Mehlala ea Lipotso tsa Puisano ea Inductance
Ho kenella ha motlakase ke mohopolo oa motheo motlakaseng le electromagnetism. E lekanya bokhoni ba potoloho ba ho hlahisa matla a motlakase (EMF) ho arabela motlakase o fetohang. Sehloohong sena, re tla akaretsa mehlala e 'maloa le lipuisano tse tebileng ho utloisisa hamolemo mohopolo oa ho kenella ha motlakase.
Selelekela sa Inductance
Pele re buisana ka mehlala, a re hlahlobeng hore na inductance ke eng. Inductance e fuoa letšoao \(L\) 'me e lekanngoa ka Henrys (H). Inductance e ka hlaha ka mefuta e 'meli e meholo: ho iketsa le ho iketsa hammoho.
– Ho iketsa: Ho iketsa ke ho iketsa ke ho iketsa ha khoele e iketsang ha ho etsahala phetoho ya motlakase. Sena se fanwa ke equation:
\[ V_L = L \frac{dI}{dt} \]
moo \( V_L \) e leng motlakase o susumetsoang, \( L \) ke inductance, 'me \( \frac{dI}{dt} \) ke sekhahla sa phetoho ea hona joale.
– Ho kenella ha motlakase hammoho: Ho kenella ha motlakase hammoho ho etsahala ha dikhoele tse pedi di susumetsa ho kenella ha motlakase e mong le e mong. Tekanyo ke ena:
\[ V_{L1} = M \frac{dI_2}{dt} \]
dan tao
\[ V_{L2} = M \frac{dI_1}{dt} \]
moo \( M \) e leng ho kenella ha dikhoele tse pedi.
Lipotso tsa Mohlala oa Inductance
Ho utloisisa inductance hamolemo, ha re shebeng mehlala e meng ea mathata.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Boitšoaro bo Ikemetseng
Khoele e na le diphetoho tse 200 mme motlakase o fapana ho tloha ho 0 ho isa ho 5 A ka metsotsoana e 2. Haeba phallo ya makenete e le 5 Weber, bala inductance ya khoele.
Puisano:
Ho kenella ha motlakase \(L\) ho ka balwa ho sebediswa kamano pakeng tsa ho phalla ha makenete (\( \Phi \)), palo ya diphetoho (\(N\)), le hona jwale (\(I\)).
\[ \Phi = L \makgetlo a I \]
Hoa tsebahala,
\( N = 200 \)
\( Ke = 5 \) A
\( \Phi = 5 \) Weber
Kahoo,
\[ L = \frac{\Phi}{I} \]
\[ L = \frac{5}{5} \]
\[ L = 1 \mongolo{ Henry} \]
Koili e na le inductance ea 1 Henry.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Matla a ho Kena ha Motlakase
Solenoid e nang le inductance ea 3 H e fanoa ka motlakase oa 2 A. Bala matla a bolokiloeng ka har'a solenoid.
Puisano:
Matla a bolokiloeng ka har'a inductor a fanoa ke equation:
\[ W = \frac{1}{2} LI^2 \]
Hoa tsebahala,
\( L = 3 \) H
\( Ke = 2 \) A
Kahoo,
\[ W = \frac{1}{2} \makgetlo a 3 \makgetlo a 2^2 \]
\[ W = \frac{1}{2} \makgetlo a 3 \makgetlo a 4 \]
\[ W = \frac{1}{2} \makgetlo a 12 \]
\[ W = 6 \mongolo{ Dijoules} \]
Kahoo, matla a bolokiloeng ka har'a solenoid ke 6 Joules.
Mohlala oa 3: Ho Ikamahanya ha Motsoako o Kopanetsoeng
Likhoele tse peli, A le B, li na le inductance e kopanetsoeng ea 0,5 H. Haeba hona joale ho khoele A ho fetoha ho latela equation \( I_{A}(t) = 3t \), bala matla a motlakase ho khoele B ho \(t = 4 \) s.
Puisano:
Matla a motlakase (EMF) ka har'a koili ea B a ka baloa ka:
\[ V_{L_B} = M \frac{dI_A}{dt} \]
Hoa tsebahala,
\( M = 0,5 \) H
\( Ke_{A}(t) = 3t \)
Sekgahla sa phetoho ya hona jwale \( \frac{dI_A}{dt} \) ke ntho e sa fetoheng, e leng 3 A/s.
Kahoo,
\[ V_{L_B} = 0,5 \makgetlo a 3 \]
\[ V_{L_B} = 1,5 \mongolo{ V} \]
Kahoo, matla a motlakase a khoeleng ea B ho \(t = 4 \) s ke 1,5 Volts.
Mohlala Bothata ba 4: Potoloho ea Letoto la RL
Nahana ka potoloho ea RL ea letoto e nang le resistor e nang le khanyetso ea 5 ohms le inductor e nang le inductance ea 2 H. Haeba motlakase e le 10 V DC 'me switch e koetsoe ho \(t = 0 \), bala hona joale potolohong ho \(t = 1 \) metsotsoana.
Puisano:
Ha switch e koetsoe, hona joale potolohong ea RL ea eketseha ho latela equation:
\[ I(t) = \frac{V}{R} \left( 1 – e^{-\frac{R}{L}t} \right) \]
Hoa tsebahala,
\( V = 10 \) V
\( R = 5 \) ohm
\( L = 2 \) H
Kahoo,
\[ Ke(t) = \frac{10}{5} \left( 1 – e^{-\frac{5}{2} \times t} \right) \]
\[ Ke(t) = 2 \left( 1 – e^{-2.5 \times t} \right) \]
Ka metsotsoana e 1(t = 1),
\[ Ke(1) = 2 \ka ho le letshehadi( 1 – e^{-2.5 \ka makgetlo a 1} \ka ho le letona) \]
\[ Ke(1) = 2 \ka ho le letshehadi( 1 – e^{-2.5} \ka ho le letona) \]
\[ Ke(1) \hoo e ka bang 2 \ka ho le letshehadi( 1 – 0.0821 \ka ho le letona) \]
\[ I(1) \hoo e ka bang 2 \makgetlo a 0.9179 \]
\[ I(1) \hoo e ka bang 1.8358 \mongolo{ A} \]
Motlakase o potolohong ho motsotswana wa \(t = 1 \) ke hoo e ka bang 1.8358 A.
Qetello
Inductance ke mohopolo oa motheo fisiks o hlalosang kamoo motlakase o fetohang o ka hlahisang motlakase ho pholletsa le matla a makenete. Ka mehlala eo re e buileng, re ka bona kamoo inductance e sebelisoang kateng maemong a mangata a sebetsang, ho tloha ho likhoele tse bonolo ho ea ho lipotoloho tse rarahaneng tsa RL. Ho utloisisa inductance ha ho bohlokoa feela bakeng sa baithuti le baenjiniere, empa hape le bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea nang le thahasello ea lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki le electromagnetism. Ka boikoetliso bo lekaneng, kutloisiso ea hau ea inductance le lits'ebetso tsa eona e ka ba tebileng le ho utloahala haholoanyane.
