Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Li-Chromosome
Li-chromosome ke dibopeho tse nang le DNA tse bohlokwa diseleng tsa dintho tse phelang. Di na le tlhahisoleseding ya lefutso e fetisetswang ho tswa ho batswadi ho ya ho bana mme di fumana dibopeho tse fapaneng tsa lefutso tsa motho eo. Sehloohong sena, re tla buisana ka mohopolo wa motheo wa di-chromosome, mefuta ya tsona, mme re hlahise mehlala e mmalwa ya mathata le ditlhaloso tsa tsona. Sena se ikemiseditse ho fana ka kutlwisiso e tebileng ya sehlooho sena, seo hangata se kopanang le sona dithutong tsa baeloji.
Ho utloisisa li-chromosome
Li-chromosome li fumanoa khubung ea lisele tsa eukaryotic 'me ke sebaka sa mantlha sa polokelo ea lintho tsa lefutso. Mofuta o mong le o mong o na le palo e itseng ea li-chromosome—mohlala, batho ba na le li-chromosome tse 46 ka lipara tse 23. Ho batho, lipara tse 22 tsa pele li bitsoa li-autosome, ha para ea ho qetela, para ea bo-23, e le chromosome ea bong, e khethollang bong ba motho ba tlhaho: XX bakeng sa basali le XY bakeng sa banna.
Li-chromosome li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng le ho hlophiseng DNA 'me li ameha karohanong ea sele, e leng mitosis le meiosis. Ts'ebetsong ena, li-chromosome li netefatsa kabo e nepahetseng ea lintho tsa lefutso ho lisele tsa morali.
Mefuta ea Li-chromosome
1. Li-chromosome tse Iketsang: Tsena ke li-chromosome tse seng tsa bong tse amehang ho khetholleng litšobotsi tse fapaneng tsa 'mele, tse kang' mala oa moriri le sebopeho sa mahlo.
2. Li-chromosome tsa Bong: Li-chromosome tsena li khetholla bong ba motho. Ho batho le linthong tse ling tse ngata tse phelang, tsamaiso ea ho khetholla bong e thehiloe ho li-chromosome tsa X le Y.
3. Prokaryotic Chromosome: Hangata, libaktheria li na le chromosome e le 'ngoe e chitja e fumanehang ka har'a cytoplasm, hobane ha li na nucleus ea sele.
Mehlala ea Lipotso le Puisano ka Li-Chromosome
Mehlala e meng ea lipotso mabapi le li-chromosome le lipuisano tsa tsona ke ena.
Potso ea 1
Potso: Sele ea motho e ntse e feta har'a mitosis. Palo eohle ea li-chromosome liseleng tsa morali tse hlahang ke efe?
Puisano:
Mitosis ke mofuta oa karohano ea sele e hlahisang lisele tse peli tsa morali tse nang le palo e lekanang ea li-chromosome le sele ea motsoali. Ka hona, sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea morali e tla ba le palo e tšoanang ea li-chromosome le sele ea motsoali, e leng li-chromosome tse 46. Ho mitosis, karohano ea lintho tsa lefutso e etsahala ka tsela eo sele e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea morali e fumanang kopi e tšoanang.
Potso ea 2
Potso: Haeba motho a na le tokisetso ea chromosome ea thobalano ea XXY, a ka ba le maemo afe a bophelo bo botle?
Puisano:
Tokisetso ea chromosome ea XXY e amahanngoa le boemo bo tsejoang e le Klinefelter syndrome. Syndrome ena ke lefu la liphatsa tsa lefutso le amang banna. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa nts'etsopele e sa fellang ea lesapo la botona, lisele tsa matsoele tse atolositsoeng, le maemo a tlase a testosterone. Boemo bona hangata ha bo futsitsoe 'me bo hlaha ka lebaka la ho se kopane nakong ea meiosis, e leng ha li-chromosome tsa bong li hlōleha ho arohana hantle nakong ea tlhahiso ea peō kapa lehe.
Potso ea 3
Potso: Sebōpuoa se nang le diploid se na le li-chromosome tse 60 kaofela. Gamete e tsoang ho sebōpuoa sena e na le li-chromosome tse kae?
Puisano:
Diphedi tsa diploid di na le dihlopha tse pedi tsa dichromosome, e le nngwe ho tswa ho motswadi ka mong. Ha diphedi tsena di hlahisa di-gametes ka meiosis, palo ya di-chromosome e a kgaolwa ka halofo. Ka hona, haeba sephedi sa diploid se nang le di-chromosome tse 60 kaofela se bopa di-gametes, gamete ka nngwe e tla ba le halofo ya palo eo, kapa 30. Sena se bohlokwa e le hore ha di-gametes tse pedi di kopana nakong ya ho emola, palo ya di-chromosome e kgutlisetswe palong ya diploid.
Potso ea 4
Potso: Phapang e kholo ke efe pakeng tsa li-chromosome tsa prokaryotic le eukaryotic?
Puisano:
Phapang e kgolo pakeng tsa di-chromosome tsa prokaryotic le eukaryotic e hodima sebopeho le sebaka sa tsona. Di-chromosome tsa prokaryotic hangata di chitja mme di fumaneha ka hara cytoplasm hobane ha di na nucleus. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, di-chromosome tsa eukaryotic di mola mme di fumaneha ka hara nucleus ya sele. Ho feta moo, di-eukaryotic hangata di na le di-chromosome tse fetang e le nngwe, ha di-prokaryotic tse ngata di na le chromosome e le nngwe feela.
Potso ea 5
Potso: Hlalosa kamoo li-chromosome li ka amang litšobotsi tsa 'mele oa motho kateng.
Puisano:
Li-chromosome li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso, e leng likarolo tsa motheo tsa tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Jini ka 'ngoe e sebakeng se itseng ho chromosome 'me e ka susumetsa litšobotsi tsa' mele ka ho hlahisa liprotheine tse itseng. Mohlala, liphatsa tsa lefutso tse fumanehang ho li-chromosome tsa autosomal li ka khetholla litšobotsi tse kang bolelele, 'mala oa letlalo le sebopeho sa moriri. Liphetoho, kapa liphetoho liphatseng tsena tsa lefutso, li ka lebisa liphetohong liphatseng tsena, 'me liphetoho tse ling e ka ba motheo oa ho iphetola ha lintho ha li ipaka li le molemo bakeng sa ho phela ha motho ka mong.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa li-chromosome le hore na li sebetsa joang ke ntho ea bohlokoa baelojing ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Ho tseba palo le mefuta ea li-chromosome tseo 'mele o nang le tsona ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa lefa, bophelo bo botle le ho ikatisa. Ka ho sebetsa mathateng a fapaneng a amanang le li-chromosome, baithuti ba ka tebisa kutloisiso ea bona 'me ba itokisetsa litlhahlobo tse shebaneng le baeloji ea limolek'hule le liphatsa tsa lefutso. Re tšepa hore puisano e sehloohong sena e fana ka temohisiso 'me e thusa ho hlakisa likhopolo tsa bohlokoa tse amanang le li-chromosome.
