Lipotso tse Fetolanang tsa Puisano ea Hona Joale
Pendahuluan
Motlakase o fetolang motlakase (AC) ke mofuta oa motlakase o fetolang tsela nako le nako. Ho fapana le motlakase o tobileng (DC), o phallang ka lehlakoreng le leng, motlakase o fapanyetsanang o phalla ka lebelo le litsela tse fapaneng. AC e sebelisoa haholo kabong ea motlakase ka lebaka la melemo ea eona phetisong ea sebaka se selelele le bokhoni ba ho fetola motlakase oa eona habonolo ho sebelisoa li-transformer. Sengoloa sena se tla fana ka mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata le lipuisano tse amanang le motlakase o fetolang motlakase ho tebisa kutloisiso ea hau ea sehlooho sena.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Makhetlo le Nako ea Phetoho ea Hona joale
Potso:
Motlakase o fapanyetsanang o na le maqhubu a 50 Hz. Bala nako ea motlakase.
Puisano:
Maqhubu (f) le nako (T) ea hona joale e fetohang li na le kamano e latelang:
\[ T = \frac{1}{f} \]
Ka maqhubu (f) a 50 Hz:
\[ T = \frac{1}{50} \]
\[ T = 0,02 \mongolo{ metsotswana} \]
Kahoo, nako ea hona joale e fetohang ke metsotsoana e 0,02.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Khatello e Phahameng ea Maikutlo le Khatello e Sebetsang
Potso:
Motlakase o fapanyetsanang o na le motlakase o phahameng ka ho fetisisa (Vmax) oa 311 V. Bala motlakase o sebetsang (Veff) oa motlakase ona.
Puisano:
Voltage e sebetsang hantle (Veff) ea motlakase o fetohang ke sekwere se mahareng sa voltage ea eona e phahameng ka ho fetisisa 'me e ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{V_{\text{max}}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
Haeba Vmax e tsejoa e le 311 V, joale:
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \mongolo{V}}{\sqrt{2}} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} = \frac{311 \mongolo{V} {1,414} \]
\[ V_{\text{eff}} \hoo e ka bang 220 \text{ V} \]
Kahoo, motlakase o sebetsang oa hona joale o fetohang ke 220 V.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Matla a Motlakase Potolohong e Hanelang
Potso:
Potolohong e hanyetsang feela, phallo ea motlakase e sebetsang (Ieff) ke 5 A 'me motlakase o sebetsang (Veff) ke 220 V. Bala matla a motlakase a monngoang ke potoloho.
Puisano:
Matla a motlakase (P) a monngoang ke potoloho e hanyetsang feela a ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ P = V_{\text{eff}} \times I_{\text{eff}} \]
Ka Veff ea 220 V le Ieff ea 5 A, joale:
\[ P = 220 \mongolo{ V} \makgetlo a 5 \mongolo{ A} \]
\[ P = 1100 \mongolo{ W} \]
Kahoo, matla a motlakase a monngoang ke potoloho ke 1100 watts.
Mohlala Bothata ba 4: Phetoho Potolohong ea Letoto la LR
Potso:
Potoloho e na le resistor (R) ea 10 ohms le inductor (L) e nang le inductance ea 0,1 H e hokahaneng ka letoto. Haeba hona joale e fetohang e nang le maqhubu a 50 Hz e phalla ka har'a potoloho, bala kakaretso ea impedance ea potoloho.
Puisano:
Kakaretso ea impedance (Z) potolohong ea LR ea letoto e ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
Di mana:
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
le \(\omega\) ke maqhubu a angular a fanoeng ke:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Ka f ea 50 Hz:
\[ \omega = 2\pi \makgetlo a 50 \]
\[ \omega = 100\pi \mongolo{ radians/second} \]
Ho kenella ha motlakase (L) ha 0,1 H:
\[ X_L = 100\pi \makgetlo a 0,1 \]
\[ X_L = 10\pi \mongolo{ ohm} \]
Kahoo, impedance e felletseng (Z) ke:
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + (X_L)^2} \]
\[ Z = \ sqrt{10^2 + (10\pi)^2} \]
\[ Z = \ sqrt{100 + (100\pi^2)} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{100 + 986.96} \]
\[ Z \hoo e ka bang \sqrt{1086.96} \]
\[ Z \hoo e ka bang 32.97 \mongolo{ ohm} \]
Kahoo, impedance eohle ea potoloho ke hoo e ka bang 32,97 ohms.
Mohlala Bothata ba 5: Matla a Matla ho Dipotoloho tsa RLC tsa Letoto
Potso:
Ha o fuoa potoloho ea RLC e nang le litekanyetso tsa R = 20 ohms, L = 50 mH, le C = 100 μF e hokahaneng le mohloli oa motlakase oa AC o nang le maqhubu a 60 Hz. Bala ntlha ea matla potolohong.
Puisano:
Ntlha ea matla potolohong ea RLC e khethoa ke
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
Mohato oa pele ke ho bala kakaretso ea impedance (Z) ea potoloho:
\[ \omega = 2\pi f \]
Ke mana
\[ f = 60 \mongolo{ Hz} \]
\[ \omega = 2\pi \makgetlo a 60 \]
\[ \omega = 120\pi \mongolo{ rad/s} \]
Ebe o bala karabelo ea inductive (XL) le capacitive (XC):
\[ X_L = \omega L \]
\[ X_L = 120\pi \makgetlo a 0,05 \]
\[ X_L = 6\pi \mongolo{ ohm} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{\omega C} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{120\pi \times 100 \times 10^{-6}} \]
\[ X_C = \frac{1}{0,012\pi} \]
\[ X_C \hoo e ka bang 26,525 \mongolo{ ohm} \]
Phapang pakeng tsa karabelo ea inductive le capacitive \(X_L – X_C\):
\[ X = X_L – X_C \]
\[ X = 6\pi – 26,525 \]
\[ X \hoo e ka bang -7,903 \mongolo{ ohm} \]
Ebe o bala kakaretso ea impedance (Z):
\[ Z = \sqrt{R^2 + X^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{20^2 + (-7,903)^2} \]
\[ Z = \sqrt{400 + 62,41} \]
\[ Z \hoo e ka bang \sqrt{462,41} \]
\[ Z \hoo e ka bang 21,51 \mongolo{ ohm} \]
Ebe ntlha ea matla (cos(φ)):
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{R}{Z} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) = \frac{20}{21,51} \]
\[ \cos(\phi) \hoo e ka bang 0,93 \]
Kahoo, ntlha ea matla potolohong ke hoo e ka bang 0,93.
Qetello
Motlakase o alternating o na le litšobotsi tse itseng tse o khethollang ho motlakase o tobileng, joalo ka maqhubu, nako, le boleng bo sebetsang. Tlhahlobong ea potoloho ea AC, re nahana ka likarolo tse hanyetsang, tse hlahisang, le tse nang le bokhoni. Ho feta moo, ho bala impedance le matla a motlakase ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rala le ho sekaseka ts'ebetso ea potoloho. Ka ho utloisisa mehlala e kaholimo, re ka utloisisa habonolo likhopolo tsa motheo tsa motlakase o alternating le ts'ebeliso ea ona boenjiniere ba motlakase.
