Sehlooho: Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buang ka Li-Genotype le Kamano ea Tsona le Litšobotsi
Pendahuluan
Genotype ke sebopeho sa lefutso sa ntho e phelang se etsang qeto ka litšobotsi tse itseng tse bonahalang (phenotype). Ho utloisisa genotype ha ho bohlokoa feela bakeng sa ho utloisisa litšobotsi tse itseng tsa motho ka mong empa hape le bakeng sa ho utloisisa kamoo litšobotsi tsena li futsitsoeng kateng ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea genotypes le ho buisana ka kamano ea tsona le litšobotsi tse bonahalang.
Ho Utloisisa Mefuta ea Li-genotype
Genotype e bolela tlhahisoleseding ya lefutso e fumanehang ka hara DNA ya sebopuwa. Hangata e amahanngwa le di-allele, e leng mefuta e fapaneng ya jini e itseng. Dibopuweng tse ikatisang ka thobalano jwalo ka batho, jini ka nngwe hangata e na le di-allele tse pedi, e le nngwe e fuwa ho tswa ho motswadi e mong le e mong. Motswako ona wa di-allele ke seo re se bitsang genotype.
Phapang pakeng tsa mofuta wa genotype le phenotype le yona e bohlokwa. Leha mofuta wa genotype e le khoutu ya lefutso, phenotype ke pontsho ya mmele kapa dibopeho tse bonahalang, tse kang mmala wa mahlo, mmala wa moriri, kapa sebopeho sa lekhasi semeleng.
Lipotso le Puisano tsa Mohlala oa Genotype
Ho thusa ho utloisisa hore na mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o khetholla litšobotsi joang, ha re shebeng mehlala e meng ea mathata.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso: Limeleng tsa pea, mofuta oa RR o hlahisa lipalesa tse khubelu, 'me mofuta oa rr o hlahisa lipalesa tse tšoeu. Haeba limela tse peli tse nang le mofuta oa Rr li tšeloa, fumana monyetla oa peresente oa 'mala oa palesa o hlahang peong.
Puisano:
Tabeng ena, re sebelisa Molao oa Mendel oa Lefa la Litšobotsi ho nolofatsa tharollo.
1. Fumana di-gamete tse hlahiswang ke motho ka mong. Bakeng sa Rr, di-gamete tse hlahiswang ke R le r.
2. Etsa tafole ea Punnett ho fumana mefuta e ka bang teng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ho bana.
``
R r
----
R | RR | Rr |
----
r | Rr | rr |
``
3. Bala mefuta e ka bang teng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso:
– RR: 1/4 kapa 25%
– Rr: 2/4 kapa 50%
– rr: 1/4 kapa 25%
4. Ebe o amahanya mofuta ona wa lefutso le mofuta wa phenotype:
– Lipalesa tse khubelu (RR le Rr): 75% (25% + 50%)
– Lipalesa tse tšoeu (rr): 25%
Liphetho tsa Tebello ea Tšobotsi:
Bana ba na le monyetla oa 75% oa ho ba le lipalesa tse khubelu le monyetla oa 25% oa ho ba le lipalesa tse tšoeu.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso: Boea bo sootho ho litoeba bo khethoa ke hore gene B e laola gene b e hlahisang boea bo botšo. Haeba toeba ea heterozygous (Bb) e kopantsoe le toeba e moriri o motšo (bb), fumana karolelano ea phenotypic ea bana.
Puisano:
1. Fumana li-gametes tse ka hlahisoang:
– Bb: B, b
– bb: b, b
2. Theha tafole ea punnett:
``
bb
----
B | Bb | Bb |
----
b | bb | bb |
``
3. Fumana mefuta e ka bang teng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso:
– Bb: 2/4 kapa 50%
– bb: 2/4 kapa 50%
4. Kopanya mofuta wa genotype le mofuta wa phenotype:
– Boea bo sootho (Bb): 50%
– Moriri o motsho (bb): 50%
Liphetho tsa Tebello ea Tšobotsi:
Bana ba na le monyetla oa 50% oa ho ba le boea bo sootho le monyetla oa 50% oa ho ba le boea bo botšo.
Ho koala
Ka puisano ea bothata ba mohlala bo kaholimo, re ka bona kamoo mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso o susumetsang lefa la litšobotsi ho bana. Kutloisiso e ntle ea mofuta oa liphatsa tsa lefutso le kamano ea eona le litšobotsi e thusa eseng feela thutong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso empa hape le lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang joalo ka temo le ho ikatisa. Tlhahlobo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ha e thuse feela ho fumana li-phenotype tse ka bang teng empa e ka boela ea sebetsa e le motheo oa liteko tse ling tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ho hlahisa litšobotsi tse lakatsehang.
Bokhoni ba ho sekaseka le ho bolela esale pele liphello tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso ke mohato oa bohlokoa oa ho utloisisa mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso le kamoo litšobotsi li futsitsoeng kateng. Sena se re lumella ho etsa liqeto tse betere libakeng tse fapaneng ho tloha tlhokomelong ea bophelo ho ea temong, ho latela tlhahisoleseling ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Thuto e eketsehileng le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a tsoetseng pele a liphatsa tsa lefutso li ka bula tsela bakeng sa boqapi bo tsoelang sechaba molemo ka kakaretso.
