Mohlala oa Mathata a Phapang ea Mokhahlelo oa Maqhubu
Maqhubu ke ketsahalo e tloaelehileng haholo ea 'mele e fumanoang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi le mafapheng a fapaneng a saense. Maqhubu e ka ba a mechine, joalo ka maqhubu a molumo le maqhubu a metsi, kapa a motlakase, joalo ka leseli. Khopolo e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ha ho ithutoa maqhubu ke phapang ea mekhahlelo. Sehloohong sena, re tla hlahloba phapang ea mekhahlelo maqhubung ka botebo 'me re hlahise mehlala e' maloa ea mathata ho tebisa kutloisiso ea rona.
Ho Utloisisa Liphapang tsa Mokhahlelo oa Maqhubu
Phapang ea mekhahlelo e bolela phapang boemong ba lintlha tse peli leqhubung ka nako e itseng. Phapang ea mekhahlelo e ka lekanngoa ka likhato kapa li-radian 'me e bontša hore na lintlha li hole hakae potolohong ea leqhubu. Ka mantsoe a bonolo, phapang ea mekhahlelo e hlalosa phapang ea nako pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli a fetang ntlha e itseng sebakeng. Ho thoe maqhubu a mabeli a boemong haeba lintlha tse tsamaellanang maqhubung ka bobeli li hlaha boemong bo tšoanang lipotolohong tsa tsona.
Ho ya ka dipalo, mokgahlelo (\(\phi\)) wa leqhubu o ka hlaloswa ka tsela ena:
\[ \phi = kx – \omega t + \phi_0 \]
Moo:
– \(k\) ke nomoro ea maqhubu,
– \(x\) ke boemo ba ntlha,
– \(\omega\) ke maqhubu a angular,
– \(t\) ke nako, mme
– \(\phi_0\) ke mohato wa pele.
Phapang ea mohato pakeng tsa lintlha tse peli leqhubung kapa pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli a fapaneng e ka hlalosoa ka tsela ena:
\[ \ Delta \phi = \phi_2 – \phi_1 \]
Tšebeliso ea Phapang ea Mekhahlelo
Phapang ea mekhahlelo e bohlokoa haholo mafapheng a mangata, ho kenyeletsoa boenjiniere ba puisano, 'mino, fisiks le boenjiniere. Boenjiniereng ba puisano, phapang ea mekhahlelo e sebelisoa ho fumana tšitiso lipakeng tsa matšoao. 'Minong, phapang ea mekhahlelo e ka ama boleng ba molumo le li-harmonics. Fisiks, khopolo ena e sebelisoa ho utloisisa tšitiso ea maqhubu, superposition, le liketsahalo tsa diffraction.
Mohlala oa Mathata a Phapang ea Mokhahlelo oa Maqhubu
Ho ithuta mohopolo ona haholoanyane, mona ke mehlala e meng ea lipotso tsa phapang ea mohato oa maqhubu hammoho le lipuisano tsa tsona.
Mohlala oa 1: Ho Bala Phapang ea Mokhahlelo oa Maqhubu a Mabeli a Lebelo le Tšoanang
Potso:
Maqhubu a mabedi a tsamaya ka hara sekgahla se le seng mme a na le maqhubu a 5 Hz. Leqhubu la pele le na le mohato wa pele wa di-radian tse 0, ha leqhubu la bobedi le na le mohato wa pele wa di-radian tse \(\pi/2\). Fumana phapang ya mohato pakeng tsa maqhubu ana a mabedi.
Puisano:
Phapang ea mokhahlelo (\(\Delta \phi\)) lipakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli ke phapang ea boleng ba mokhahlelo oa bona oa pele. Tabeng ena:
\[ \Delta \phi = \phi_2 – \phi_1 = \frac{\pi}{2} – 0 = \frac{\pi}{2} \, \text{radian} \]
Kahoo, phapang ea mekhahlelo pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli ke li-radian tsa \(\pi/2\) kapa likhato tse 90.
Mohlala oa Potso ea 2: Phapang ea Mokhahlelo ho latela Boemo
Potso:
Leqhubu la sinusoidal le na le bolelele ba leqhubu ba limithara tse 4. Ka nako e itseng, fumana phapang ea mohato lipakeng tsa lintlha tse peli tse arohaneng ka mithara e le 'ngoe.
Puisano:
Phapang ea mekhahlelo (\(\Delta \phi\)) lipakeng tsa lintlha tse peli leqhubung e lekana ka ho toba le sebaka (\(\Delta x\)) pakeng tsa tsona ka li-unit tsa bolelele ba maqhubu (\(\lambda\)):
\[ \Delta \phi = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda} \times \Delta x \]
Hoa tsebahala:
– \(\lambda = 4\) dimithara
– \(\Delta x = 1\) dimithara
Ka ho nkela sebaka:
\[ \Delta \phi = \frac{2\pi}{4} \times 1 = \frac{\pi}{2} \, \text{radian} \]
Kahoo, phapang ea mekhahlelo lipakeng tsa lintlha tsena tse peli ke li-radian tsa \(\pi/2\) kapa likhato tse 90.
Mohlala oa 3: Ho Bala Phapang ea Mekhahlelo bakeng sa Maqhubu a Fapaneng
Potso:
Mehloli e 'meli ea maqhubu holim'a metsi e hlahisa maqhubu a nang le maqhubu a bolelele ba limithara tse 3 le limithara tse 4. Maqhubu ka bobeli a fihla ntlheng ea P holim'a metsi a nang le sebaka se lekanang sa limithara tse 5 ho tloha mohloling ho ea ntlheng. Fumana phapang ea mohato lipakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli ntlheng ea P.
Puisano:
Bakeng sa leqhubu ka leng, phapang ea mohato e ka baloa ho latela sebaka se tsamailoeng ka li-unit tsa bolelele ba leqhubu:
Phapang ea mohato oa pele (\(\lambda_1 = 3\) limithara), ke:
\[ \Delta \phi_1 = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda_1} \times d = \frac{2\pi}{3} \times 5 = \frac{10\pi}{3} \]
Leqhubu la bobeli (\(\lambda_2 = 4\) limithara), phapang ea mohato ke:
\[ \Delta \phi_2 = \frac{2\pi}{\lambda_2} \times d = \frac{2\pi}{4} \times 5 = \frac{5\pi}{2} \]
Phapang ea mekhahlelo pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli ke phapang pakeng tsa lipalo tsena tse peli (modulus \(2\pi\) ho fumana mohato ka potoloho e le 'ngoe):
\[ \Delta \phi = \left| \frac{10\pi}{3} – \frac{5\pi}{2} \right| \]
Ho leka-lekanya likarolo tsa denominator:
\[ \frac{10\pi}{3} = \frac{20\pi}{6} \]
\[ \frac{5\pi}{2} = \frac{15\pi}{6} \]
Kahoo:
\[ \Delta \phi = \left| \frac{20\pi}{6} – \frac{15\pi}{6} \right| = \frac{5\pi}{6} \, \text{radian} \]
Kahoo, phapang ea mekhahlelo pakeng tsa maqhubu a mabeli ntlheng ea P ke li-radian tsa \(5\pi/6\).
Qetello
Khopolo ea phapang ea mekhahlelo e bohlokoa ho utloisiseng likamano lipakeng tsa maqhubu le liketsahalo tseo a li hlahisang, joalo ka tšitiso le superposition. Ho ithuta mathata a mehlala a kaholimo ho tla u thusa ho utloisisa hore na phapang ea mekhahlelo e bapala karolo joang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. Ka ho utloisisa mehlala ena, babali ba tla khona ho sebelisa mohopolo oa phapang ea mekhahlelo maemong a rarahaneng le a fapaneng haholoanyane thutong ea maqhubu.
