Motlakase o sa fetoheng ke taba ea bohlokoa fisiks ea sehlopha sa bo-12. E sebetsana le liketsahalo tse amanang le litefiso tsa motlakase ha li phomotse kapa li tsamaea. Ho utloisisa likhopolo tsa motheo, molao oa Coulomb, le masimo a motlakase ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho rarolla mathata a fapaneng a amanang le motlakase o sa fetoheng. Sehloohong sena, re tla tšohla mehlala e 'maloa ea mathata a motlakase o sa fetoheng a hlahang khafetsa litlhahlobong tsa sehlopha sa bo-12, hammoho le litharollo tsa ona.
Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Motlakase o sa Fetoheng
Motlakase o sa fetoheng o bakoa ke ho se leka-lekane ha litefiso tsa motlakase holim'a ntho. Tefiso ena e ka fetisetsoa ho tloha nthong e 'ngoe ho ea ho e 'ngoe ka mekhoa e kang khohlano, ho tsamaisa le ho kenya.
– Molao oa Coulomb: Molao ona o hlalosa matla a ho hohela kapa ho leleka pakeng tsa litefiso tsa motlakase tse peli tse nang le lintlha. Foromo ea molao oa Coulomb ke:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Di mana:
– \( F \) ke matla a pakeng tsa liqoso (Newton).
– \( k \) ke phetolelo ya kamehla ya Coulomb (\( 8.99 \times 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \)).
– \( q_1 \) le \( q_2 \) ke boholo ba litefiso (Coulombs).
– \(r \) ke sebaka se pakeng tsa litefiso tse peli (limithara).
– Tšimo ea Motlakase: Tšimo ea motlakase ke sebaka se potolohileng tjhaja ea motlakase moo matla a motlakase a ka utluoang ke litjhaja tse ling. Tšimo ea motlakase \( E \) e hole \( r \) ho tloha tjhaja \( Q \) ke:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mohlala oa Potso ea 1: Matla a Coulomb
Potso:
Litefiso tse peli tsa motlakase tsa \( 2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) le \( -3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) li fumaneha bohōle ba limithara tse 0,1. Bala matla a Coulomb pakeng tsa litefiso tse peli.
Tharollo:
Sebelisa foromo ea molao ea Coulomb:
\[
F = k \frac{{|q_1 q_2|}}{{r^2}}
\]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[
F = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{{(2 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(3 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}}{{(0,1 \, \text{m})^2}}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \ka makhetlo \frac{6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-12}}{0,01}
\]
\[
F = 8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9 \makgetlo a 6 \makgetlo a 10^{-10}
\]
\[
F = 53,94 \makgetlo a 10^{-1} \, \mongolo{N}
\]
\[
F = 5,394 \, \mongolo{N}
\]
Kahoo, matla a Coulomb pakeng tsa liqoso tse peli ke 5,394 N.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Tšimo ea Motlakase ka Tefiso ea Ntlha
Potso:
Bala sebaka sa motlakase sebakeng sa limithara tse 0,05 ho tloha tefisong ea \( 4 \makgetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \).
Tharollo:
Sebelisa foromo ea tšimo ea motlakase:
\[
E = k \frac{Q}{r^2}
\]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[
E = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \, \mongolo{N m}^2/\mongolo{C}^2 \ka makhetlo \frac{4 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \mongolo{C}}{(0,05 \, \mongolo{m})^2}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \ka makhetlo \frac{4 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6}}{0,0025}
\]
\[
E = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \ka makhetlo a 1,6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-3}
\]
\[
E = 14,384 \makgetlo a 10^6 \, \mongolo{N/C}
\]
\[
E = 1,4384 \makgetlo a 10^7 \, \mongolo{N/C}
\]
Kahoo, tšimo ea motlakase e bohōle ba limithara tse 0,05 ho tloha tjhajeng ke \( 1,4384 \times 10^7 \, \text{N/C} \).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 3: Bokhoni ba Motlakase
Potso:
Tefiso ea \( 5 \makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) e beoa sebakeng se itseng. Bala matla a motlakase sebakeng sa limithara tse 0,2 ho tloha tefisong.
Tharollo:
Sebelisa foromo ea matla a motlakase:
\[
V = k \frac{Q}{r}
\]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[
V = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \, \mongolo{N m}^2/\mongolo{C}^2 \ka makhetlo \frac{5 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \mongolo{C}}{0,2 \, \mongolo{m}}
\]
\[
V = 8.99 \makgetlo a 10^9 \makgetlo a 25 \makgetlo a 10^{-6}
\]
\[
V = 224,75 \makgetlo a 10^3 \, \mongolo{V}
\]
\[
V = 2,2475 \makgetlo a 10^5 \, \mongolo{V}
\]
Kahoo, matla a motlakase a bohōle ba limithara tse 0,2 ho tloha tjhajeng ke \( 2,2475 \times 10^5 \, \text{V} \).
Mohlala oa Potso ea 4: Matla a ka Bang Teng a Motlakase
Potso:
Litefiso tse peli tsa \( 3 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) le \( -2 \times 10^{-6} \, \text{C} \) li hole ka limithara tse 0,1. Bala matla a motlakase a sistimi.
Tharollo:
Sebelisa foromo ea matla a motlakase:
\[
U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r}
\]
Kenya mekhoa e tsebahalang sebakeng sa eona:
\[
U = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \, \text{N m}^2/\text{C}^2 \times \frac{(3 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C})(-2 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-6} \, \text{C})}{0,1 \, \text{m}}
\]
\[
U = 8.99 \ka makhetlo a 10^9 \ka makhetlo \frac{-6 \ka makhetlo a 10^{-12}}{0,1}
\]
\[
U = -5,394 \makgetlo a 10^{-1} \, \mongolo{J}
\]
\[
U = -0,5394 \, \mongolo{J}
\]
Kahoo, matla a motlakase a sistimi ke -0,5394 J.
Qetello
Ho utloisisa motlakase o sa fetoheng le ts'ebeliso ea likhopolo tsa motheo tse kang molao oa Coulomb, masimo a motlakase, bokhoni ba motlakase, le matla a motlakase ke habohlokoa fisiks ea sehlopha sa bo12. Ka ho ithuta mehlala ea mathata a kaholimo, baithuti ba lebelletsoe ho utloisisa hamolemo likhopolo tsena le ho khona ho li sebelisa maemong a fapaneng. Mathata ana a boetse a thusa baithuti ho itokisetsa litlhahlobo tse rarahaneng le liphephetso nakong e tlang.
Ho itloaetsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mathata a motlakase o sa fetoheng ho tla matlafatsa kutloisiso ea hau ea khopolo-taba le ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea hau ea ho rarolla mathata a fisiks. Kamehla etsa bonnete ba hore u utloisisa metheo ea khopolo-taba pele u sebetsa mathateng, kaha kutloisiso e tiileng e tla u thusa ho a rarolla ka katleho le ka nepo.
