Tlhaloso le Histori ea Bolepi ba Linaleli ba Boislamo
Ho Utloisisa Bolepi ba Linaleli ba Boislamo
Bolepi ba linaleli ba Boislamo, boo hangata bo bitsoang Mehla ea Khauta ea Boislamo, ke lekala la saense le ileng la hola ka potlako hammoho le tsoelo-pele ea tsoelo-pele ea Boislamo ho tloha lekholong la bo8 ho isa ho la bo16 la lilemo. Poleloana "bolepi ba linaleli ba Boislamo" e bolela thuto e hlophisitsoeng ea lintho tsa leholimo ke bo-rasaense ba Mamosleme lefatšeng le laoloang ke Boislamo. Saense ena e akaretsa ho shebella le ho lekanya maemo, metsamao le litšobotsi tsa lintho tsa leholimo tse kang linaleli, lipolanete, letsatsi le khoeli.
Ke hobane'ng ha lentsoe lena le sebelisa lentsoe "Boislamo"? Ka nako eo, bolepi bona ba linaleli bo ne bo sa ntlafatsoe feela ho kenya letsoho tsebong e akaretsang empa hape bo ne bo amana haufi-ufi le litlhoko tsa bolumeli ba Boislamo, tse kang ho fumana hore na Qibla e ea kae, ho fumana linako tsa thapelo, le ho fumana hore na khoeli ea Hijri e qala neng.
Histori ea Bolepi ba Linaleli ba Boislamo
1. Tšimoloho le Tšusumetso ea Phetolelo
Bolepi ba linaleli ba Boislamo bo thehiloe meetlong ea saense ea lichaba tse fapaneng tsa pejana, joalo ka Greece, India le Persia. Nako ea bohlokoa historing ea bolepi ba linaleli ba Boislamo e bile boiteko bo boholo ba ho fetolela mesebetsi ea saense ea linaha tse ling ho ea Searabia nakong ea Khalifa ea Abbasid, haholo-holo lekholong la bo8 le la bo9 la lilemo. Mokhatlo ona oa phetolelo o ne o khannoa ke litsi tsa saense tse kang "Bait al-Hikmah" (Ntlo ea Bohlale) e Baghdad.
Mosebetsi o motle oa setsebi sa linaleli sa Mogerike Ptolemy, e leng "Almagest," o ile oa fetoleloa Searabieng 'me oa fuoa sehlooho sa "Al-Mijisti." Mosebetsi ona, hammoho le libuka tsa saense tse tsoang India le Persia, o ile oa rala motheo oa hore bo-rasaense ba Mamosleme ba etse lipatlisiso tse nepahetseng haholoanyane, ba ntlafatse likhopolo-taba le ho etsa lipalo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane.
2. Lipalo-palo tsa Bohlokoa
– Al-Farghani (805-880): Mohlophisi oa pokello ea pele ea bolepi ba linaleli e tsejoang e le “Elementa Astronomica” kapa “Al-Mijisti as-Saghir”. Mosebetsi oa hae o fana ka kakaretso ea tsamaiso ea Ptolemaic 'me o bile le tšusumetso e kholo Bochabela le Bophirima ka makholo a lilemo.
– Al-Battani (850-929): A tsebahala Bophirima e le Albategnius, o entse ditokiso tsa bohlokwa ho seo Ptolemy a se boneng. Buka ya Al-Battani ya "Kitab az-Zij" (Buka ya Zij) e hlahisa ditafole tse nepahetseng haholo tsa bolepi ba dinaledi tse ileng tsa dula di sebediswa ho fihlela nakong ya Tsosoloso.
– Al-Biruni (973-1048): O hlahisitse mesebetsi e mengata ea bolepi ba linaleli le trigonometry. O entse litlhaloso tse qaqileng mabapi le sebaka se pakeng tsa Lefatše le Letsatsi, motsamao oa Khoeli, le ketsahalo ea ho fifala ha khoeli.
– Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040): O tsejoa e le Alhazen Bophirima, o ngotse “Buka ea Optics” e ileng ea susumetsa nts'etsopele ea optics le bolepi ba linaleli Europe.
– Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274): Ho thehoa ha sebaka sa ho shebella linaleli sa Maragha Iran se ileng sa fetoha se seng sa litsi tse etellang pele tsa linaleli tsa nako ea sona. Al-Tusi e tumme ka "banyalani ba Tusi," mokhoa oa jeometri o ntlafalitseng mohlala oa Ptolemy.
3. Mokhoa oa ho Lekola le ho Hlokomela
Libaka tsa ho shebella linaleli e bile sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa nts'etsopele ea bolepi ba linaleli ba Maislamo. Har'a tsona ke Ray Observatory e Iran, Baghdad Observatory e thehiloeng ke Al-Ma'mun, le Maragha Observatory e etelletsoeng pele ke Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. Litsebi tsa linaleli tsa Mamosleme li ile tsa etsa lipatlisiso tse hlophisitsoeng tsa motsamao oa lihloliloeng tsa leholimo, tsa etsa litafole tse qaqileng tsa linaleli, 'me tsa haha liletsa tse rarahaneng tsa ho shebella tse kang astrolabes le sextants.
4. Tšusumetso le Lefa ho Lefatše la Bophirima
Bolepi ba linaleli ba Maislamo qetellong bo bapetse karolo ea bohlokoa kholong ea saense Europe. Mesebetsi e mengata ea linaleli ea Mamosleme e ile ea fetoleloa Selatineng 'me ea e-ba mehloli ea mantlha ea bo-rasaense ba Europe nakong ea Mehla e Bohareng le Tsosoloso. Mohlala, mosebetsi oa Al-Battani o ile oa fetoleloa le ho ithutoa ke Copernicus, Kepler le Galileo.
Thahasello thutong ea linaleli lefatšeng la Boislamo e ne e se feela bakeng sa merero ea saense, empa hape e ne e le bakeng sa mekhoa ea bolumeli. Ho fumana linako tsa thapelo, tataiso ea Qibla, le almanaka ea Hijri ho khothalelitse Mamosleme ho ithuta le ho nts'etsapele bolepi ba linaleli ka botebo bo boholo.
5. Ho oa ha Bolepi ba Linaleli ba Boislamo
Ho theoha ha thuto ea linaleli ea Boislamo ho qalile ho hlaha lekholong la bo15 le la bo16 la lilemo, ho tsamaisana le ho phahama ha Europe ka Tsosoloso le Phetohelo ea Saense. Ho theoha hona ho bakiloe, har'a lintho tse ling, ke liphetoho tsa lipolotiki le tsa baahi, hammoho le khaello ea tšehetso ea mekhatlo le ea lichelete bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea saense lefatšeng la Boislamo.
Leha ho le jwalo, tshusumetso ya bolepi ba dinaledi ba Maislamo e ntse e le teng ho fihlela kajeno. Menehelo ya bona, ho kenyeletswa le mekgwa e metjha ya ho shebella, disebediswa tsa bolepi ba dinaledi, le ditokiso le ntlafatso dikgopolong tsa bolepi ba dinaledi tsa kgale, di emela dintlha tsa bohlokwa historing ya ntshetsopele ya bolepi ba dinaledi.
Qetello
Bolepi ba linaleli ba Boislamo bo fana ka pono e tebileng le e ruileng mabapi le ntshetsopele ya saense. Ka ho ithuta ka ho teba le ho shebella ka botebo, bo-rasaense ba Mamosleme ha ba a ka ba ntshetsa pele dikgopolo tse seng di ntse di le teng feela empa ba boetse ba thehile metheo e metjha boleping ba linaleli. Moetlo ona wa saense o bontsha kamoo motswako wa ditlhoko tsa bodumedi le mesebetsi ya saense o ka hlahisang diphetho tse tswelang batho bohle molemo.
Nako le nako, tšusumetso ea bolepi ba linaleli ba Maislamo e tla lula e utloahala, eseng feela lefa la mosebetsi oa hae empa hape le moeeng oa saense o susumetsoang ke bohelehele bo tebileng le boinehelo.
