Melemo ea Baktheria bakeng sa Indasteri
Indasteri ea sejoale-joale hangata e amahanngoa le mechine, theknoloji e tsoetseng pele le lits'ebetso tse rarahaneng. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le karolo ea tlhaho ea bohlokoa le e atisang ho hlokomolohuoa makaleng a fapaneng a indasteri: libaktheria. Libaktheria, likokoana-hloko tse sa bonahaleng ka mahlo a hlobotseng, li bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa nts'etsopele ea liindasteri tse fapaneng. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba melemo ea libaktheria indastering, ho kenyeletsoa le makala a lijo le lino, meriana, temo le theknoloji ea baeloji.
Libaktheria Indastering ea Lijo le Lino
Ho belisa
E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse tsebahalang haholo tsa baktheria ke ho belisoa. Ho belisoa ke mokhoa oo likokoana-hloko, tse kang baktheria, li fetolang lintho tse phelang hore e be mefuta e bonolo. Ena ke mohato oa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa lijo le lino.
Yogurt le Kefir
Libaktheria tsa lactic acid, tse kang Lactobacillus bulgaricus le Streptococcus thermophilus, li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea yogurt. Libaktheria tsena li fetola lactose hore e be lactic acid, e leng se fang yogurt sebopeho le tatso ea eona e ikhethang. Kefir, seno se tsebahalang sa lebese le belisitsoeng, le sona se itšetlehile ka motsoako oa libaktheria tsa lactic acid le tomoso bakeng sa ho belisoa.
Sauerkraut le Kimchi
Libaktheria tsa lactic acid, tse kang Leuconostoc mesenteroides le Lactobacillus plantarum, le tsona li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea sauerkraut le kimchi. Ts'ebetso ena ea ho belisa ha e fane feela ka tatso e ikhethang empa hape e eketsa bophelo ba polokelo le boleng ba phepo ea lihlahisoa tsena.
Biri le Veine
Indastering ea lino tse tahang, libaktheria tsa lactic acid le tsona li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Li sebelisoa ts'ebetsong ea ho belisa malolactic, e fetolang asiti e bohale ea malic hore e be asiti e bonolo ea lactic. Sena se bohlokoa tlhahisong ea veine e khubelu ho ntlafatsa tatso le sebopeho.
Libaktheria Indastering ea Meriana
Tlhahiso ea Lithibela-mafu
Baktheria e boetse e le mohloli o moholo oa tlhahiso ea lithibela-mafu, metsoako e sebelisetsoang ho bolaea kapa ho thibela kholo ea likokoana-hloko tse bakang mafu. Penicillin, lithibela-mafu tsa pele tse fumanoeng, e hlahisitsoe ke fungus Penicillium, empa lithibela-mafu tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale li tsoa libaktheria tsa mobu, tse kang Streptomyces. Mohlala, streptomycin, lithibela-mafu tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola lefuba, e tsoa baktheria ea Streptomyces griseus.
Tlhahiso ea Livithamine
Baktheria le yona e bapala karolo ya bohlokwa tlhahisong ya divithamine. Mohlala o hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa ke tlhahiso ya vithamine B12 ke baktheria ya Propionibacterium le Pseudomonas. Tlhahiso ya dikokwana-hloko ya vithamine B12 e sebetsa hantle haholo ebile e na le tshireletso tikolohong ho feta mekgwa ya dikhemikhale.
Tlhahiso ea Li-enzyme
Li-enzyme ke li-catalyst tsa bohlokoa tsa biochemical lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri. Li-enzyme tse ngata tsa khoebo, tse kang li-protease, li-amylase le lipase, li hlahisoa ke libaktheria. Li-enzyme tsena li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, ho tloha tlhahisong ea sesepa ho ea lijong le lino.
Libaktheria Temong
Ho Lokisa Naetrojene
Libaktheria tsa mobu, tse kang Rhizobium, tse phelang hammoho le linaoa, li ka lokisa naetrojene moeeng 'me tsa e fetola mofuta oo limela li ka o sebelisang. Sena se bohlokoa bakeng sa monono oa mobu le temo ea tlhaho.
Lithethefatsi tsa likokoana-hloko
Libaktheria li boetse li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea likokoana-hloko tsa biopesticides ho laola likokoanyana tsa temo. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) ke mohlala o tsebahalang oa baktheria e hlahisang liprotheine tse bolaeang likokoanyana, tse sebelisoang lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana tsa tlhaho.
Phekolo ea likokoana-hloko
Temong ea temo, bioremediation e sebelisa libaktheria ho qhaqha litšila tse kotsi mobung le metsing. Libaktheria tse khonang ho senya chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana le meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana li sebelisoa ho hloekisa mobu o silafetseng, e leng se nolofalletsang temo e tsitsitseng.
Libaktheria ho Biotechnology
Tlhahiso ea Biofuel
Libaktheria li boetse li sebelisoa tlhahisong ea li-biofuel tse kang bioethanol le biodiesel. Libaktheria tse kang Zymomonas mobilis li sebelisoa ho belisoa ha tsoekere hore e be ethanol. Libaktheria tsena li na le melemo ho feta tomoso ka lebaka la mamello ea tsona e phahameng ea ethanol le phetoho e sebetsang hantle ea tsoekere.
Tlhahiso ea Bioplastic
Libaktheria tse kang Ralstonia eutropha li ka hlahisa li-bioplastic tse bitsoang polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). PHA ke polymer e bolang e ka sebelisoang e le mokhoa o mong oa polasetiki e tloaelehileng e entsoeng ka peterole.
Kalafo ea Liphatsa tsa Lefutso
Bongaka, libaktheria li sebelisoa kalafong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso. Libaktheria tse kang Agrobacterium tumefaciens li sebelisoa e le likoloi tsa ho kenya liphatsa tsa lefutso tse lakatsehang limela. Theknoloji ena e nolofalitse nts'etsopele ea mefuta ea limela e hanyetsanang le likokoanyana le mafu haholoanyane.
Qetello
Leha libaktheria li atisa ho nkoa e le tšokelo ka lebaka la mefuta e meng ea likokoana-hloko, ha e le hantle ke letlotlo la bohlokoa mafapheng a fapaneng a indasteri. Ho tloha ho belisoa ha lijo ho ea tlhahisong ea lithibela-mafu, ho tloha ho lokisoeng ha naetrojene ho ea ho lithibela-mafu tsa biopesticides, libaktheria li bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka.
Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea baeloji le boenjiniere ba liphatsa tsa lefutso, karolo ea libaktheria indastering e ka 'na ea eketseha. Mekhoa ea theknoloji e kang CRISPR-Cas9 e lumella bo-rasaense ho hlophisa liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa baktheria ka ho nepahala ho sa tloaelehang. Sena se bula monyetla oa ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea libaktheria ka bokhoni bo ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri.
Ha ho sebetsanoa le liphephetso tsa lefats'e tse kang phetoho ea tlelaemete le polokeho ea lijo, mekhoa e thehiloeng ho libaktheria e fana ka litharollo tse tsitsitseng le tse ncha. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore re tsoele pele ho tšehetsa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea li-microbiology tsa indasteri ho sebelisa bokhoni bohle ba libaktheria ho tšehetsa tsoelo-pele ea indasteri le boiketlo ba batho.
