Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buisanang ka Li-lymphocyte tsa T le Likarabelo tse Ikhethang tsa 'Mele oa ho Sireletsa Lisele
Sistimi ea 'mele ea motho ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke e 'ngoe ea litsamaiso tse rarahaneng le tse khahlang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Har'a likarolo tse fapaneng tse khethollang katleho ea sistimi ena ea ho itšireletsa mafung ke li-T lymphocyte, tse bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa karabelong e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata le litharollo tsa ona ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea li-T lymphocyte le karabelo e itseng ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Pendahuluan
Li-lymphocyte tsa T, tse tsejoang hape e le lisele tsa T, ke mofuta oa sele e tšoeu ea mali e bohlokoa tšireletsong ea 'mele khahlanong le tšoaetso. Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea li-lymphocyte tsa T, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le karolo le mosebetsi o itseng tsamaisong ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Li-lymphocyte tsa T li kenya letsoho karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e leng karolo ea tsamaiso ea' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo, e sebetsang ka ho khetheha khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse itseng.
Mefuta ea Li-lymphocyte tsa T
Pele o kena lipotsong tsa mohlala, ho bohlokoa ho tseba mefuta e meholo ea li-lymphocyte tsa T:
1. Lisele tsa T tse thusang (CD4+): Ntlafatsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ka ho hlahisa li-cytokine tse susumetsang lisele tse ling tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
2. Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (CD8+): Li bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ke vaerase le lisele tsa kankere.
3. Lisele tsa T tse laolang: Laola kapa u hatelle karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung ho thibela tšenyo e feteletseng.
4. Lisele tsa Memory T: Li boloka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le likokoana-hloko tse fetileng 'me li fana ka karabelo e potlakileng ha li pepesetsoa hape.
Karabelo ea 'Mele e Ikhethang ea Selefouno
Karabelo ea sesole sa 'mele se ikhethileng e kenyelletsa ho lemoha ka ho toba likokoana-hloko ke lisele tsa T. Sena se fapana le karabelo ea humoral e kenyeletsang tlhahiso ea li-antibody ke lisele tsa B. Karabelo ea sesole sa 'mele ea sele e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebetsana le likokoana-hloko tse ka hare ho sele tse kang livaerase le libaktheria tse ling.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mona ke mehlala e meng ea lipotso tse ka thusang ho utloisisa mosebetsi le mokhoa oa ho sebetsa oa li-lymphocyte tsa T karabelong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikhethileng.
Potso ea 1: Hlalosa karolo ea lisele tsa Helper T karabelong ea sesole sa 'mele se ikhethileng.
Puisano: Lisele tsa Helper T (CD4+) li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hokahanyang likarabelo tsa sesole sa 'mele le tsa humoral. Kamora ho kenngoa tšebetsong ke li-antigen tse hlahisoang ka limolek'hule tsa sehlopha sa II sa Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) liseleng tse hlahisang antigen (APCs), lisele tsa helper T li lokolla li-cytokine tse kenyang tšebetsong lisele tse ling tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, ho kenyeletsoa lisele tsa cytotoxic T, lisele tsa B le macrophages. Ho kenngoa tšebetsong ha sele ea Helper T ho khothalletsa ho ata le ho fapana ha lisele tsa T le B, 'me ho thusa ho theheng mohopolo oa immunological.
Potso ea 2: Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo li lemoha le ho bolaea lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng joang?
Puisano: Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo (CD8+) li lemoha lisele tse tšoaelitsoeng ka limolek'hule tsa sehlopha sa I sa MHC, tse fumanoang hoo e ka bang liseleng tsohle tsa 'mele. Ha sele e tšoaetsoa ke vaerase, liprotheine tsa vaerase lia sebetsoa 'me li hlahisoa holim'a sele ka sehlopha sa I sa MHC. Lisele tsa T tse nang le chefo tse nang le li-receptor tse khethehileng bakeng sa motsoako ona oa antigen-MHC li tla tlama ho sele e reretsoeng 'me li lokolle perforin le granzymes. Perforin e etsa masoba ka har'a lera la sele e reretsoeng, ha granzymes e kena ka sele 'me e baka apoptosis (lefu la sele le hlophisitsoeng).
Potso ea 3: Lisele tsa T tse laolang li phetha karolo efe ho thibeleng ho itšireletsa ha 'mele ho sa sebetseng hantle?
Puisano: Lisele tsa T tse laolang li thusa ho laola karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ho boloka botsitso ba 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung ho thibela litlhaselo liseleng tsa 'mele. Li etsa sena ka ho thibela ts'ebetso le ho ata ha lisele tse ling tsa T ka mor'a hore tšokelo e rarolloe, ka ho lokolloa ha li-cytokine tse thibelang ho ruruha tse kang IL-10 le TGF-beta. Ka ho thibela ts'ebetso ea lisele tse fosahetseng tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung, lisele tsa T tse laolang li bohlokoa ho thibeleng mafu a ho itšireletsa mafung, maemo ao 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung o hlaselang lisele tsa 'mele ka oona.
Potso ea 4: Mosebetsi oa lisele tsa T tsa memori ke ofe hona li fapana joang le lisele tsa T tse sebetsang?
Puisano: Lisele tsa Memory T ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e ikamahanyang le maemo nako e telele. Ka mor'a hore tšoaetso e fele, lisele tse ling tsa T li lula li potoloha e le lisele tsa memory T. Li na le bokhoni ba ho arabela ka potlako le ka katleho haeba li pepesehetse antigen e tšoanang nakong e tlang. Lisele tsa Memory T li fapana le lisele tsa T tse sebetsang ka lebelo le matla a karabelo ea tsona. Lisele tsa Memory T li ka lula nako e telele 'meleng' me tsa fana ka tšireletso ka lilemo tse ngata, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho enteng e atlehileng.
Qetello
Li-lymphocyte tsa T li bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ho sireletseng 'mele khahlanong le litšokelo tsa kantle ka likarabelo tse itseng tsa sesole sa 'mele. Ho utloisisa mosebetsi oa lisele tsa T tse thusang, tse chefo ea cytotoxic, tse laolang le tse hopolang ho fana ka setšoantšo se felletseng sa hore na sesole sa 'mele se sebetsana joang le tšoaetso. Puisano ea mehlala ea lipotso tse kaholimo e lebelletsoe ho atolosa kutloisiso ea rona ea bohlokoa ba ts'ebetso ea sele ea T le mekhoa ea ho boloka bophelo bo botle ba 'mele. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele tsa thuto ea sesole sa 'mele li ka bula monyako oa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo e sebelisang mekhoa ea sele ea T ho phekola mafu a fapaneng.
