n} \]
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( Kc = 0,278 \)
– \( R = 0.0821 \, L atm K^{-1} mol^{-1} \)
– \( T = 500 \, K \)
– \( \Delta n = (2 – (1 + 3)) = -2 \)
Kahoo, ho nkeloa sebaka ha boleng:
\[ Kp = 0,278 \makgetlo (0.0821 \makgetlo a 500)^{-2} \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \makgetlo (41.05)^{-2} \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \makgetlo (1 / 1683.0025) \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \makgetlo 0.000594 \]
\[ Kp = 0.000165 \]
Kahoo, \( Kp \) bakeng sa karabelo ho 500 K ke 0.000165.
Mohlala oa 3: Ho Sebelisa Kp Lipalong tsa Khatello e sa Lekaneng
Potso: Bakeng sa karabelo e latelang ea khase:
\[ H_2(g) + I_2(g) \motsu o letona o letshehadi 2HI(g) \]
Kaha Kp ho 450 K ke 50. Haeba \( P_{H_2} = P_{I_2} = 0,2 \, atm \), bala kgatello e sa fellang ya HI ho tekano.
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala:
– \( Kp = 50 \)
– \( P_{H_2} = 0,2 \, atm \)
– \( P_{I_2} = 0,2 \, atm \)
Foromo ea kamehla ea tekano bakeng sa karabelo ena ke:
\[ Kp = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{P_{H_2} \times P_{I_2}} \]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[ 50 = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{0,2 \makgetlo a 0,2} \]
\[ 50 = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{0.04} \]
Kahoo:
\[ (P_{HI})^2 = 50 \makgetlo a 0,04 \]
\[ (P_{HI})^2 = 2 \]
\[ P_{HI} = \sqrt{2} \]
\[ P_{HI} \hoo e ka bang 1,414 \, atm \]
Ka hona, khatello e sa fellang ea HI ha e leka-lekana e ka ba 1,414 atm.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa mohopolo oa li-constant tsa equilibrium le ho khona ho li sebelisa lipalo tsa lik'hemik'hale ho bohlokoa bakeng sa baithuti ba ithutang k'hemistri e tsoetseng pele. Sengoloa sena se fana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata le puisano e felletseng ea tšebeliso ea li-constant tsa equilibrium Kc le Kp tlas'a maemo a fapaneng. Kutloisiso e tiileng ea thepa ena e tla nolofatsa ho rarolla mathata a amanang le likarabelo tsa equilibrium tsa lik'hemik'hale.
