Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano Mabapi le Palo ea Li-Chromosome
Thutong ea baeloji, li-chromosome ke meaho ea bohlokoa e tsamaisang tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Ho utloisisa li-chromosome ho bohlokoa bakeng sa baithuti ba baeloji, kaha li amana le likarolo tse fapaneng tse kang liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho iphetola ha lintho le bophelo bo botle ba batho. Sengoloa sena se tla fana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a akaretsang sehlooho sa palo ea li-chromosome, hammoho le lipuisano ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona.
Ho utloisisa li-chromosome
Li-chromosome ke dibopeho tse fumanwang ka hara nucleus ya sele e jereng dijini. Sele e nngwe le e nngwe e tlwaelehileng ya motho e na le di-chromosome tse 46, tse nang le dipara tse 22 tsa di-autosome le para e le nngwe ya di-chromosome tsa bong (XX bakeng sa basadi le XY bakeng sa banna). Palo e nepahetseng ya di-chromosome e bohlokwa bakeng sa tshebetso e tlwaelehileng ya sele, mme diphetoho palong ya di-chromosome di ka lebisa mathateng a lefutso.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Motheo oa Palo ea Chromosome
Potso: Ho fumanoa li-chromosome tse kae sele e tloaelehileng ea 'mele oa motho?
Puisano:
Sele e tloaelehileng ea 'mele oa motho, kapa sele ea somatic, e na le li-chromosome tse 46. Tsena li na le lipara tse 23 tsa li-chromosome, tseo lipara tse 22 tsa tsona e leng li-autosome 'me para e le' ngoe ke li-chromosome tsa thobalano. Li-autosome ke li-chromosome tse sa khetholleng bong 'me li tšoana pakeng tsa bong. Li-chromosome tsa thobalano, ka lehlakoreng le leng, li khetholla bong ba motho ka mong. Liseleng tsa somatic tsa motho, palo ea li-chromosome ke diploid, ho bolelang hore ho na le lihlopha tse peli tsa li-chromosome tse futsitsoeng ho motsoali ka mong.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Li-chromosome tsa Gamete
Potso: Haeba sele ea 'mele ea motho e na le li-chromosome tse 46, ho na le li-chromosome tse kae ho gamete ea motho?
Puisano:
Li-Gamete, kapa lisele tsa thobalano, li na le halofo feela ea palo ea li-chromosome tse fumanoang liseleng tsa 'mele. Ka hona, li-gamete tsa batho li na le li-chromosome tse 23. Sena se bitsoa nomoro ea haploid (n). Li-gamete tsa banna li bitsoa peō ea botona, ha li-gamete tsa basali li bitsoa mahe. Ha peō e e-ba teng, peō ea botona le lehe ka leng li kenya li-chromosome tse 23, e leng se fellang ka zygote e nang le li-chromosome tse 46.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Ho se lekane ha Palo ea Chromosome
Potso: Hlalosa se etsahalang haeba motho a e-na le palo e sa tloaelehang ea li-chromosome.
Puisano:
Liphetoho palong ea li-chromosome liseleng tsa motho li ka baka boemo bo tsejoang e le aneuploidy. Aneuploidy e ka hlaha ho li-autosome kapa li-chromosome tsa thobalano. Mohlala o tsebahalang haholo oa aneuploidy ke Down syndrome, e bakoang ke boteng ba chromosome e eketsehileng ea 21 (trisomy 21). Batho ba nang le Down syndrome ba na le li-chromosome tse 47. Ho sa le joalo, ho li-chromosome tsa thobalano, maemo a kang Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) kapa Turner syndrome (XO) le 'ona a bakoa ke palo e sa tloaelehang ea li-chromosome. Aneuploidy hangata e bakoa ke ho hloleha ha karohano ea sele nakong ea meiosis.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4: Polyploidy
Potso: Polyploidy ke eng? Hona na polyploidy e atile bathong?
Puisano:
Polyploidy ke boemo boo ho bona ntho e phelang e nang le di-chromosome tse fetang tse pedi. Ka kakaretso, polyploidy e atile haholo dimeleng. Mohlala, mefuta e mengata ya dijalo tsa temo, jwalo ka koro le fragole, ke polyploid. Ho batho le diphoofolo tse ding tse ngata, polyploidy e atisa ho ba kotsi mme e fella ka ho hloleha pele kapa kapele ka mora ho emola.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 5: Tlhahlobo ea Setšoantšo sa Karyotype
Potso: U ka sebelisa karyotype joang ho lemoha lintho tse sa tloaelehang palong ea li-chromosome?
Puisano:
Karyotype ke setšoantšo se bonahalang sa li-chromosome tsohle tse ka har'a sele. Ka tlhahlobo ea karyotype, re ka bala palo ea li-chromosome le ho lemoha boteng ba lintho tse sa tloaelehang tsa chromosome tse kang trisomy kapa monosomy. Mohlala, tabeng ea trisomy 21, tlhahlobo ea karyotype e tla bontša likopi tse tharo tsa chromosome 21, ho fapana le likopi tse peli tse teng ho motho ea tloaelehileng.
Karyotyping e dumella bo-rasaense le lingaka ho etsa tlhahlobo ya pele ya mafu a ka bang teng a lefutso a bakwang ke dipalo tse sa tlwaelehang tsa di-chromosome. Ke sesebediswa sa bohlokwa dipatlisisong tsa lefutso le tlhahlobong ya bongaka.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa palo le mosebetsi oa li-chromosome ho bohlokoa thutong ea baeloji, haholo-holo liphatsa tsa lefutso le bophelo bo botle. Ho se tloaelehe ha palo ea li-chromosome ho ka lebisa maemong a fapaneng a liphatsa tsa lefutso a amang batho ka bomong haholo. Ka mehlala ea mathata le lipuisano tse kaholimo, re ka tebisa kutloisiso ea rona ea mohopolo ona le ts'ebeliso ea oona maemong a pharaletseng. Kutloisiso e tebileng ea li-chromosome e re thusa ho utloisisa haholoanyane ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa batho le kamano ea eona le bophelo bo botle le mafu a liphatsa tsa lefutso. E boetse e re fa kutloisiso e tebileng ea bohlokoa ba baeloji ea sele le phetoho bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.
