Litšebeliso tsa Biomedical tsa Microfluidics: Phetoho ho Tlhokomelo ea Bophelo
Microfluidics, saense le theknoloji ea ho laola maro a microscale, e hlahile e le tšimo e fetolang e nang le lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa bongaka. Seo se qalileng e le mohopolo o khahlisang fisiks le boenjiniere se fetohile sethala se matla se nang le monyetla oa ho fetola tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, tlhahlobo ea mafu le litsamaiso tsa pheko ea kalafo. Sengoloa sena se hlahloba lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tsa bongaka tsa microfluidics, se totobatsa tšusumetso ea sona e tebileng merianeng ea sejoale-joale.
Selelekela ho Microfluidics
Microfluidics e sebetsana le boitšoaro, taolo e nepahetseng, le tsamaiso ea maro a lekanyelitsoeng sekaleng se senyenyane (hangata se ka tlase ho milimithara). Litekanyong tsena, matla a mokelikeli a khetholloa ka phallo ea laminar, moo linomoro tsa Reynolds li leng tlase 'me matla a viscous a busa matla a inertial. Tikoloho ena e ikhethang e nolofalletsa lits'ebetso tse ke keng tsa fihlelleha lits'ebetsong tsa macroscopic, joalo ka ho kopanya ho laoloang ka mokhoa o motle, phapanyetsano e potlakileng ea mocheso, le tlhahlobo ea phallo e phahameng.
Tlhahlobo ea Sebaka sa Tlhokomelo
E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse tšepisang ka ho fetisisa tsa microfluidics ke sebakeng sa tlhahlobo ea libaka tsa tlhokomelo (POC). Mekhoa ea setso ea tlhahlobo hangata e hloka lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng tsa laboratori, linako tse telele tsa ts'ebetso, le boiphihlelo bo boholo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo tse thehiloeng ho microfluidic li ka ba nyane, tsa theko e tlase, le tse bonolo ho li sebelisa, esita le libakeng tse nang le mehloli e fokolang.
Li-platform tsa microfluidic li nolofalletsa ho kopanngoa ha lits'ebetso tse ngata tsa laboratori, joalo ka ho lokisa sampole, karabelo, karohano le ho lemoha, sesebelisoa se le seng, seo hangata se bitsoang "lab-on-a-chip" (LOC). Lisebelisoa tsena li ka sebetsana habonolo le bongata bo bonyenyane ba lisampole tsa baeloji, ho lumella ho lemoha mafu ka potlako le ka bonolo. Mohlala, litsamaiso tsa microfluidic li ntlafalitsoe ho hlahloba tšoaetso e kang HIV, lefuba le malaria ka ho lemoha li-biomarker tse itseng ho sebelisoa mekhoa e kang li-immunoassays le nucleic acid amplification.
Mefuta ea Organ-on-a-Chip
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, microfluidics e bile pula-maliboho tsoelo-peleng ea boenjiniere ba lisele, haholo-holo ka nts'etsopele ea mehlala ea li-organ-on-a-chip (OOC). Tsena ke litsamaiso tse entsoeng ka microengineering tse etsisang litšobotsi tsa sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea litho tsa batho. Li-OOC li fana ka lintlha tse amanang le 'mele ho feta litsamaiso tsa setso tsa setso sa lisele tse nang le mahlakore a mabeli kapa esita le mehlala ea liphoofolo, li koala sekheo pakeng tsa lithuto tsa in vitro le in vivo.
Matšoafo a ka har'a chip, sebete se ka har'a chip, le pelo e ka har'a chip ke mehlala ea mehlala e joalo e etsisang likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa fisioloji ea batho le lefu la bona. Litsamaiso tsena li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho ithuta mekhoa ea mafu, likamano tsa lithethefatsi le meriana e etselitsoeng motho ka mong. Mohlala, matšoafo a ka etsisa motsamao oa ho hema ho ithuta tšoaetso ea ho hema kapa ho lekola litlamorao tse chefo tsa lintho tse hemang, ha sebete se ka har'a chip se ka etsa mohlala oa lits'ebetso tsa metabolism le ho ntša chefo ea lithethefatsi.
Ntlafatso le Tlhahlobo ea Lithethefatsi
Microfluidics e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fumanoeng le ho ntlafatseng lithethefatsi ka ho nolofalletsa tlhahlobo e phahameng ea lilaebrari tsa lik'hemik'hale (HTS). Ho fumanoa ha lithethefatsi tsa setso ke ts'ebetso e jang nako e ngata ebile e bitsa chelete e ngata, e tletseng sekhahla se phahameng sa ho hloleha. Leha ho le joalo, li-platform tsa microfluidic li nolofalletsa liteko tse potlakileng tsa metsoako e likete ka nako e le 'ngoe, ho sebelisoa li-reagents tse nyane le lisampole, e leng se fokotsang litšenyehelo le nako haholo.
Lisebelisoa tsa microfluidic li boetse li lumella taolo e nepahetseng maemong a liteko le bokhoni ba ho etsa tlhahlobo ea likarabo tsa sele ka nako ea sebele ho lithethefatsi. Sena se bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho khetholla mekhoa le litekanyo tse ntle tsa meriana, le bakeng sa ho utloisisa pharmacokinetics le pharmacodynamics ea mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo. Ho feta moo, litsamaiso tsena li ka kopanya litso tse rarahaneng tsa lisele ho etsa mohlala oa likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lisele, ho fana ka temohisiso mabapi le tlhaho ea mafu le liketso tsa lithethefatsi tse ngata.
Tlhahlobo ea Sele e le 'Ngoe
Ho se tshwane ha disele tsa baeloji ho baka diphephetso tse kgolo ho utlwisiseng dinama tse rarahaneng le mafu. Tlhahlobo ya sele e le nngwe, e kgontshwang ke mahlale a microfluidic, e dumella bafuputsi ho sekaseka mefutafuta le matla a disele ka bomong ka hara baahi. Ditsamaiso tsa microfluidic di ka arola le ho sekaseka disele tse le nngwe ka tlhahiso e phahameng, di senola tlhahisoleseding ya bohlokwa mabapi le mesebetsi ya disele, tlhahiso ya dijini le maemo a metabolism.
Tšebeliso ea li-microfluidics tsa sele e le 'ngoe e kenyelletsa lipatlisiso tsa mofetše, moo e thusang ho khetholla lisele tsa mofetše tse sa tloaelehang, ho utloisisa ho se tšoane ha hlahala, le ho latela tsoelo-pele ea ho hanyetsa lithethefatsi. Thutong ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e nolofalletsa thuto e qaqileng ea likamano tsa lisele tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ho khetholla mefuta e itseng ea lisele tse amehang likarabelong tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Bokhoni ba ho sekaseka lisele tse le 'ngoe le bona bo bohlokoa bakeng sa lipatlisiso tsa lisele tsa mofetše, ho nolofalletsa kutloisiso ea litsela tsa ho khetholla le ho ntlafatsa nts'etsopele ea mekhoa ea phekolo ea ho ikatisa.
Phano e Laolang ea Lithethefatsi
Microfluidics e fana ka kgatelopele e kgolo ditsamaisong tse laolwang tsa ho fana ka meriana, tse bohlokwa bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa katleho ya kalafo le ho fokotsa ditlamorao. Disebediswa tse entsweng ka microfluidics di ka laola ka nepo ho lokollwa ha meriana ha nako e ntse e ya, ho arabela ditlamorao tse itseng, kapa tse shebaneng le dinama kapa disele tse itseng.
Mehlala e kenyelletsa lipompo tsa insulin tse thehiloeng ho microfluidic bakeng sa taolo ea lefu la tsoekere, tse ka fetolang phepelo ea insulin ka mokhoa o feto-fetohang ho latela tlhokomelo ea tsoekere ea nako ea sebele. Lisebelisoa tsa microfluidic li boetse li sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea kankere ea lehae, moo li ka isang li-chemotherapy agents libakeng tsa hlahala ka nepo, ho fokotsa chefo ea 'mele. Ho kopanngoa ha litsamaiso tsa microfluidic le lintho tse phelang ho lumella tlhahiso ea li-nanoparticles tse bohlale tsa ho fana ka lithethefatsi tse lokollang lithethefatsi ho arabela linthong tse itseng tse bakang, joalo ka liphetoho tsa pH kapa ts'ebetso ea enzymatic.
fihlela qeto e
Ts'ebeliso ea bongaka ea microfluidics e kholo ebile e ntse e atoloha ka linako tsohle, e susumetsoa ke tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea tlhahiso ea micro, saense ea thepa le boenjiniere ba baeloji. Ho tloha ho tlhahlobo ea tlhokomelo le mehlala ea litho-ka-chip ho ea tlhahlobong ea sele e le 'ngoe le ho fanoa ha meriana e laoloang, microfluidics e ikemiselitse ho fetola sebaka sa bongaka ba sejoale-joale. Ha lipatlisiso li ntse li tsoela pele 'me mahlale a ntse a hola, re ka lebella litharollo tse ncha le ho feta tse sebelisang melemo e ikhethang ea litsamaiso tsa microfluidic, qetellong li lebisa liphellong tse ntlafetseng tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le meriana e ikhethileng. Phetoho ena ho microscale e na le tšepiso e kholo ea ho sebetsana le tse ling tsa liphephetso tse matla ka ho fetisisa saenseng ea biomedical le phanong ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo.
