Interferometry ke eng ho Astronomy?
Interferometry ke mokhoa o sebelisoang fisiks le bolepi ba linaleli ho lekanya maqhubu a motlakase ka ho kopanya matšoao a mabeli kapa ho feta a maqhubu. Moelelong oa bolepi ba linaleli, interferometry hangata e sebelisoa ho ithuta liketsahalo tsa tlhaho ka botlalo ho feta ho shebella ka kotloloho ho sebelisoa sebonela-hōle se le seng. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa metheo ea interferometry, nalane ea ts'ebeliso ea eona bolepi ba linaleli, theknoloji e ka morao ho eona, le liphetho tsa saense le lits'ebetso tse fihletsoeng ka mokhoa ona.
Kutloisiso le Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Interferometry
Interferometry ke mokhoa oa ho lekanya o kenyeletsang ho phahamisa maqhubu, hangata matšoao a khanya kapa maqhubu a seea-le-moea, ho theha mokhoa oa ho sitisa. Mokhoa ona o hlahlojoa ho fumana tlhahisoleseling mabapi le thepa ea leqhubu, joalo ka bolelele ba maqhubu, mohato, kapa matla. Mokhoa ona o itšetlehile ka molao-motheo oa tšitiso, e leng ketsahalo e etsahalang ha maqhubu a mabeli kapa ho feta a kopana 'me a sebelisana.
Ho interferometry ea optical, mahlaseli a mabeli a kopaneng (mahlaseli a nang le mekhahlelo e tsitsitseng) a kopanngoa ho hlahisa mohlala oa tšitiso. Mokhoa ona o na le mokhoa o phutholohang (o menang) o ka hlahlojoang ho lekanya liparamente tse itseng tsa maqhubu. Mohlala, liphetoho tse nyane tsa bolelele ba leqhubu kapa boemo ba mohloli li ka bonoa ka ho nepahala ho hoholo haholo ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona.
Ho radio interferometry, di-antenna tse arohaneng di sebediswa ho amohela maqhubu a radio ho tswa dinthong tsa lehodimo. Matshwao a amohelwang ke antenna ka nngwe a kopanngwa ho sebediswa molaomotheo wa tshitiso ho hlahisa setshwantsho se hlakileng le se qaqileng haholoanyane sa ntho eo.
Histori ea Interferometry ho Astronomy
Mokhoa oa interferometry o ile oa sebelisoa ka lekhetlo la pele thutong ea linaleli ke Albert A. Michelson mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Michelson o ile a sebelisa interferometer ho lekanya bophara ba linaleli ka ho fumana kamano pakeng tsa li-franjis tsa tšitiso ea linaleli. Mokhoa ona o tsejoa e le Michelson interferometry 'me o se o ntlafalitsoe ho ba motheo oa mekhoa e mengata ea interferometric e sebelisoang kajeno.
Tsoelo-pele theknolojing ea radar le radio bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo le eona e susumelitse tšebeliso ea interferometry ho astronomi ea radio. Litheleskoupo tse kang Very Large Array (VLA) New Mexico le Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array interferometer li bapetse karolo e kholo ho hlahlobeng bokahohle sehlopheng sa radio. Lihlopha tsena li entsoe ka li-antenna tse ngata tse arohaneng tse sebetsang hammoho e le interferometer e kholo ho lekanya matšoao a radio ho tsoa linthong tsa linaleli ka qeto e phahameng haholo.
Theknoloji e Hlahisang Interferometry
Interferometry thutong ea linaleli e hloka theknoloji e rarahaneng le ho nepahala ho ikhethang. Tse ling tsa likarolo tsa bohlokoa tsa interferometry ea linaleli li kenyelletsa li-antenna kapa litheleskoupo, lisebelisoa tsa ho lemoha tsa elektroniki, lik'homphieutha le software ea ho sebetsana le data.
1. Antena kapa Teleskopu
Ho radio interferometry, ho hlokahala di-antenna tse arohaneng ho amohela matshwao a tswang dinthong tsa bolepi ba dinaledi. Ha di-antenna tse ngata di sebediswa, interferometer e ka fihlella qeto e phahameng. Moelelong wa optical interferometry, di-telescope di kenngwa dibakeng tse balwang hantle ho netefatsa hore mahlasedi a amohetsweng ho tswa ho teleskopu ka nngwe a kopantswe hantle ho hlahisa paterone ya tshitiso.
2. Sesebelisoa sa ho lemoha sa elektroniki
Ka mora ho fumana letshwao la motlakase, antenna kapa teleskoupo e le fetisetsa ho sesebelisoa sa ho lemoha motlakase. Sesebelisoa sena se fetola letshwao la motlakase hore e be data ya elektroniki e ka hlahlojwang hape.
3. Lik'homphieutha le Software
Lintlha tse hlahisoang ke li-detector tsa elektroniki li romeloa khomphuteng bakeng sa ts'ebetso. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa liphetoho tsa Fourier le mekhoa e meng ea ts'ebetso ea matšoao ho hlahisa litšoantšo kapa tlhaiso-leseling ea spectral ea ntho e bonoang. Ho hlokahala software e khethehileng ho etsa tlhahlobo e rarahaneng ea data le ho hlahisa litšoantšo tse nang le qeto e phahameng kapa spectra ea lintho tsa linaleli.
Litšebeliso tsa Saense tsa Interferometry
Interferometry e fetohile sesebelisoa se matla bakeng sa litsebi tsa linaleli ho ithuta mefuta e mengata ea liketsahalo bokahohleng. Tsena ke tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tsa saense tseo mokhoa ona o li fihletseng:
1. Ho lekanya bophara ba linaleli
Interferometry e dumella ho lekanya bophara ba naleli ka nepo e makatsang. Ho tseba bophara ba naleli ho dumella ditsebi tsa dinaledi ho ithuta haholwanyane ka ho iphetola ha yona le thepa ya yona ya mmele.
2. Ho Etsa 'Mapa oa Lintho Tsamaisong ea Letsatsi
Mekhoa ea interferometric e sebelisitsoe ho etsa 'mapa oa libaka tsa lipolanete, likhoeli le li-asteroid ka qeto e phahameng haholo ho feta mekhoa ea setso ea ho shebella. Mohlala, radio interferometry e nolofalitse ho shebella ka botlalo bokaholimo ba Mars le likhoeli tsamaisong ea letsatsi e ka ntle.
3. Ho Fumana Lipolanete tse ka Ntle ho Letsatsi
E 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse thabisang ka ho fetisisa tsa interferometry ke ho lemoha lipolanete tse ka ntle ho sistimi ea rona ea letsatsi. Ka ho shebella mekhoa ea ho kena-kenana ha linaleli, bo-rasaense ba ka lemoha boteng ba lipolanete tse li potolohang, leha li sa bonahale ka ho toba.
4. Thuto ea Litaba tsa Linaleli
Interferometry e boetse e sebelisoa ho ithuta lintho tse pakeng tsa linaleli, joalo ka maru a khase le lerōle a teng lipakeng tsa linaleli. Ka ho sebelisa mokhoa ona, litsebi tsa linaleli li ka 'mapa oa kabo ea khase le lerōle ka botlalo, li fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le lits'ebetso tsa ho thehoa ha linaleli le lipolanete.
5. Tlhokomelo ea Mehloli ea Maqhubu a Matla a Khoheli
Mahlale a interferometric joalo ka LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) a nolofalitse ho lemoha maqhubu a khoheli, e leng maqhubu a sebaka-nako a hlahisoang ke liketsahalo tse kholo tsa bokahohle joalo ka ho kopana ha masoba a matšo kapa linaleli tsa neutron. Sena se bula menyetla e mecha ea ho utloisisa liketsahalo tse neng li sa bonahale pele ka mekhoa e meng.
Liphephetso le Bokamoso ba Interferometry
Leha interferometry e fana ka melemo e mengata, e boetse e hlahisa liphephetso. E 'ngoe ea tsena ke ho hokahanya matšoao a tsoang ho li-antenna kapa litheleskopu tse fapaneng, haholo-holo haeba a arotsoe ke libaka tse kholo. Tsoelo-pele theknolojing ea lik'homphieutha le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ea data e thusitse ho hlola bothata bona, empa ho ntse ho hlokahala ho nepahala ho phahameng.
Bokamoso ba interferometry thutong ea linaleli bo tšepisa haholo. Merero e kang Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) e bontšitse bokhoni ba interferometry ba ho bona masoba a matšo ka qeto e ikhethang. Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea li-interferometer tse thehiloeng sebakeng, joalo ka Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), e lebelletsoe ho bula tsela ea ho lemoha mehloli ea maqhubu a khoheli ka kutlo e phahameng ho feta kamoo ho ka khonehang Lefatšeng.
Qetello
Interferometry ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa e sebelisoang bolepi ba linaleli ba mehleng ena. Ka ho kopanya matšoao a tsoang mehloling e mengata, interferometry e lumella litsebi tsa linaleli ho ithuta bokahohle ka botlalo bo sa kang ba bonoa pele. Ka theknoloji ena, re ka lekanya bophara ba linaleli, ra etsa 'mapa oa libaka tsa lipolanete, ra lemoha lipolanete tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, esita le ho shebella maqhubu a khoheli. Leha ho na le liphephetso tse ngata tseo re lokelang ho li hlōla, bokamoso ba interferometry bo shebahala bo khanya haholo, ka lintho tse ngata tse ka fumanoang ke saense tse re emetseng.
