Mohlala oa Lipotso tsa Puisano ea Motlakase oa Hona Joale ka ho Otloloha
Motlakase o tobileng (DC) ke ntho e tloaelehileng boenjiniere le fisiks. Motlakase o tobileng ke phallo ea lielektrone ka lehlakoreng le leng ka har'a conductor, hangata ho tloha ho terminal e ntle ho ea ho terminal e mpe potolohong. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le puisano ea' ona e amanang le motlakase o tobileng ho thusa ho ntlafatsa kutloisiso ea rona ea sehlooho sena.
1. Potoloho ea Letoto
Potso ea 1:
Ha ho fanoe ka potoloho e latellanang e nang le li-resistor tse tharo, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le boleng ba 4Ω, 6Ω, le 10Ω, e hokahaneng le mohloli oa motlakase oa 20V. Bala motlakase o phallang ka har'a potoloho.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, re hloka ho bala khanyetso eohle potolohong ea letoto. Potolohong ea letoto, khanyetso eohle (R_total) ke kakaretso ea khanyetso ka 'ngoe.
\[ R_{\text{total}} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 \]
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 4Ω + 6Ω + 10Ω = 20Ω \]
Kamora moo, re sebedisa molao wa Ohm ho bala motlakase. Molao wa Ohm o bolela hore \( V = I \times R \). Kahoo, motlakase (I) o ka balwa ka:
\[ I = \frac{V}{R_{\text{total}}} \]
\[ I = \frac{20V}{20Ω} = 1A \]
Kahoo, motlakase o phallang ka har'a potoloho ke 1 ampere.
2. Potoloho e Tšoanang
Potso ea 2:
Li-resistor tse tharo tse nang le khanyetso ea 3Ω, 6Ω, le 12Ω li hokahane ka ho lekana 'me li hokahantsoe le mohloli oa motlakase oa 12V. Bala motlakase o phallang ka har'a khanyetso ka 'ngoe.
Puisano:
Bakeng sa potoloho e bapileng, motlakase (V) ho pholletsa le resistor ka 'ngoe o tšoana 'me o lekana le motlakase oa mohloli. Taba ea pele, re bala motlakase ka mong re sebelisa molao oa Ohm.
\[ I_1 = \frac{V}{R_1} = \frac{12V}{3Ω} = 4A \]
\[ I_2 = \frac{V}{R_2} = \frac{12V}{6Ω} = 2A \]
\[ I_3 = \frac{V}{R_3} = \frac{12V}{12Ω} = 1A \]
Motlakase o phallang ka har'a resistor ka 'ngoe ke 4A, 2A, le 1A.
Ho phaella moo, re ka bala kakaretso ea motlakase o phallang ho tsoa mohloling re sebelisa molao oa hona joale oa Kirchoff o bolelang hore kakaretso ea motlakase o kenang ntlha e lekana le motlakase o tsoang ho eona:
\[ I_{\text{total}} = I_1 + I_2 + I_3 = 4A + 2A + 1A = 7A \]
3. Motsoako oa Letoto le Lipotoloho tse Tšoanang
Potso ea 3:
Li-resistor tse 'ne tse nang le boleng ba 4Ω, 6Ω, 12Ω, le 12Ω li hlophisitsoe ka potoloho e kopaneng, e leng 4Ω le 6Ω li hlophisitsoe ka tatellano, ebe sephetho se hlophisitsoe ka tatellano le 12Ω, 'me qetellong se hlophisitsoe ka tatellano le 12Ω ea boraro. Haeba mohloli oa motlakase e le 24V, fumana hore na motlakase o phalla ka kakaretso hakae potolohong.
Puisano:
Mohato oa pele ke ho bala khanyetso ea potoloho ea letoto la pele.
\[ R_{\text{letoto}} = 4Ω + 6Ω = 10Ω \]
Ebe re kopanya liphetho tse ka holimo le 12Ω ka tlhophiso e bapileng.
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{1}{10Ω} + \frac{1}{12Ω} \]
\[ \frac{1}{R_{\text{parallel}}} = \frac{6}{60} + \frac{5}{60} = \frac{11}{60} \]
\[ R_{\text{parallel}} = \frac{60}{11}Ω \hoo e ka bang 5.45Ω \]
Jwale, re beha sephetho sena ka tatellano le 12Ω ya ho qetela.
\[ R_{\text{total}} = R_{\text{parallel}} + 12Ω \]
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 5.45Ω + 12Ω = 17.45Ω \]
Ho fumana kakaretso ea hona joale, re sebelisa molao oa Ohm:
\[ I_{\text{total}} = \frac{V}{R_{\text{total}}} \]
\[ I_{\text{total}} = \frac{24V}{17.45Ω} \hoo e ka bang 1.38A \]
4. Matla Potolohong
Potso ea 4:
Ha o fuoa resistor e nang le boleng ba 5Ω le motlakase o fetang ka har'a resistor ea 2A, bala matla a qhalakantsoeng ke resistor.
Puisano:
Matla (P) a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ P = Ke^2 \makgetlo a R \]
\[ P = (2A)^2 \makgetlo a 5Ω \]
\[ P = 4 \makhetlo a 5 = 20W \]
Kahoo, matla a qhalakantsoeng ke resistor ke 20 watts.
5. Bokhoni ba Lintlha Potolohong
Potso ea 5:
Potoloho e na le li-resistor tse peli tsa 10Ω le 20Ω e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e hokahaneng ka letoto le mohloli oa motlakase oa 30V. Bala bokhoni bo pakeng tsa li-resistor tse peli.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, re bala motlakase o phallang potolohong.
\[ R_{\text{total}} = 10Ω + 20Ω = 30Ω \]
\[ I = \frac{30V}{30Ω} = 1A \]
Bokhoni ba ntlha pakeng tsa li-resistor tse peli bo ka fumanoa ka ho bala ho theoha ha motlakase ho pholletsa le resistor ea pele.
\[ V_{10Ω} = I \makgetlo R_1 = 1A \makgetlo 10Ω = 10V \]
Kahoo, bokgoni ba ntlha pakeng tsa di-resistor tse pedi ke \( 30V – 10V = 20V \).
Qetello
Sehlooho sena se buile ka mathata a 'maloa a mehlala le litharollo tsa ona tse amanang le lipotoloho tsa motlakase tse tobileng. Tsena li kenyelletsa lipotoloho tse latellanang, tse bapileng, le tse kopantsoeng, hammoho le ho bala matla le bokhoni lintlheng tse fapaneng. Kutloisiso e tiileng ea likhopolo tsena tsa motheo e bohlokoa ho mang kapa mang ea ithutang motlakase le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki. Ho ikoetlisa khafetsa ka mefuta e fapaneng ea mathata ho tla thusa haholo ho tseba thepa ena hantle.
