Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano ea Cryptometry
Cryptomery ke ketsahalo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso eo ho eona liphatsa tsa lefutso li sa bontsheng liphello tsa tsona ka ho toba empa ho e-na le hoo li hloka boteng ba liphatsa tse ling tsa lefutso ho bonahatsa phenotype ea tsona. Lentsoe lena le qalile ho qaptjoa ke setsebi sa liphatsa tsa lefutso sa Mojeremane Erich von Tschermak, ea ileng a hlokomela hore litšobotsi tse ling tsa limela li hlaha feela ha likamano tse itseng lipakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse itseng li etsahala.
Selelekela ho Cryptometry
Ho utloisisa cryptomeria, nahana ka boemo boo ho bona ho nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse peli tse sebelisanang: gene A le gene B. Gene A e hloka gene B ho hlahisa tšobotsi e itseng, leha gene B e sa susumetse tšobotsi eo ka kotloloho. Sena se tšoana le kamano e teng pakeng tsa lienzyme le li-cofactors ho biochemistry—moo cofactor e hlokahalang hore enzyme e sebetse 'me e sebetse hantle.
Mohlala, a re re re hlahloba 'mala oa palesa. A re re gene A e hlahisa 'mala o mofubelu. Leha ho le joalo, ntle le gene B, 'mala ona o ne o ke ke oa hlahisoa. Ka hona, leha gene A e le teng ho genotype, 'mala o mofubelu o ne o ke ke oa hlaha paleseng ntle le boteng ba gene B, e sebetsang e le "activator".
Lipotso tsa Mohlala oa Cryptometry
Ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho utloisisa cryptomery, ha re buisaneng ka mohlala oa bothata.
-
Potso:
Tekong e neng e kopanya dimela tse thunyang, ho ne ho ena le dijini tse pedi: jini A (e hlahisang mmala) le jini B (mmala o kenyang tshebetsong). Mmala o mofubedu o hlaha feela haeba dijini ka bobedi A le B di le teng ho jini ya semela. Haeba jini e se na dijini tsa A kapa B, kapa e nngwe ya dijini tsena e le teng ka sebopeho se kgutlelang morao (a kapa b), semela se tla ba le dipalesa tse tshweu.
1. Fumana mofuta oa bana o hlahang ka lebaka la ho kopana ha semela se nang le mofuta oa genotype oa AaBb le semela se nang le mofuta oa genotype oa aabb.
2. Hlalosa monyetla oa peresente oa phenotype ka 'ngoe e hlahang sefapanong sena.
Puisano:
Ho rarolla bothata bona, re tlameha ho utloisisa pele hore gene A e hlahisa bofubelu feela ha gene B le eona e le teng. Ka hona, re tla sebelisa mokhoa oa sekwere oa Punnett ho fumana mefuta ea gene ea bana.
Mohato oa 1: Fumana Gametes
– Semela sa 1 (AaBb) se ka hlahisa mefuta e mene ea li-gametes: AB, Ab, aB, ab
– Semela sa 2 (aabb) se ka hlahisa mofuta o le mong oa gamete: ab
Mohato oa 2: Kopanya Tafole ea Punnett
Re theha tafole ea Punnett ho bona liphetho tsa sefapano:
``
| ab |
------
AB | AaBb |
Ab | Aabb |
aB | aaBb |
ab | aabb |
``
Mohato oa 3: Fumana Phenotype
– AaBb: E na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa A le B, kahoo mofuta oa tsona ke lipalesa tse khubelu.
– Aabb: E na le gene A empa ha e na gene B ka sebopeho se busang, kahoo phenotype ke lipalesa tse tšoeu.
– aaBb: Ha e na jini ya A ka sebopeho se seholo, kahoo phenotype ke dipalesa tse tshweu.
– aabb: Ha e na jini ya A kapa B ka sebopeho se seholo, kahoo phenotype ke dipalesa tse tshweu.
Mohato oa 4: Tafole ea Tekanyo ea Phenotype
Ho bana ba bane ba ka bang teng, ke a le mong feela ea tla ba le mofuta oa palesa e khubelu. Ba bang kaofela ba tla ba le mofuta oa palesa e tšoeu.
Kahoo:
– Lipalesa tse khubelu: 1/4 kapa 25%
– Lipalesa tse tšoeu: 3/4 kapa 75%
Puisano le Tlhahlobo
Ho tsoa liphethong tse ka holimo, re ka etsa qeto ea hore leha gene A e hlahisang 'mala o mofubelu e le teng, ntle le gene B ka sebopeho sa eona se busang, 'mala o mofubelu o ke ke oa hlahisoa. Ketsahalo ena e bontša hore cryptomeria e hloka tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa gene tsena ho bontša litšobotsi tse itseng.
Boemo bona bo atisa ho fumanoa taolong ea nts'etsopele ea litšobotsi tse rarahaneng, moo jini e le 'ngoe e ka "patang" liphello tsa eona ho fihlela e sebelisana le jini e 'ngoe. Ketsahalo ena e thusa ho utloisisa hore na phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e sebetsa joang boemong bo tebileng ho feta feela ho busa le ho tetebela.
Bohlokoa ba Lithuto tsa Cryptometric
Ho utloisisa cryptomeria ho fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa mabapi le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa limela le liphoofolo le ho ikatisa. Ka mohlala, temong, ho utloisisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tse amehang tlhahisong ea 'mala ho ka thusa balemi ba limela ho theha mefuta e mecha ka mebala e lakatsehang. Ka bongaka ba 'mele, tsebo ea likamano tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso e ka kenya letsoho lipatlisisong mabapi le mafu a bakoang ke likamano tse rarahaneng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Ho phaella moo, thuto ea cryptomeria e phephetsa likhopolo tsa khale tsa litšobotsi tse busang le tse sa feleng tse rutoang liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motheo ka ho bontša hore liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka ba thata ho feta kamoo ho bonahalang kateng lefang le bonolo la Mendelian.
Qetello
Cryptomery e totobatsa kamoo ho rarahana ha liphatsa tsa lefutso ho sebetsang kateng lefa, ho kenyeletsang likamano tse rarahaneng ho feta tse hlalositsoeng mohlaleng oa motheo oa Mendel. Ka mohlala ona, re ka bona kamoo likamano lipakeng tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka susumetsang li-phenotype, le hore na ke hobane'ng ha ho utloisisa mohopolo ona ho le bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa sejoale-joale.
Ka ho ithuta cryptomeria, re tla kgona ho rala diteko tse betere tsa lefutso, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba diphetho tsa ho ikatisa dimela le diphoofolo, le ho ntshetsa pele mekgwa ya phekolo ya lefutso e sebetsang haholoanyane bophelong bo botle.
