Litšebeliso tsa Biomedical tsa Nanotechnology: Lintho tse Ncha tse Fetolang Sefahleho sa Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo
Nanotechnology, lekala la saense le shebaneng le ho laola thepa ka tekanyo ea nanometer (karolo e le 'ngoe ho tse limilione tse likete tsa mithara), le butse menyetla ea phetoho mafapheng a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa le biomedicine. Litšebeliso tsa biotechnology tsa nanotechnology li tloha ho li-diagnostic tse nepahetseng haholoanyane ho ea ho mekhoa ea phekolo e sebetsang haholoanyane le mekhoa ea phekolo e ikhethileng. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa tsa nanotechnology ho biomedicine, kamoo theknoloji ena e sebetsang kateng, le tšusumetso ea eona bokamosong ba bophelo bo botle ba lefats'e.
Tlhahlobo ea Nanodiagnostic
Tlhahlobo ea nanodiagnostics e bua ka tšebeliso ea melao-motheo le mahlale a nanotechnology bakeng sa ho hlahloba lefu. Mohlala o mong o tsebahalang haholo ke tšebeliso ea li-nanoparticles ho lemoha kankere. Li-nanoparticles li ka etsoa ka thepa e itseng e li lumellang ho tlama liseleng tse itseng tsa kankere. Sena se lumella bafuputsi le lingaka ho lemoha boteng le boholo ba lihlahala ka nepo, hangata mohatong o sa tsoa feta oa mekhoa e tloaelehileng.
Mekhoa e kang matheba a quantum, dibopeho tse nyane tsa nano tse ka ngolwang ka dimolekhule tse itseng, di bontshitswe di sebetsa hantle haholo ho fumaneng di-biomarker tse itseng. Ntlafatso ya di-biosensor tse thehilweng ho nanotechnology le yona e potlakisitse ho fumanwa ha mafu a tshwaetsanwang, a kang HIV le lefuba, ka ho netefatsa hore ho fumanwa dikokwana-hloko ka bongata bo tlase haholo.
Kalafo e reriloeng
E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse hlahelletseng tsa nanotechnology kalafong ea bongaka ke bokhoni ba ho fana ka kalafo e reretsoeng. Ka mohlala, kalafong ea kankere, li-nanoparticles li ka etsoa hore li lemohe le ho isa meriana ka kotloloho liseleng tsa kankere, li fokotsa tšenyo liseleng tse phetseng hantle. Sena se eketsa katleho ea meriana le ho fokotsa litla-morao, e leng phephetso e kholo kalafong ea kankere ea setso.
Liposome ke mofuta oa nanoparticle e sebelisoang kalafong e reretsoeng. Liposome ke nanoscale lipid vesicles tse ka tsamaisang meriana ka hare ho 'mele, tsa li sireletsa hore li se ke tsa senyeha, le ho li isa ka ho khetheha libakeng tsa mafu. Ho feta moo, nanoparticles tse thehiloeng ho polymer le nanocarriers tse sa tloaelehang, tse kang nanoparticles tsa khauta le silevera, le tsona li ntse li etsoa lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng 'me hona joale li ntse li ntlafatsoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa bongaka.
Meriana e Loantšang Likokoana-hloko le Phano ea Liphatsa tsa Lefutso
Nanotechnology e boetse e fana ka tšepo e ncha nts'etsopele ea li-antimicrobial agents le kalafo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Libaka tsa nanoparticle li sebelisitsoe hampe ho bolaea libaktheria kapa ho sitisa biofilms ea baktheria e hanyetsanang le lithibela-mafu tse tloaelehileng. Mohlala, li-nanoparticles tsa silevera li tsejoa li na le ts'ebetso e matla ea lithibela-mafu 'me li fumane lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng tsa bongaka.
Moelelong oa phekolo ea liphatsa tsa lefutso, li-nanoparticles li ka sebelisoa e le li-vector ho fana ka liphatsa tsa lefutso tse phekolang liseleng. Sena se emela tharollo e ka bang teng bakeng sa mafu a fapaneng a liphatsa tsa lefutso ao hajoale a haelloang ke kalafo e sebetsang. Lipofection, theknoloji e sebelisang liposomes ho fana ka DNA kapa RNA, ke mohlala o mong oa kamoo nanotechnology e ka thusang ho kenya thepa ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ka katleho liseleng tse reriloeng.
Li-implant le Li-prothese tse Betere
Nanotechnology e fetotse tsela eo re thehang le ho sebedisa di-implant tsa bongaka le di-prostheses. Ka di-coating tsa nanoparticle, di-implant di ka etswa hore di tshwarelle haholoanyane, di tsamaisane le diphedi haholoanyane, mme di be le thepa ya ho lwantsha dikokwana-hloko. Di-nanomaterial tse entsweng ka boenjiniere tse kang di-nanotubes tsa carbon le graphene le tsona di ntse di hlahlojwa ho ntlafatsa matla le tshebetso ya di-prostheses.
Mananeo ana a nanonetwork a thusa ho fokotsa ho haneloa ha 'mele ke li-implant, ho fokotsa kotsi ea tšoaetso, le ho khothalletsa pholiso. Mohlala, mananeo a nanonetwork holim'a li-implant tsa masapo a ka khothalletsa kholo e potlakileng le e matla ea masapo a macha a potolohileng implant.
Tlhahlobo ea Setšoantšo
Nanotechnology le yona e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa ho tsa bongaka. Mekhoa e kang magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) le positron emission tomography (PET) e ka ntlafatswa ka ho sebedisa nanoparticles. Mohlala, nanoparticles tsa iron oxide di ka sebediswa e le sehlahiswa sa phapang bakeng sa MRI, e leng se dumellang ditshwantsho tse hlakileng le tse qaqileng haholoanyane tsa dibopeho tsa ka hare tsa anatomiki.
Li-nanoparticles tse kopantsoeng le li-imaging agents li ka thusa ho lemoha lefu mehatong ea pele le ka kutloisiso e kholoanyane. Sena se bohlokoa haholo ho oncology, moo ho lemoha kapele ho ka ntlafatsang haholo tebello ea lefu le mekhoa ea phekolo.
Liente le Liente tse nyenyane
Nanotechnology e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong le ntlafatsong ea liente. Liente tsa setso hangata li tobana le liphephetso tse kang mathata a tlase a katleho le botsitso. Liente tsa nanovaccines li sebelisa li-nanoparticles ho fana ka li-antigen le ho ntlafatsa karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Sena se ka eketsa katleho ea liente le ho fokotsa tlhoko ea liente tse chefo.
Mohlala, li-nanoparticles tsa lipid (LNPs) li 'nile tsa sebelisoa lienteng tse ling tsa COVID-19 ho isa RNA ea moromuoa (mRNA) liseleng tsa' mele ho li laela ho hlahisa liprotheine tse bakang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung.
Tšireletso le Taolo
Pele nanotechnology e ka amoheloa ka botlalo bongaka, litaba tsa polokeho li hloka ho hlahlojoa ka botlalo. Li-nanoparticles li ikhetha 'me li ka bontša mekhoa e fapaneng ea chefo ha li bapisoa le thepa e tšoanang ka sebopeho sa eona sa macroscopic. Ka hona, lipatlisiso mabapi le ho lumellana ha bio, kabo ea 'mele, metabolism le ho ntšoa ha li-nanoparticles li bohlokoa.
Ho feta moo, ho hlokahala melao le maemo a thata ho netefatsa hore dihlahiswa tse thehilweng hodima nanotechnology di bolokehile ebile di sebetsa hantle. Mekhatlo ya taolo e kang Food and Drug Administration (FDA) United States le European Medicines Agency (EMA) Europe e ntse e sebetsa ho theha moralo o loketseng wa taolo bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa nanotechnology bongaka.
Bokamoso ba Nanotechnology ho Biomedicine
Bokamoso ba nanotechnology ho biomedicine bo tšepisa haholo 'me ho lebelletsoe hore bo tla fetola tsela eo re atamelang tlhahlobo ea lefu, kalafo le thibelo. Theknoloji ena e tla nolofalletsa mekhoa ea phekolo e ikhethileng le e sebetsang e etselitsoeng litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa bakuli.
Nts'etsopele e eketsehileng lefapheng lena e ka boela ea lebisa ho thehoeng ha mahlale a macha ao re e-so a nahane. Lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le tšebelisano-'moho lipakeng tsa mafapha a kang baeloji, k'hemistri, fisiks le boenjiniere li tla ba tsa bohlokoa ho phethahatsa bokhoni bo felletseng ba nanotechnology ho biomedicine.
Qetello
Nanotechnology e fana ka mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso tse ka bang teng ho biomedicine. Ho tloha ho nanodiagnostics e potlakileng le e nepahetseng haholoanyane, ho ea ho mekhoa ea phekolo e sebetsang hantle e nang le litla-morao tse fokolang, ho ea ho nts'etsopele ea li-implants le li-prostheses tse ntlafalitsoeng le tse lumellanang le biomedical, nanotechnology e na le bokhoni ba ho fetola tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea lefats'e. Ha re ntse re tsoela pele ho hlahloba le ho sebelisa theknoloji ena, ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore e sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o sebetsang ka lipatlisiso tse felletseng le melaoana e thata. Bokamoso ba nanotechnology ho biomedicine bo shebahala bo khanya, 'me re qalong feela ea seo e ka bang phetoho e kholo tlhokomelong ea bophelo.
