Mehlala ea Lipotso tse Buang ka Maqhubu a Elektromakenete
Maqhubu a motlakase ke maqhubu a bopilweng ke ho sisinyeha ha masimo a motlakase le a makenete a hasanang ka vacuum ka lebelo la lesedi. Maqhubu ana a bohlokwa dikarolong tse fapaneng tsa bophelo, ho tloha puisanong ho isa bophelong bo botle. Ho utlwisisa mohopolo ona hamolemo, re tla buisana ka mathata a mmalwa a mehlala mabapi le maqhubu a motlakase le ditlhaloso tsa ona.
Potso ea 1: Ho Bala Bolelele ba Maqhubu
Leqhubu la motlakase le na le maqhubu a 500 MHz. Fumana bolelele ba leqhubu la lona!
Puisano:
Maqhubu (f) = 500 MHz = 500 x 10^6 Hz
Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) bo ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Lintlha tsa lipalo ke tsena:
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{5 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 0.6 \, \text{meter} \]
Kahoo, bolelele ba leqhubu la motlakase ke limithara tse 0.6.
Potso ea 2: Matla a Photon
Matla a photon e nang le maqhubu a 6 x 10^14 Hz ke afe?
Puisano:
Matla (E) a photon a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo ea Planck:
\[ E = hf \]
Di mana:
– h ke phetoho e sa fetoheng ya Planck = 6.626 x 10^-34 J·s
– f ke maqhubu = 6 x 10^14 Hz
Kahoo,
\[ E = (6.626 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{J·s}) \ka makhetlo (6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Kahoo, matla a photon ke 3.9756 x 10^-19 joules.
Potso ea 3: Lebelo la Maqhubu a Elektromakenete ka Bophara
Haeba lebelo la khanya ka har'a vacuum e le 3 x 10^8 m/s mme index ea refractive ea seaplane e le 1.5, lebelo la khanya ka har'a seaplane seo ke lefe?
Puisano:
Lebelo la khanya ka har'a seaplane (v) le ka baloa ho sebelisoa refractive index (n):
\[ n = \frac{c}{v} \]
Di mana:
– c ke lebelo la khanya ka har'a vacuum = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– n ke index ya refractive = 1.5
Ho bala v:
\[ v = \frac{c}{n} \]
\[ v = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{1.5} \]
\[ v = 2 \makgetlo a 10^8 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
Kahoo, lebelo la khanya setsing sena ke limithara tse 2 x 10^8 ka motsotsoana.
Potso ea 4: Maqhubu a Elektromakenete ho Maqhubu a Radio
Seteishene sa seea-le-moea sa X se hasa ka maqhubu a 100 MHz. Bolelele ba leqhubu la lets'oao ke bofe?
Puisano:
Maqhubu (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
Lebelo la khanya (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) bo ka balwa ho sebediswa foromo:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
Kahoo,
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{1 \times 10^8} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \, \text{meter} \]
Kahoo, bolelele ba leqhubu la lets'oao la seea-le-moea ke limithara tse 3.
Potso ea 5: Matla a Amoheloang ke Antena
Antenna e fumana lets'oao la maqhubu a motlakase le nang le matla a 0.1 W ka maqhubu a 2.4 GHz. Antenna e fumana li-photon tse kae ka motsotsoana?
Puisano:
Matla (P) = 0.1 W = 0.1 J/s
Maqhubu (f) = 2.4 GHz = 2.4 x 10^9 Hz
Matla a photon e le 'ngoe (E) a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ E = hf \]
\[ E = (6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{J·s}) \makgetlo (2.4 \makgetlo a 10^9 \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.59024 \makgetlo a 10^{-24} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Palo ea li-photon ka motsotsoana (N) e ka baloa ka ho arola matla ka matla ka foton ka 'ngoe:
\[ N = \frac{P}{E} \]
\[ N = \frac{0.1 \, \text{J/s}}{1.59024 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ N = 6.29 \makgetlo a 10^{22} \, \mongolo{difotone/difoto} \]
Kahoo, antenna e fumana li-photon tse ka bang 6.29 x 10^22 ka motsotsoana.
Qetello
Puisano ea maqhubu a motlakase e fapane haholo 'me e akaretsa likarolo tse ngata, ho tloha ho baleng bolelele ba leqhubu, matla a photon, ho isa lebelo la maqhubu ka har'a seaplane. Mathata a mohlala le litlhaloso tsa ona tse kaholimo li lebelletsoe ho u thusa ho utloisisa mohopolo oa maqhubu a motlakase ka botebo le ts'ebeliso e kholo. Re tšepa hore sengoloa sena se na le thuso 'me se atolosa kutloisiso ea babali ka maqhubu a motlakase.
