Mehlala e 18 ea Lipotso tsa Molao o Loketseng oa Khase
1. Khase e loketseng sebakeng qalong e na le bophahamo ba V le mocheso T. Haeba khase e futhumatsoa hoo mocheso o fetohang ho 5/4 T mme kgatello e fetoha ho 2P, bophahamo ba khase bo fetoha ho ...
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 5/4 T
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Khatello ea ho qetela (P)2) = 2P
E botsitsoe : Molumo oa ho qetela (V)2)
Jawab :
Bophahamo ba khase bo fetoha makhetlo a 5/8 ho feta bophahamo ba pele.
2. Bophahamo ba dimolekhule tse 2 tsa kgase mochesong o tlwaelehileng le kgatellong (STP) ke…
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Palo ea li-moles tsa khase (n) = li-moles tse 2
Mocheso o tloaelehileng (T) = 0 oC = 0 + 273 = 273 Kelvin
Khatello e tloaelehileng (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 105 Pascal
Khase e sa fetoheng ea bokahohle (R) = 8,315 Joules/mol.Kelvin
E botsitsoe Bophahamo ba khase (V)
Jawab :
Molao o Loketseng oa Khase (ka palo ea li-moles, n)
Bophahamo ba limolek'hule tse 2 tsa khase ke lilithara tse 44,8.
Bophahamo ba mole e le 'ngoe ea khase ke lilithara tse 45,4 / 2 = lilithara tse 22,4.
Kahoo bophahamo ba mole e le 'ngoe ea khase, ebang ke oksijene kapa helium kapa argon kapa khase efe kapa efe, ke lilithara tse 22,4.
3. Lilithara tse 4 tsa khase ea oksijene mochesong oa 27°C khatellong ea 2 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa) e ka setshelong. Haeba khase e sa fetoheng R = 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1 le nomoro ea Avogadro NA 6,02: x 1023 limolek'hule, joale palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea oksijene ka har'a setshelo ke...
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Bophahamo ba khase (V) = lilithara tse 4 = 4 dm3 = 4x10-3 m3
Mocheso oa khase (T) = 27oC = 27 + 273 = 300 Kelvin
Khatello ea khase (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 105 Pascal
Khase e sa fetoheng ea bokahohle (R) = 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1
Nomoro ea Avogadro (N)A) = 6,02 x 1023
E botsitsoe : Palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea oksijene ka har'a setshelo (N)
Jawab :
Boltzmann's kamehla :
Molao o Loketseng oa Khase (ka palo ea limolek'hule, N)
Ka mole e le 'ngoe ea khase ea oksijene, ho na le 1,93 x 1023 limolek'hule tsa oksijene.
4. Sejana se nang le khase ea neon (Ne, boima ba athomo = 20 u) mochesong o tloaelehileng le khatellong (STP) se na le bophahamo ba 2 m3Fumana boima ba khase ea neon!
Hoa tsebahala :
Boima ba athomo ea neon = 20 grams/mol = 0,02 kg/mol
Mocheso o tloaelehileng (T) = 0oC = 273 Kelvin
Khatello e tloaelehileng (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 105 Pascal
Bophahamo (V) = 2 m3
E botsitsoe boima (m) ba khase ea neon
Jawab :
Mochesong le khatellong e tloaelehileng (STP), mole e le 'ngoe ea khase efe kapa efe, ho kenyeletsoa le khase ea neon, e na le bophahamo ba lilithara tse 22,4 = 22,4 dm3 = 0,0448 limithara3Kahoo, ka bophahamo ba limithara tse 23 Ho na le li-moles tse kae tsa khase ea neon?
Ka bophahamo ba 2 m3 ho na le limole tse 44,6 tsa khase ea neon.
Boima ba athomo ba khase ea neon ke ligrama tse 20/mol. Sena se bolela hore mole e le 'ngoe e na le ligrama tse 20 kapa 0,02 kg ea khase ea neon. Kaha mole e le 'ngoe e na le 0,02 kg ea khase ea neon, limole tse 44,6 li na le (limole tse 44,6)(0,02 kg/mol) = 0,892 kg = ligrama tse 892 tsa khase ea neon.
5. Lipotso tsa Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea SMA/MA ea 2017 Nomoro ea 22
Khase e loketseng e beoa ka setshelong se koetsoeng, 'me bophahamo ba eona bo fokotsoa ka halofo mochesong o sa fetoheng. Khatello ea khase joale ke…
A. ea pele ka makhetlo a 4
B. makhetlo a 2 hape
C. Lekhetlo le le leng hape
D. 1/2 makhetlo a pele
E. 1/4 ea ea pele
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Molumo oa pele = V
Molumo oa ho qetela = 1/2 V
Khatello ea pele = P
Mocheso o sa fetoheng
O botsitse: Khatello ea ho qetela
Karabo:
P1 V1 /T1 = P.2 V2 /T2 —–> Mocheso o sa fetoheng (T)
P1 V1 = P.2 V2
P V = P.2 (Karolo e le 'ngoe le halofo)
P = P.2 (1 / 2)
2P = P.2
Khatello ea khase e imena habeli.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
6. Potso ea Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Fisiks ea SMA/MA ea 2015/2016 Nomoro ea 21
Ela hloko polelo e ka tlase!
(1) Karolwana e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e lula e tsamaea ka tsela e itseng
(2) Likaroloana tsa khase li hasane ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le phaposi.
(3) Boholo ba likaroloana tsa khase bo ka hlokomolohuoa ha bo bapisoa le boholo ba setshelo.
(4) Ho thulana ho hong le ho hong ha likaroloana tsa khase ho etsahala ho tenyetseha ka ho phethahetseng.
(5) Matla a hohelang pakeng tsa dikarolwana a a elwa hloko.
Polelo e tsamaellanang le thepa ea likhase tse ntle ke…
A. (1) le (3) feela
B. (2) le (4) feela
C. (1), (2) le (3) feela
D. (2), (3) le (4)
E. (3), (4) le (5)
Puisano
Lipolelo tse nepahetseng ke 1, 2, 3, 4.
7. Potso ea Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Fisiks ea SMA/MA ea 2015/2016 Nomoro ea 21
Ka tlase ke lintho tse amanang le khase:
(1) Dikaroloana tsa dintho di tsamaya ka mola o otlolohileng ka lebelo le sa fetoheng ka mokhoa o sa reroang.
(2) Ho thulana ho hlahang pakeng tsa likaroloana ho etsa hore likaroloana li lahleheloe ke matla a manyane.
(3) Likaroloana tsa khase li hasane ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le phaposi.
(4) Melao ea Newton ea motsamao e sebetsa feela ho likaroloana tsa khase ea monatomic.
(5) Nako e hlokahalang bakeng sa ho thulana pakeng tsa dikarolwana e kgutshwane haholo.
Ho tsoa lipolelong tsena, thepa ea likhase tse ntle e kenyelletsa...
A. (1), (2), (5)
B. (1), (3), (5)
C. (2), (3), (4)
D. (2), (4), (5)
E. (3), (4), (5)
Puisano
Lipolelo tse nepahetseng ke 1, 3, 5.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
8. Potso ea Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Fisiks ea SMA/MA ea 2015/2016 Nomoro ea 21
(1) Khase e entsoe ka likaroloana tse ajoang ka ho lekana.
(2) Ho thulana ha dikarolwana le mabota ho tenyetseha ka ho phethahetseng.
(3) Nako e pakeng tsa ho thulana ha likaroloana e kgutshwane haholo.
(4) Bongata ba khase bo boholo haholo ha bo bapisoa le setshelo seo e leng ho sona.
(5) Melao ea Newton ha e sebetse ho limolek'hule hobane boholo ba tsona bo bonyenyane haholo.
Polelo e nepahetseng ke…
A. (1), (2), le (3)
B. (1), (2), le (4)
C. (1), (3), le (5)
D. (2), (3), le (5)
E. (3, (4), le (5)
Puisano
Lipolelo tse nepahetseng ke 1, 2, 3.
Karabo e nepahetseng ke A.
9. Potso ea Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Fisiks ea SMA/MA ea 2015/2016 Nomoro ea 22
Khase e loketseng qalong e nka sebaka se nang le bophahamo ba V mochesong oa T le khatello ea P. Haeba khase e futhumatsoa hoo mocheso oa eona o bang 3/2 T le khatello ea eona e bang 4/3 P, joale bophahamo ba khase bo fetoha...
A. 9/8 V
B. 9/5 V
C. 5/3 V
D. 4/3 V
E. 3/2 V
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 3/2 T
Khatello ea ho qetela (P)2) = 4/3 P
E botsitsoe : Molumo oa ho qetela (V)2)
Jawab :
Karabo e nepahetseng ke A.
10. Potso ea Tlhahlobo ea Naha ea Fisiks ea SMA/MA ea 2015/2016 Nomoro ea 22
Khase e loketseng e nka sebaka se nang le bophahamo ba V.1 mochesong oa T1 le khatello P1Ebe e futhumatsoa ho fihlela bophahamo ba khase bo fetoha 4/3 V1 'me khatello e ba 5/2 P1Karolelano ea mocheso oa khase ea ho qetela le khase ea pele ke...
K. 10: 5
B. 10: 3
C. 5: 10
D. 3: 10
E. 1: 8
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Molumo oa pele = V1
Mocheso oa pele = T1
Khatello ea pele = P1
Molumo oa ho qetela = EA-4/3 V1
Khatello ea ho qetela = 5/2 P1
E botsitsoe : Papiso ea mocheso oa ho qetela le mocheso oa pele
Jawab :
Bala mocheso oa ho qetela:
Karabo e nepahetseng ke B.
11. Kakaretso ea lilithara tse 3 tsa khase ea Argon mochesong oa 27°C khatellong ea 1 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa) e ka hara tube. Haeba khase e sa fetoheng R = 8,314 J.mol-1.K-1 'me palo ea likaroloana ka mole e le' ngoe ea khase ke 6,02 x 1023 likaroloana, joale palo ea likaroloana tsa khase ea Argon ka har'a tube ke ...
A. 0,83 x 10 23 karoloana
B. 0,72 x 10 23 karoloana
C. 0,42 x 10 23 karoloana
D. 0,22 x 10 23 karoloana
E. 0,12 x 10 23 karoloana
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala :
Bophahamo ba khase = lilithara tse 3 = 3 dm3 = 3x10-3 m3
Mocheso oa khase = 27oC + 273 = 300 K
Khatello ea khase = 1 atm = 105 Pa
Khase e sa fetoheng ea bokahohle (R) = 8,314 J.mol-1 .K-1
Nomoro ea Avogadro (N)A) = 6,02 x 1023 limolek'hule/mol
E botsitsoe : palo ea likaroloana tsa khase ea argon ka har'a tube
Jawab :
12. Khase e loketseng e ka har'a sejana se koetsoeng se nang le khatello ea P, bophahamo ba V, le mocheso oa T. Haeba ka nako e 'ngoe mocheso o fetoloa ho ba 2T, 'me bophahamo ba 3/2 V, joale karolelano ea khatello ea pele (P)1ka khatello ea ho qetela (P)2) kamora hore V le T di fetolwe ke….
K. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2: 3
D. 3: 4
E. 4: 3
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Moqolo oa ho qetela (V)2) = 3/2 V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 2T
O botsitse: Papiso ea khatello ea pele (P)1) le kgatello ya ho qetela (P2)
Karabo:
Papiso ea khatello ea pele le ea ho qetela:
P1 :P2
P: 4P/3
1: 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Karabo e nepahetseng ke D.
13. Khase ea oksijene e nang le bophahamo ba V, mocheso T, le khatello P e ka har'a silindara e koetsoeng ke valve. Ha valve e hatelloa, bophahamo ba oksijene bo fetoha 3/4 V 'me mocheso o fetoha 3/2 T, ebe karolelano ea khatello ea pele le khatello ea ho qetela ea khase ke….
A. P1 :P2 = 1 : 2
B. P1 :P2 = 2 : 3
C.P1 :P2 = 3 : 2
D.P1 :P2 = 3 : 4
E.P.1 :P2 = 4 : 3
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Moqolo oa ho qetela (V)2) = 3/4 V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 3/2 T
O botsitse: Papiso ea khatello ea pele (P)1) le kgatello ya ho qetela (P2)
Karabo:
Papiso ea khatello ea pele le ea ho qetela:
P1 :P2
1: 2
Karabo e nepahetseng ke A.
14. Ela hloko kerafo ea kamano pakeng tsa bongata ba 'mele (ρ) le bophahamo ba (V) ba likhase tse latelang!
Para ea likhase tse nang le boima bo tšoanang ke…
Puisano
Foromo ea ho ba le bongata:
Botenya (ρ) = boima (m) / Bophahamo (V)
Boima (m) = bongata (ρ) Molumo (V) x
1) m = (0,8)(2) = 1,6 kg
2) m = (0,8)(4) = 3,2 kg
3) m = (0,4)(4) = 1,6 kg
4) m = (0,4)(5) = 2 kg
5) m = (0,8)(5) = 4 kg
Para ea likhase tse nang le boima bo tšoanang ke 1 le 3.
15. Khase e loketseng e ka har'a sejana se koetsoeng se nang le khatello ea P, bophahamo ba V, le mocheso oa T. Haeba ka nako e 'ngoe mocheso o fetoloa ho ba 2T, 'me bophahamo ba 3/2 V, joale karolelano ea khatello ea pele (P)1ka khatello ea ho qetela (P)2) kamora hore V le T di fetolwe ke….
K. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2: 3
D. 3: 4
E. 4: 3
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Moqolo oa ho qetela (V)2) = 3/2 V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 2T
E botsitsoe: Papiso ea khatello ea pele (P)1) le kgatello ya ho qetela (P2)
Karabo:
Papiso ea khatello ea pele le ea ho qetela:
P1 :P2
P: 4P/3
1: 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Karabo e nepahetseng ke D.
16. Khase ea oksijene e nang le bophahamo ba V, mocheso oa T, le khatello ea P e ka har'a silindara e koetsoeng ke valve. Ha valve e hatelloa, bophahamo ba oksijene bo fetoha 3/4 V 'me mocheso o fetoha 3/2 T, ebe karolelano ea khatello ea pele le khatello ea ho qetela ea khase ke….
A. P1 :P2 = 1 : 2
B. P1 :P2 = 2 : 3
C.P1 :P2 = 3 : 2
D.P1 :P2 = 3 : 4
E.P.1 :P2 = 4 : 3
Puisano
Hoa tsebahala hore:
Khatello ea pele (P)1) = P
Molumo oa pele (V)1) = V
Moqolo oa ho qetela (V)2) = 3/4 V
Mocheso oa pele (T)1) = T
Mocheso oa ho qetela (T)2) = 3/2 T
E botsitsoe: Papiso ea khatello ea pele (P)1) le kgatello ya ho qetela (P2)
Karabo:
Papiso ea khatello ea pele le ea ho qetela:
P1 :P2
P: 2P
1: 2
Karabo e nepahetseng ke A.
17. Lilithara tse 2 tsa khase ea oksijene (O2)2) mocheso 30 oC ka khatello ea 1 atm (1 atm = 105 Pa) e ka hara tube. Haeba khase e sa fetoheng e le ea bokahohle, R = 8,314 J mol-1 K-1 'me palo ea limolek'hule ka mole e le' ngoe ea khase ke 6,02 x 1023 limolek'hule, ebe palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea oksijene (O2)2) ka hara tube ho na le…
A. 0,8 x 1023 molek'hule
B. 0,7 x 1023 molek'hule
C. 0,5 x 1023 molek'hule
D. 0,2 x 1023 molek'hule
E. 0,1 x 1023 molek'hule
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
VO2 = lilithara tse 2 = 2 dm3 = 2x10-3 m3
T = 30 + 273 = 303 K
PATM = 105 Pa = 105 N / limithara2
NA = 6,02x1023 limolek'hule/mol (Nomoro ea Avogadro)
R = 8,314 J mol-1 K-1
k = R/NA = 8,314/6,02 x 1023 = 1,38x10-23 J/K
Boima ba limolek'hule ba O2 = digrama tse 32/mol = 32 kg/mol
E botsitsoe :
Palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase ea oksijene (O2)2)
Jawab :
PV = NkT
Tlhaloso: P = khatello, V = bophahamo ba modumo, N = palo ea limolek'hule, k = Boltzmann kamehla
(105 N / limithara2)(2 x 10-3 m3) = N(1,38 x 10-23 J/K(303 K)
Karabo e nepahetseng ke C.
18. Bophahamo ba digrama tse 2 tsa kgase ya oksijene O2 (Monghadi = 32) tlasa maemo a tlwaelehileng (T = 0 oC le P = 1 atm) ke…. R = 8,314 J/mol K, 1 atm = 105 Pa) ke…
A. 1,4 m3
B. 2,0 m3
C. 2,3 m3
D. 2,5 m3
E. 3,0 m3
Puisano:
Hoa tsebahala :
Boima ba O2 = 2 lik'hilograma
Boima ba limolek'hule (Monghadi) O2 = digrama tse 32/mol
T = 0 + 273 = 273 K
P = 105 N / limithara2
R = 8.314 J/mol K
E botsitsoe :
Molumo?
Jawab :
Mohloli oa lipotso:
Lipotso tsa Fisiks tsa Tlhahlobo ea Naha bakeng sa Sekolo se Phahameng sa Thuto e Phahameng/Sekolo se Phahameng sa Mosebetsi
