Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buisanang ka Matla a Magnetic Tereng e Jarang Hona Joale
Matla a makenete ke ketsahalo ea 'mele e kenyeletsang tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa matla a makenete le motlakase. Ketsahalo ena e hlalosoa ke molao oa Ampère, o bolelang hore motlakase o phallang ka har'a terata o ka hlahisa matla a makenete. Sehlooho sena se tla hlalosa mehlala le ho buisana ka matla a makenete ka har'a terata e tsamaisang motlakase, e leng se ka u thusang ho utloisisa mohopolo ona ka botebo.
Pendahuluan
Ketsahalo ea makenete e 'nile ea tsejoa ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, empa tlhaloso ea saense ea tšebelisano-'moho pakeng tsa maqhubu a motlakase le masimo a makenete ha ea ka ea fumanoa ho fihlela lekholong la bo19 la lilemo. Hans Christian Ørsted e bile oa pele ho sibolla hore maqhubu a motlakase a ka hlahisa masimo a makenete. Hamorao, André-Marie Ampère o ile a ntšetsa pele tšibollo ena ka ho theha seo hona joale se tsejoang e le Molao oa Ampère.
Mehopolo ea Motheo
1. Molao oa Biot-Savart
Matla a makenete a hlahisoang ke karolo e nyane ea motlakase a ka baloa ho sebelisoa molao oa Biot-Savart:
\[
dB = \frac{\mu_0}{4\pi} \cdot \frac{I \cdot (d\mathbf{l} \times \mathbf{r})}{r^3}
\]
Moo:
– \(dB\) = karolo ea matla a makenete
– \(\mu_0\) = ho kenella ha vacuum \((4\pi \times 10^{-7} \text{Tm/A})\)
– \(I\) = Motlakase (A)
– \(d\mathbf{l}\) = terata bolelele element (m)
– \(\mathbf{r}\) = vekthara ya boemo bo amanang pakeng tsa karolo ya hajwale le ntlha ya ho shebella (m)
2. Matla a Lorentz
Terata e jereng motlakase \(I\) mme e kentswe tshimong ya makenete \(B\) e tla ba le matla \(F\) a fanwang ke:
\[
\mathbf{F} = I \cdot (\mathbf{L} \times \mathbf{B})
\]
Moo:
– \(\mathbf{F}\) = Matla a makenete (N)
– \(I\) = Motlakase (A)
– \(\mathbf{L}\) = Bolelele ba terata tšimong ea makenete (m)
– \(\mathbf{B}\) = Tšimo ea makenete (T)
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Potso ea 1:
Terata e otlolohileng e bolelele ba limithara tse 0.5 e beoa tšimong e tšoanang ea makenete ea 0.2 Tesla. Haeba terata e na le motlakase oa 3 A 'me tataiso ea motlakase e otlolohile ho ea ho matla a makenete, bala boholo ba matla a Lorentz a sebetsang holim'a terata.
Tharollo:
Re sebelisa equation ea matla a Lorentz, re na le:
\[
\mathbf{F} = I \cdot (\mathbf{L} \times \mathbf{B})
\]
Re ka hlalosa tataiso ea hona joale ea \(I\) e bapileng le \(\mathbf{L}\) le matla a makenete a \(B\) a otlolohileng ho ea ho \(\mathbf{L}\).
\[
|\mathbf{F}| = I \cdot L \cdot B \cdot \sin\theta
\]
Kaha matla a hona joale le a makenete a tsepame (\(\theta = 90^\circ\)), joale \(\sin 90^\circ = 1\), kahoo:
\[
|\mathbf{F}| = 3 \, \text{A} \cdot 0.5 \, \text{m} \cdot 0.2 \, \text{T} \cdot 1 = 0.3 \, \text{N}
\]
Potso ea 2:
Terata e chitja e nang le radius ea limithara tse 0.1 e jara motlakase oa 2 A. Fumana matla a makenete bohareng ba selikalikoe.
Tharollo:
Ho sebelisa foromo ea matla a makenete bohareng ba selika-likoe se chitja:
\[
B = \frac{\mu_0 I}{2R}
\]
ka:
– \(\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{Tm/A}\)
– \(I = 2 \, \mongolo{A}\)
– \(R = 0.1 \, \mongolo{m}\)
Kahoo:
\[
B = \frac{(4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{Tm/A} \times 2 \, \text{A})}{2 \times 0.1 \, \text{m}}
= \frac{4\pi \times 10^{-7} \times 2}{0.2} \, \text{T}
= 4\pi \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \, \mongolo{T}
\hoo e ka bang 1.26 \makgetlo a 10^{-5} \, \mongolo{T}
\]
Potso ea 3:
Lithapo tse peli tse otlolohileng tse bapileng tsa bolelele ba \(L\) li beoa hole \(d\) ho tloha ho e 'ngoe ho ea ho e 'ngoe. Haeba terata ka 'ngoe e na le motlakase \(I\) ka lehlakoreng le fapaneng, fumana hore na matla ka yuniti bolelele bo sebetsa pakeng tsa lithapo tse peli.
Tharollo:
Matla ka bolelele ba yuniti pakeng tsa lithapo tse peli tse tsamaisang motlakase tse bapileng:
\[
f = \frac{\mu_0 I_1 I_2}{2\pi d}
\]
Hobane maqhubu a lekana ebile a fapane ka lehlakoreng le leng:
\[
f = \frac{\mu_0 I^2}{2\pi d}
\]
Ka mohlala:
– \(\mu_0 = 4\pi \times 10^{-7} \, \text{Tm/A}\)
– (Ke_1 = Ke_2 = Ke\)
– \(d\) ke sebaka se pakeng tsa lithapo.
Ha re kenya boleng ka foromong, re fumana:
\[
f = \frac{(4\pi \times 10^{-7}) \, I^2}{2\pi d}
= \frac{2 \times 10^{-7} I^2}{d} \, \text{N/m}
\]
Qetello
Ho utloisisa tšebelisano lipakeng tsa matla a makenete le maqhubu a motlakase ke motheo oa theknoloji e mengata ea sejoale-joale, ho tloha ho lienjene tsa motlakase ho ea ho lijenereithara. Ka ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa matla a Lorentz, molao oa Biot-Savart, le tšebeliso ea liforomo tsa matla a makenete, re ka sebelisa tsebo ena mathateng le maemong a fapaneng a letsatsi le letsatsi. Sengoloa sena se reretsoe ho fana ka motheo o tiileng oa ho utloisisa le ho rarolla mathata a amanang le matla a makenete lithapong tse tsamaisang motlakase.
