Mehlala ea Lipotso Tse Buisanang ka Matla a Maqhubu a Elektromakenete
Matla a maqhubu a motlakase a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji le saense. Ho tloha puisanong ea seea-le-moea ho ea ho li-X-ray tsa bongaka, kutloisiso ea maqhubu a motlakase le matla a 'ona ea bohlokoa. Sengoloa sena se tla akaretsa likhopolo tsa mantlha le ho fana ka mathata a sampole mabapi le matla a maqhubu a motlakase, a akaretsang likarolo tsa khopolo-taba le tse sebetsang.
Selelekela ho Maqhubu a Elektromagnetic
Maqhubu a motlakase ke maqhubu a entsoeng ka masimo a motlakase le a makenete a sisinyehang, a tsamaeang sebakeng ka lebelo la khanya. A hlahisoa ke ho fetola masimo a motlakase le a makenete 'me a ka ata ka vacuum kapa ka mecha ea litaba ea thepa. Sekhahla sa motlakase se akaretsa maqhubu a mangata a fapaneng, ho tloha maqhubung a seea-le-moea a nang le maqhubu a malelele ho ea ho mahlaseli a gamma a nang le maqhubu a makhutšoane haholo.
Ka kakaretso, matla a maqhubu a motlakase a ka hlalosoa ka mokhoa oa equation:
\[ E = h \cdot f \]
Moo \( E \) e leng matla a photon, \( h \) ke kamehla ea Planck (\(6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \)), 'me \( f \) ke maqhubu a maqhubu. Ha re tseba maqhubu kapa bolelele ba leqhubu (\( \lambda \)), re ka bala matla a leqhubu la motlakase re sebelisa lebelo la leseli (\( c = 3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s} \)), moo \( c = \lambda \cdot f \).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1
Potso:
Leqhubu la motlakase le na le maqhubu a \( 5 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \text{Hz} \). Bala matla a photon e le 'ngoe ea leqhubu lena la motlakase.
Puisano:
Sebelisa equation \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js} \]
\[ f = 5 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Kahoo,
\[ E = (6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js}) \cdot (5 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.313 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Matla a photon e le 'ngoe ea leqhubu la motlakase ke \( 3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2
Potso:
Haeba mahlaseli a na le bolelele ba leqhubu \( \lambda \) ba \( 600 \, \text{nm} \), bala matla a lona ka photon ka di-electron volts (eV). (E fanoe ka: 1 eV = \( 1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J} \)).
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, fetola bolelele ba leqhubu bo fanoeng hore e be limithara:
\[ \lambda = 600 \, \text{nm} = 600 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m} \]
Sebelisa kamano \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) ho fumana maqhubu:
\[ c = 3 \makgetlo a 10^8 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{600 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 5 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Jwale, bala matla a photon o sebedisa \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js}) \cdot (5 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.313 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Jwale, fetola matla ho di-electron volts:
\[ E = \frac{3.313 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}}{1.602 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J/eV}} \]
\[ E \hoo e ka bang 2.07 \, \text{eV} \]
Kahoo, matla ka photon ea mahlaseli a nang le bolelele ba leqhubu \(600 \, \text{nm} \) ke hoo e ka bang 2.07 eV.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3
Potso:
Maqhubu a microwave a na le bolelele ba leqhubu ba \( 12 \, \text{cm} \). Fumana matla a photon e le 'ngoe ea microwave ena.
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, fetola bolelele ba leqhubu bo fanoeng hore e be limithara:
\[ \lambda = 12 \, \text{cm} = 12 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{m} \]
Sebelisa kamano \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) ho fumana maqhubu:
\[ c = 3 \makgetlo a 10^8 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{12 \times 10^{-2} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 2.5 \makgetlo a 10^9 \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Jwale, bala matla a photon o sebedisa \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js}) \cdot (2.5 \makgetlo a 10^9 \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 1.6565 \makgetlo a 10^{-24} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Matla a photon e le 'ngoe ea li-microwave tse nang le bolelele ba wavelength \( 12 \, \text{cm} \) ke \( 1.6565 \times 10^{-24} \, \text{J} \).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4
Potso:
Bala palo ea li-photon tse hlahisoang ke laser e nang le matla \( 1 \, \text{W} \) e ntšang leseli ka bolelele ba wavelength \( 500 \, \text{nm} \) bakeng sa \( 1 \, \text{s} \).
Puisano:
Taba ea pele, bala matla a photon e le 'ngoe e nang le bolelele ba wavelength \( 500 \, \text{nm} \):
\[ \lambda = 500 \, \text{nm} = 500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m} \]
Sebelisa kamano \( c = \lambda \cdot f \) ho fumana maqhubu:
\[ c = 3 \makgetlo a 10^8 \, \mongolo{m/s} \]
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{500 \times 10^{-9} \, \text{m}} \]
\[ f = 6 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz} \]
Ho sebedisa \( E = h \cdot f \):
\[ h = 6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js} \]
\[ E = (6.626 \makgetlo a 10^{-34} \, \mongolo{Js}) \cdot (6 \makgetlo a 10^{14} \, \mongolo{Hz}) \]
\[ E = 3.9756 \makgetlo a 10^{-19} \, \mongolo{J} \]
Jwale, bala palo ya difotone tse ntshitsweng nakong ya \( 1 \, \text{s} \):
Matla \( P = 1 \, \mongolo{W} \):
\[ E_{\text{total}} = P \cdot t = 1 \, \text{W} \times 1 \, \text{s} = 1 \, \text{J} \]
Palo ea li-photon:
\[ n = \frac{E_{\text{total}}}{E_{\text{photons}}} = \frac{1 \, \text{J}}{3.9756 \times 10^{-19} \, \text{J}} \]
\[ n \hoo e ka bang 2.52 \makgetlo a 10^{18} \]
Kahoo, laser e ntša li-photon tse ka bang \( 2.52 \times 10^{18} \) ka motsotsoana o le mong.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa matla a maqhubu a motlakase ke senotlolo sa lits'ebetso tse ngata mafapheng a fapaneng a boenjiniere le saense. Ka mehlala e tšohliloeng, re bone mehato e amehang ho baleng matla a photon ho latela maqhubu le bolelele ba maqhubu, ho fetola lipakeng tsa li-unit tsa matla, le ho bala matla a mahlaseli. Ka ho ikoetlisa le kutloisiso e tebileng, likhopolo tsena li tla ba bonolo haholoanyane le ho ba le thuso lits'ebetsong tsa lefats'e la nnete.
